조선 말기 두창의 유행과 민간의 대응

김옥주(Ock-Joo Kim) 大韓醫史學會 1993 醫史學 Vol.2 No.1

하버드 의과대학의 의료윤리교육

김옥주 ( Ock Joo Kim ),구영모 ( Young Mo Koo ),황상익 ( Sang Ik Hwang ) 한국의료윤리학회 1999 한국의료윤리학회지 Vol.2 No.1

서울대학교 의과대학의 의료윤리 교육 경험

김옥주(KIM Ock-Joo),류인균(LYOO In Kyoon),장기현(CHANG Kee-Hyun) 한국생명윤리학회 2004 생명윤리 Vol.5 No.2

Since 1950s Seoul National University College of Medicine (SNUMC) has conducted medical humanities education to medical students including medical history and behavioral sciences. Recently, SNUMC has developed an integrated course, "Patient/Doctor/Society," which covers comprehensive topics interrelated among society, medicine, and doctoring. As a part of Patient/Doctor/Society I, the Medical Ethics I course aims at educating first-year medical students with case-based learning and small group discussion. Three experienced professors in different clinical specialties developed cases derived from their clinical experiences for Medical Ethics I course. Divided into small groups consisting of 7-8 students, all students were required to participate in on- and off-line discussions on the cases, and to make presentations on assigned cases. Feedback survey on the course showed that students appraised this course helpful to prepare medical students to recognize moral dimension of clinical medicine. Some of the students, however, were not completely satisfied with the methods; they could hardly find sufficient time for small group discussion in the midst of the compact curriculum. On reflection of the first running year experience of the course Medical Ethics I, the authors think that more educational resources need to be allocated to the course such as class hours, teaching staff and credits. As the SNUMC runs the course Medical Ethics Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ every year, teaching staff need to utilize diverse and rich cases and methods as reflected on the feedback of the students.

서양 근대 이후의 의사의 정체성

김옥주(KIM Ock- Joo) 大韓醫史學會 2005 醫史學 Vol.14 No.1

에도 말 메이지 초 일본 서양의사의 형성에 대하여

김옥주(KIM Ock-Joo),Takuya Miyagawa 大韓醫史學會 2011 醫史學 Vol.20 No.2

Western medicine began to be introduced to Japan since late 16th century. Japanese encounter with Western medicine centered on Dejima in Nagasaki in the seventeenth and eighteenth century and the initial process of introduction was gradual and slow. In the mid-nineteenth century, facing threats from Western countries, Tokugawa bakufu(幕府) asked Dutch naval surgeon, J. L. C. Pompe van Meerdervoort to teach western medicine at the Kaigun Denshujo naval academy in Nagasaki. The government also supported the western medical school in Edo. This paper deals with how modern western medical doctors were developed in Japan from late Edo to early Meiji. The publication of the New Text on Anatomy(解體新書) in 1774 translated by Sugita Genpaku and his colleagues stimulated Japanese doctors and scholars to study western medicine, called Rangaku(蘭學). During the Edo period, western medicine spread into major cities and countryside in Japan through Rangaku doctors(蘭方醫). In 1838, for example, Dr. Ogata Kōan established the Rangaku school named Tekijuku and educated many people with western medicine. When smallpox vaccination was introduced in Japan in 1849, Rangaku doctors played an important role in practiving the vaccination in cities and in countryside. After the Edo bakufu and the feudal lords of han(藩, han) actively pursued to introduce western medicine to their hans by sending their Samurai to Edo or Nagasaki or abroad and by establishing medical schools and hospitals until their abolition in 1871. In late Edo and early Meiii military doctors were the main focus of training to meet the urgent need of military doctors in the battle fields of civil wars. The new Meiji government initiated a series of top-down reformations concerning army recruitment, national school system, public health and medical system. In 1874, the government introduced a law on medicine(醫制) to adopt western medicine only and to launch a national licence system for medical doctors. Issuing supplementary regulations in the following years, the Meiji government settled down a dual-track medical licensing system: one for the graduates from medical schools with certain quality and the other for the graduate from less qualified schools who should take the licensing examination.

줄기세포 연구의 윤리적 문제에 대한 연구자들의 인식조사

김옥주(Kim Ock-Joo),권복규(Ivo Kwon),김현철(Kim Hyeon-Cheol),김계성(Kim Kye-Seong),조성일(Cho Sung-Il),박은정(Pak Un-Jong) 한국생명윤리학회 2006 생명윤리 Vol.7 No.1

This study was based on a survey done in 2003, which asked stem cell researchers about what ethical problems stem cell and embryo research have. The fact that this study focuses on the problems acknowledged by stem cell researchers in Korea which is one of the few countries who nationally supported stem cell research makes this study meaningful. The study is particularly important at this moment after 2005 Hwang Woo Suk scandal, since it shows how even the researchers in the year 2003 worried about ethical problem from the beginning of stem cell research. We asked the stem cell researchers what the general public would think about ethical problems related with stem cell research. By doing so, we tried to find the contrast between the opinions of the stem cell researchers and the general public on ethical issues. It also demonstrates that they were very cautious about performing human embryonic cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer. According to this study, many researchers were not supportive to embryonic cloning by nuclear transfer at that time. Furthermore, it proves that stem cell researchers have different point of views about the research according to their gender, religion and their stances.

영국의 줄기세포연구에 관한 윤리와 법정책 : 역사적 배경과 현황

김옥주(Kim Ock-Joo),이준석(Lee June Seok) 한국생명윤리학회 2005 생명윤리 Vol.6 No.1

This paper examines ethics and regulations on stem cell research in United Kingdom. While a few countries completely banned all kinds of research which derives stem cell from human embryo, U.K. allow human embryonic stem cell research. This paper examines historical backgrounds of the legalization of embryo research and current regulations in U.K. The first concrete proposals for regulating and permitting embryo researches started from Warnock Report published in 1984. Throughout 1980s after the publication of Warnock Report, heated debates on the embryo research went on until the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act was passed in 1990. According to the Act, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) was established in 1991. In U.K. all embryo research including stem cell research are regulated by a statutory body, the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA). With strict and transparent review, inspection, and audit process, the HFEA gives a license to a specific research project that was already reviewed by a Research Ethics Committee. Informed consent of donors are essential for any research on embryos. Since its establishment in 1990, the HFEA has faced new ethical, social, and/or legal problems related to embryo researches. The U.K. government, the parliament, and the HFEA have sought expert consultations and public opinions to establish guidelines and find solutions. In U.K., tension and adversities still exist between pro-life groups who are against embryo researches and those who support embryo researches. The transparency and accountability of the HEFA play main role as a safeguard of embryo researches, coordinating among different stakeholders, and guarding social and ethical values in human embryonic research.

관찰 연구와 생명윤리 및 개인정보 보호

김옥주(Ock-Joo Kim),최은경(Eun Kyung Choi) 한국역학회 2006 Epidemiology and Health Vol.28 No.2

  Observational studies constitute an important part of epidemiologic research. Researchers need to recognize that some of the observational studies may result in serious damage to the participants, and it is very important to understand that which aspect of such studies may pose a risk to the participant. The key element of an observational study that may raise an important ethical issue is specific information itself. Researchers need to make sure who has the right to make decision on the information, and by what pathways the information flows. Informed consent is an essential component involved in handling the information associated with participants" interest. Institutional review board (IRB) should oversee the study design and procedures to ensure the study procedures respect the rights of the participants and communities they belong to and protect them from any harm. Modern technologies add new dimensions to observational studies because of genetic information and large scale database systems that are linked with the study. Data security need to be assured by various procedures and legal protections. As the value of information becomes greater in the modern society, the importance of bioethics and personal information protection also becomes greater in the observational studies.

한국의 서양의학사 연구 동향과 전망

김옥주(KIM Ock-Joo) 大韓醫史學會 2010 醫史學 Vol.19 No.1

Studies on the history of Western medicine in Korea began to be actively conducted and published since the restart of the Korean Society for the History of Medicine in 1991, which had been originally inaugurated in 1947, and the publication of its official journal, the Korean Journal of Medical History in 1992. In 1970s and 1980s, even before the start of the Journal, articles on a history of Western medicine were published mainly written by physicians in medical journals. This paper aims to provide an overview of the publications on the history of Western medicine in Korea, comparing papers published in the Journal with those published in other journals. Authors of the papers in the Journal are those who majored in history of medicine or history science whose initial educational backgrounds were medicine or science, whereas authors of the papers in other journals majored in Western history, economic history, social history, religious history, or women’s history. While a large portion of papers in the Journal deal with medicine in ancient Greek or in modern America with no paper on medieval medicine, the papers in other journals deal with more various periods including ancient, medieval and modern periods and with diverse areas including France, Britain, Germany, Europe etc. Recent trends in 2000s show an increase in the number of researchers who published the history of Western medicine in other journals, total number of their publications, and the topics that they dealt with in their papers. In contrast, however, the number of researchers published in the Journal, the number of the papers and its topics - all decreased in recent years. Only three papers on the history of diseases have been published in the Journal, while eleven published in other journals. In order to stimulate research on the history of Western medicine in Korea, concerted efforts are necessary including academic communication among various disciplines, formulation of a long term plan to enlarge the pool of researchers and readers of the history of Western medicine, and development of strategic educational programs for both graduates and undergraduates including students of medicine and of humanities in Korea.

북한 의학잡지 연구 : 1950년대 『인민보건』을 중심으로

김옥주(Kim Ock-Joo) 大韓醫史學會 2002 醫史學 Vol.11 No.2