치환 브롬화페나실과 이미다졸류의 반응에 대한 반응속도론적 연구

임동순,권종우,김창석,홍순영,Im, Dong Sun,Gwon, Jong U,Kim, Chang Seok,Hong, Soon Yung 대한화학회 1990 대한화학회지 Vol.34 No.2

치환 phenacyl bromide와 imidazole과의 반응 및 phenacyl bromide와 치환imidazole과의 반응속도를 전기전도도법으로 측정하였다. 반응속도는 phenacyl bromide의 전자 끄는기에 의하여 촉진되었으며 이 반응은 linear free energy relationship과 isokinetic relationship에 잘 맞았다. 반응속도와 imidazole의 pKa사이에는 Bronsted rule이 잘 적용되었으나 2-methylimidazole의 경우에는 위치장애현상으로 인해 여기서 벗어났다. Acetonitrile 용매하에서는 methanol 용매하에서보다 Kirkwood식에서 예상되는 것보다 훨씬 빠르게 반응속도가 관찰되었다. Rates for reactions of substituted phenacyl bromides with imidazole and those of substituted imidazoles with phenacyl bromide were measured by an electric conductivity method. The rates were accelerated by electron-withdrawing substituents of phenacyl bromide and these reactions obeyed well both the linear free energy relationship and the isokinetic relationship. The relation between pKa's of substituted imidazoles and reaction constants fit the Bronsted rule. However, the case of 2-methylimidazole deviated far from this rule exerting steric hindrance. The reaction proceeded much faster in acetonitrile than in methanol and the observed ratio, k2 (acetonitrile)/k2 (methanol), was considerably larger than the value calculated from the Kirkwood equation.

반응표면분석법에 의한 머위 잎의 petasin 추출공정 최적화

이동완(Dong Wan Lee),이세열(Se Yeul Lee),정헌식(Hun Sik Chung),최영환(Young Whan Choi),임동순(Dong Soon Im),이영근(Young Guen Lee) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.11

머위 잎에서 알레르기성 천식에 효과적 치료제로 알려져 있는 petasin을 효율적으로 추출하기 위해 반응표면분석법을 사용하여 petasin 추출공정 최적화를 실시하였다. Box-Behnken design에 따라 설정한 에탄올 농도(40-80%), 추출 rpm (125-225), 추출시간(1-3 hr)을 독립변수로 하고 추출물의 특성 즉, 추출수율과 petasin 함량을 종속변수로 하여 분석을 실시하였다. 추출물의 petasin 함량은 에탄올 농도, 추출 rpm, 추출시간의 유의적인 영향을 받으며 특히, 에탄올 농도의 영향이 크며 이의 수준이 높아짐에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 추출조건에 따른 petasin의 거동은 유의적인 회귀식으로 설명이 가능한 것으로 확인되었다. 반응표면분석 결과, 머위 잎으로부터 petasin의 추출에 최적인 조건으로 에탄올 농도는 79.92%, 추출 rpm은 178.10, 추출시간은 2.06 hr로 각각 결정되었다. Petasin extracted from Petasites japonicus leaves has been well known to be effective in the treatment of allergic asthma. This study was carried out to optimize the extraction process of petasin from P. japonicus leaves by response surface methodology (RSM). The dried powder of P. japonicus leaves was extracted at ethanol concentrations ranging from 40% to 80%, extraction rpm ranging from 125 rpm to 225 rpm, and extraction time ranging from 1 to 3 hours. The effects of the extraction conditions on the dry yield and petasin content of the extracts were investigated using a second-order Box-Behnken design. The petasin content was significantly affected by ethanol concentration, extraction rpm, and extraction time, tending to increase more with increasing ethanol concentration. The optimum condition for petasin extraction from Petasites japonicus leaves was 79.92% in ethanol concentration, 178.10 rpm in extraction rpm, and 2.06 hours in extraction time, respectively.

혼합물 실험계획법에 의한 머위 및 부원료의 혼합비율 최적화

정해진(Hae-Jin Jeong),이경필(Kyoung-Pil Lee),정헌식(Hun-Sik Chung),김동섭(Dong-Seop Kim),김한수(Han-Soo Kim),최영환(Young-Whan Choi),임동순(Dong-Soon Im),성종환(Jong-Hwan Seong),이영근(Young-Guen Lee) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.3

호흡기계 질환에 효과적이라고 알려져 있는 식물성분들을 이용하여 기능성 음료를 개발하고자, 혼합물 실험계획법을 통해 혼합 최적 비율을 찾기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 즉, 머위 30~70%, 수세미 10~30% 및 어성초 10~30% 비율로 혼합하여 중앙점 반복을 포함하여 총 12개의 실험점을 설계하였고, 이 설계를 바탕으로 혼합물은 121℃에서 45분간 중탕 추출을 하여 anti-allergy activity 및 anti-microbial activity를 측정하였다. anti-allergy activity 효과는 Response surface와 trace plot을 보면 머위의 함량이 많을수록 좋은 효과를 나타내었고 수세미는 다소 약한 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 다중회귀분석 결과 상관계수 R²=82.10%이며 유의적인 회귀식으로 설명이 가능한 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 최적비율은 머위 0.75, 수세미 0.14 그리고 어성초 0.11의 비율로 결정되었다. anti-microbial activity는 혼합비율에 따른 각 추출물들이 그람양성균인 Staphylococcus aureus (KCCM 40881), Staphylococcus epidermidis (KCCM 35494)에 대해서는 유효하나 그람음성균인 Escherichia coli (KCCM 11234), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KCCM 11328)에 대해서는 미미하거나 효과가 나타나지 않았다. This study was performed to determine the optimal ratio of Petasites japonicus, Luffa cylindrica, and Houttuynia cordata, all of which are supposed to have anti-respiratory disease effects, such as against rhinitis. The experiment incorporated a mixture design and included 12 experimental points with center replicates for three different independent variables (Petasites japonicus 30~70%; Luffa cylindrica 10~30%; and Houttuynia cordata 10~30%). Based on this design, the mixture was extracted in hot water at 121°C for 45 min and anti-allergy and anti-microbial activities were observed. The response surface and trace plot described for the anti-allergy activity showed Petasites japonicas was a relatively important factor. The correlation coefficient (R²) value 82.10% for the inhibition effect of degranulation was analyzed by the regression equation. The analysis of variance showed the model fit was statistically significant (p<0.05). The optimal ratio of the mixture was Petasites japonicus 0.75%, Luffa cylindrica 0.11%, and Houttuynia cordata 0.14%. The anti-microbial activity for each extraction of the mixture was valid on gram-positive, such as Staphylococcus aureus (KCCM 40881) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (KCCM 35494), while it was less effective on gram-negative, such as Escherichia coli (KCCM 11234) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KCCM 11328).

Isolation, Quality Evaluation, and Seasonal Changes of Bakkenolide B in Petasites japonicus by HPLC

Tae Hoon Kim(김태훈),Do Youn Kim(김도연),Won Jung Jung(정원정),Ravichandran Nagaiya,Beung Gu Son(손병구),Young Hoon Park(박영훈),Jum Soon Kang(강점순),Young Jae Lee(이용재),Dong-Soon Im(임동순),Young-Geun Lee(이영근),Yung Hyun 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.3

머위(Peatasites japonicus)의 잎으로부터 생리활성물질을 탐색하여 항천식 효과가 있는 물질로 알려진 bakenolide B를 순수분리하였으며, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR 및 GC-MS spectrum 데이터를 이용하여 구조를 동정하였다. 머위의 잎, 엽병 및 근경 등의 채취시기별 bakkenolide B의 함량을 평가하기 위하여 HPLC 분석 방법을 확립하였다. Bakkenolide B의 민감도는 210 nm와 215 nm의 파장에서 254 nm, 235 nm 및 265 nm보다 높았으며, 분석을 위한 회귀 직선식은 y=7.841-6.262(파장 215 nm)로서 상관값(r<SUP>2</SUP>)이 0.999 이상으로서 유의성이 매우 높았다. 검출한계(LOD)는 1.05, 정량한계 (LOQ)는 3.38이었다. 회수율은 3종류의 농도값에 대하여 98.6에서 103.1%로서 매우 높았다. 이러한 결과들로 미루어 볼 때 머위에서 bakkenolide B의 함량은 HPLC 분석방법으로서 가능한 것으로 증명되었다. 따라서 식물체의 부위 즉 잎, 엽병 및 근경에서의 bakkenolide B의 함량을 측정한 결과, 잎에서 가장 높았고, 다음은 엽병이었으며, 근경에서 함량이 가장 낮았다. 3월 초부터 8월 초까지 1개월 간격으로 식물체의 부위별 bakkenolide B의 함량을 조사한 결과, 3월부터 8월까지 채취시기가 지연될수록 감소하는 경향이었다. 따라서 HPLC를 이용한 Petasites species의 bakkenolides 분석은 단순하고, 급속하게 분석할 수 있는 방법으로 확인되었다. The leaves of Peatasites japonicus are a traditional oriental medicine with diverse biological activities. A simple and specific analytical method for the quantitative determination of bakkenolide B constituents from methanolic extract of the leaves of P. japonicus was developed. Bakkenolide B was isolated from the leaves of P. japonicus, and its structure was elucidated based on 1D, 2D NMR, and GC-MS spectral data. A liquid chromatographic method was developed to evaluate the quality of P. japonicus through determination of major active compound, bakkenolide B. The wavelengths at 254 and 215 nm were chosen to determine bakkenolide B. The recovery of the method was in the range of 98.6 to 103.1%, and bakkenolide B showed good linearity (r<SUP>2</SUP>=0.999) within test ranges. The developed method was applied to the determination of bakkenolide B in the plant part and seasonal changes. The results showed that the content of bakkenolide B in the leaf was higher than in the petiole and rhizome. In this study, a simple, rapid, and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to determine the percentage and composition of bakkenolide B in P. japonicus procured from different Petasites species plants in South Korea. The method can be employed in routine quantitative analysis and quality control of different products in the market.

어성초(Houttuynia cordata Thunb) 유산균 발효물의 항알러지 활성

이영근 ( Young-guen Lee ),김용민 ( Yong-min Kim ),정해진 ( Hae-jin Jeong ),이보경 ( Lee Bo Kyung ),이승은 ( Sung-eun Lee ),임동순 ( Dong-soon Im ),김한수 ( Han-soo Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회지 Vol.26 No.12

This study was performed to evaluate the possibility of application of lactic acid bacteria fermentation to increase the anti-allergic activity of the extracts from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. H. cordata Thunb was fermented on 25, 30, 35 and 40℃ for 5 days by two species of lactic acid bacteria, Leuconostoc mesenteroides 4395 and Lactobacillus sakei 383. The anti-allergic activity of water extracts of H. cordata Thunb was then analyzed both before and after fermentation. Anti-allergic activity was determined in vitro assays by using 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and β -hexoseaminidase release of RBL-2H3 cells (degranulation marker). The extracts fermented at 35℃ by both bacteria had the highest inhibitory activities against 5-LO, and also higher than the control, and the one fermented at 30℃ by both bacteria had the highest inhibitory activity against COX-2. The degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells induced by IgE-antigen complex was estimated as β-hexoseaminidase release rate as reference of 100%, the release rates were inhibited in 25 μg/ml of the extracts fermented at 30, 35 and 40℃ only by L. mesenteroides 4395. These results indicate that anti-allergic activity of H. cordata Thunb is increased by lactic acid bacteria fermentation.

Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Bakkenolide B from the Leaves of Petasites japonicus by Using Response Surface Methodology

Jung-Hun Kim(김정헌),Yong-Min Kim(김용민),Hun-Sik Chung(정헌식),Young-Whan Choi(최영환),Kyoung-Pil Lee(이경필),Dong-Soon Im(임동순),Young-Guen Lee(이영근) 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.2

머위(Petasites japonicus) 잎에서 알레르기성 천식 억제 효능이 있는 bakkenolide B의 최적 추출공정을 반응표면 분석법을 이용하여 결정하였다. Box-Behnken design에 따라 설정한 추출온도(80, 100, 120℃), 추출시간(30, 45, 60 min) 및 추출용매의 pH (5, 7, 9)를 독립변수로 하고, 추출물의 특성 즉, bakkenolide B의 함량과 항알러지의 측정 지표인 비만세포의 탈과립반응 억제효과를 종속변수로 하여 분석을 실시하였다. Bakkenolide B의 추출함량은 추출온도, 시간, pH의 유의적인 영향을 받았으며, 추출온도 127.1℃, 시간 46.6분, 추출용매의 pH 7.7에서 최대치 121.6 μg/g이 예측되었다. 비만세포의 탈과립반응 억제효과의 회귀분석 결과는 유의성이 인정되지 않았고 낮은 상관계수를 보였다. Optimal conditions for extraction of bakkenolide B from Petasites japonicus leaves were determined by using response surface methodology. A second-order Box-Behnken design representing three extraction temperatures (80, 100, 120℃), three extraction times (30, 45, 60 min), and three solvent pH’s (5, 7, 9) was executed. The efficiency of the extraction conditions was defined using the β-hexosamidase assay by comparing both the bakkenolide B content and its anti-allergic activity expressed as extract inhibition on degranulation. The response surface plot described for the bakkenolide B content showed that the maximum content was predicted as 121.6 μg/g with extraction conditions of 127.1℃, 46.6 min, and pH 7.7. Extraction temperature and time were important factors in determining bakkenolide B content. Using regression analysis, correlation between the inhibition effect of mast cell degranulation and bakkenolide B content was found to be low.

Solvent Effects on the Reaction of Phenacyl Bromide with Aliphatic Amines

Hong,Soon-Yung,Im,Dong-Soon,Kim,Chang-Suk,Kim,Sung-Ryong,Kim,Tae-Weon 漢陽大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1993 基礎科學論文集 Vol.12 No.-

브롬화페나실과 디에틸아민 또는 트리에틸아민 간의 반응속도를 비 양성자성 용매, 양성자성 용매 및 이성분 용매하에서 측정하여 용매효과를 조사하였다. 비 양성자성 용매내에서 이들 아민의 반응속도는 용매의 극성이 클수록 빨랐으며 반응속도와 용매의 유전상수 사이에 Kirkwood rule이 잘 적용되었다. 그러나 양성자성 용매와 THF-MeOH 이성분 용매내에서는 디에틸아민은 트리에틸아민과 달리 반응속도와 용매의 유전상수 사이에 역비례의 관계가 나타났다. 이 사실을 용매화에 미치는 용매의 입체장애와 디에틸아민과 양성자성 용매간의 수소결합현상으로 설명하였다. Solvent effects on the reaction of phenacyl bromide with diethylamine or triethylamine in aprotic, protic or binary solvents were investigated. In an aprotic solvent, the rate of reaction was increased with increasing the dielectric constant of solvent and the relation between the rate and dielectric constant obeyed the Kirkwood rule. However in a protic solvent and in a THF-MeOH binary solvent, the rate of reaction of phenacyl bromide with diethylamine, but not with triethylamine, was inversely proportional to the dielectric constant of solvent. This observation was rationalized in terms of the steric hindrance of solvent molecules and the hydrogen bonding between diethylamine and protic solvent.

음식물쓰레기 비매립, 비소각 처리방법별 상대적 효율성 분석 : 경제성과 환경성의 통합적 평가 A Nonparametric Approach

권오상,강대희,이정임,임동순 한국환경경제학회 한국자원경제학회 2001 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.10 No.3

This study analyzes the relative efficiencies of three types of nonlandfill treatment of food wastes; recycling to fertilizers or animal feeds, reducing the size of food wastes, and fermentation of food wastes. Unlike previous studies our study incorporates not only usual inputs and outputs but also emissions of pollutants such as odor and noise generated by the treatment facilities into the analysis. A nonparametric method suggested by Fare et al. (1989) has been used to estimate the relative efficiencies of facilities incorporating emission of pollutants. The results show that recycling is more efficient than the other two treatment methods. It is also shown that the usual models that do not incorporate the environmental aspects of the treatment facilities derive a biased conclusion on the relative efficiencies.