최씨 훅을 이용한 복강경 버찌씨 수술

김영혜 ( Young Hye Kim ),박준선 ( Jun Seon Park ),최상준 ( Sang Joon Choi ),송창훈 ( Chang Hoon Song ),한세준 ( Sei Jun Han ),정혁 ( Hyuk Jung ) 대한산부인과학회 2006 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.49 No.6

목적: 버찌씨 수술은 복압성 요실금 수술에 효과적인 수술로 여겨져 왔다. 요실금의 원인이 내인성 요도 괄약근의 결손소견 없이 요도의 과운동성으로 인한 경우 버찌씨 수술이 일반적으로 추천되어진다. 본 연구에서는 복강경 버찌씨 수술에서 최씨 훅의 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 2000년 10월부터 2005년 3월까지 본원에서 복강경 버찌씨 수술을 시행받은 47명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 27명은 고전적 복강경 버찌씨 수술을 시행하였고 20명은 내골반 근막을 Cooper 인대를 부착하는데 유용한 본원에서 고안한 최씨 훅을 이용하여 복강경 버찌씨 수술을 시행하였다. 결과: 고전적 복강경 버찌씨 수술을 시행한 군과 최씨 훅을 이용한 복강경 버찌씨 수술을 시행한 군의 평균 나이, 분만력, 폐경률, BMI는 두 군간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p>0.05). 수술 시간은 고전적 복강경 버찌씨 수술은 90.52±15.32분, 최씨 훅을 이용한 복강경 버찌씨 수술은 38.50±10.14분으로 최씨 훅을 이용한 경우 수술시간이 통계적으로 유의하게 짧았다 (p<0.05). 두 군간에 재발률 및 합병증 발생은 통계적 유의성을 보이지 않았다 (p>0.05). 결론: 본 연구에서 본원에서 고안한 최씨 훅을 이용하여 복강경 버찌씨 수술을 시행한 결과 수술 시간을 단축시킬 수 있었으며 수술 효과는 기존 방법과 동일하게 관찰되었다. 이에 최씨 훅은 복강경 버찌씨 수술에서 사용할 때 집도자의 봉합 과정을 단순화시켜 수술 시간을 단축시키므로 복강경 버찌씨 수술에 용이한 기구이다. Objective: Burch operation has been effective method for the treatment of stress incontinence. Burch operation is a well-accepted procedure for treating stress urinary incontinence secondary to urethral hypermobility without intrinsic sphincter deficiency and is the reference standard with which other procedures are compared. This study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Choi`s hook in laparoscopic Burch operation. Methods: This study included 47 patients who had undergone laparoscopic Burch operation from October 2000 through March 2005. Of these 47 patients, 27 patients underwent traditional laparoscopic Burch operation (Group 1) and 20 patients underwent laparoscopic Burch operation with Choi`s Hook on anchoring the endopelvic fascia to the Cooper`s ligament (Group 2). Results: The mean age of patients of Group 1 was 55.6±9.37 years of age and that of Group 2 was 56.0±5.93 years of age. There is no difference in the mean age of patients (P>0.05). The mean operating time was 90.5±15.32 minutes for Group 1 and 38.5±10.14 minute for Group 2. The mean operating time was shorter in Group 2 than Group 1 (P<0.05). There was no difference in recurrence rate and complication rate between Group 1 and Group 2 (P>0.05). Conclusion: We performed laparoscopic Burch operation with the Choi`s Hook on anchoring the endopelvic fascia to the Cooper`s ligament. When we compared traditional laparoscopic Burch operation with laparoscopic Burch operation with Choi`s Hook, we could shorten the operation time using the Choi`s Hook.

대기오염과 실내 거주자의 활동도가 교실 내부의 입자 크기별 먼지 농도에 미치는 영향

최상준,Choi, Sang-Jun 한국환경보건학회 2008 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.34 No.2

This study evaluated the effects of the human activity and outdoor air on concentrations of size-selective particulate matters (PM) by conducting a realtime measurement in classrooms and on roofs at 4 elementary schools, 3 middle schools and 3 high schools in Incheon City. PM concentrations featured repetitive pattern of increasing during break time (including lunch hours) and cleaning time while decreasing during class hours. This trend was more prominent with inhalable PM and PM10 than fine PMs (PM2.5, PM1.0). The indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio of inhalable PM and PM10 exceeded 1 while that of fine PMs was close to or below 1. The PM2.5 (out)/PM10 (out) ratio stood at 0.59 (${\pm}0.16$) and the PM2.5 (in)/PM10 (in) ratio was 0.29 (${\pm}0.09$), suggesting that occupant activity had a greater effect upon coarse particles (PM10-PM2.5) than upon fine particles (PM2.5, PM1.0). The correlations between the indoor and the outdoor PM concentrations showed a stronger positive correlation for fine particles than that of coarse particles. The linear regression analysis of PM concentrations indoor and outdoor indicated a higher determinant coefficient ($r^2>0.9$), and consistency for fine particles than in case of coarse particles. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the indoor coarse particle concentration is more attributed to occupant activity and the indoor fine particle concentration is more influenced by outdoor air pollution.

Occupational Exposure to Styrene in Laminating Process for Manufacturing Double Walled Tank with Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastics

최상준 ( Sang Jun Choi ),선옥남 ( Ok Nam Sun ),전용희 ( Yeon Hee Jeong ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2011 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.9 No.1

This study was conducted to characterize workers` exposure to styrene by job and task in laminating process for manufacturing double walled tank with Fiber-Reinforced Plastics (FRP). We identified styrene in raw materials such as unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), hardner, toner, and cleaner by gas chromatography with mass spectrometer. Personal samples for airborne styrene and mandelic acid in urine were sampled and analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionized detector and high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector, respectively. A major emission source of styrene was UPR which contained 37 % styrene by weight. Full shift exposure levels of styrene in air for sprayer and helper exceeded occupational exposure limit in Korea (20 ppm). Short term exposure level of styrene for spraying with FRP ranged from 45.9 ppm to 86.1 ppm, significantly higher than the case without FRP (p<0.01). The highest exposure to styrene was shown during the first coating with FRP which correspondingly represents the process that calls for precaution. Urine mandelic acid concentration did not exceed the biological exposure index, which is attributable to the practice of wearing air purifying respirator. It was indicated that workers in laminating process with FRP are exposed to styrene at high levels. They should wear personal respirator with properly replaced cartridge based on service life. The service life of mask used in this study is estimated as 8 days based on the airborne styrene concentration of 50 ppm.

위험도 평가이론에 기초한 효율적 작업환경 관리 방법

최상준 ( Sang Jun Choi ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2011 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.9 No.1

In terms of occupational safety and health management, the ultimate goal of work environment control was to protect or promote workers` health. However, we can found a lot of control cases which are ineffective or irrelevant to workers` health protection. So, the purpose of this article was to discuss the principle for effective control measures based on the theory of risk assessment at work. In order to protect workers` health, we should control the risk at work. The level of risk was dependent on the hazard and exposure dose of hazardous agents in workplace. The first principle for the control of work environment was trying to eliminate or substitute hazardous agents with the lower toxicity. The second principle was to lower the exposure dose of agents by focusing on the step of emission. The personal protection equipment program should be considered as the last means.

작업환경측정 제도 운영 실태에 관한 고찰

최상준 ( Sang Jun Choi ) 한국산업위생학회 2008 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.18 No.4

This study was conducted to evaluate work environment monitoring program(WMP) under Industrial Safety and Health Act in Korea. WMP was evaluated by focusing on five key elements, such as purpose, subject, scope, method and workers` participation. The operation status of WMP was evaluated by using questionnaire to workers and data published by Ministry of Labor(MOL). Compliance rate of WMP was less 13 % in manufacturing workplaces. Over-exposure rate was steady state by annual trend. The degree of workers` satisfaction to WMP was just 24 %. A critical problem with the current WMP is that the employer and workers are not acting as main players. For a fundamental improvement in working condition to take place, participation of workers should be expanded and be guaranteed by law.

네일 샵 종사자들의 직무 형태별 취급 유해화학물질

최상준 ( Sang Jun Choi ),박성애 ( Sung Ae Park ),윤충식 ( Chung Sik Yoon ),김선주 ( Sun Ju Kim ) 한국산업보건학회 2015 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the task-specific hazards of chemicals used by nail technicians in Daegu Metropolitan City. Materials: A total of 30 nail shops located in Daegu City were surveyed to investigate the major tasks and practices performed by nail technicians and the ingredients listed in nail care products used in shops. We also collected instructions for use and material safety data sheets(MSDSs) of nail care products and compared CAS Nos. of ingredients with the lists of chemicals regulated by the Industrial Safety and Health Act(ISHA) and Chemical Substances Control Act(CSCA). Results: A total of 125 chemical ingredients were found in 468 nail care products used at the 30 nail shops. The most frequently found ingredients were ethyl acetate(72%), followed by n-butyl acetate(71.8%), isopropanol(56%), benzophenone(51.1%), nitrocellulose(46.4%) and ethanol(45.3%). Comparing six tasks, the task of manicuring used the most products at 222 products containing 91 ingredients. Among the 125 ingredients, there are 31 chemicals with occupational exposure limits(OEL) designated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor(MoEL), eight categorized as carcinogens, one mutagen and two reproductive toxic chemicals. In terms of carcinogens, formaldehyde was identified as the only confirmed human carcinogen(1A). We found that there was one chemical with a permissible limit, one special management substance, 18 workplace monitoring substances and ten special health diagnosis substances regulated by ISHA. For CSCA, nine poisonous substances, six substances requiring preparation for accidents and one restricted substance were identified. Conclusions: Based on these findings, formaldehyde was identified as one of the chemicals that should most strictly be controlled for the protection of the health of nail technicians and customers. At the same time, it is necessary to distribute materials with detailed hazardous information of nail care products for nail shop technicians.

여수국가산업단지 석유화학산업 근로자들의 벤젠 노출 실태와 관리대책

최상준 ( Sang Jun Choi ),김원 ( Won Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2007 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Status of benzene exposure was evaluated upon petrochemical workers in the Yeosu Industrial Complex, based on questionnaire responses by workers, review of previous work environment assessment reports between 1996 and 2004, in addition to short-term exposure measurements for unit tasks in the field. Questionnaire results showed that workers in the field were suffering concern on and symptoms of respiratory diseases, cancers or other illnesses of unknown causes. In particular, workers were highly worried about the risk of exposure to chemical hazards including benzene, while conducting specific tasks (e.g. sampling, draining, gauging) among normal operations during which equipments are opened and contents are exposedin the air, as well as periodic turnaround (TA) task. However, the review of previous work environment assessment reports found out that short-term exposure assessment data for unit tasks accounted for less than 1% of total data, and most of them were on 8-hr average exposure level. It also turned out that benzene was not detected in 83% of total samples, suggesting routine but pointless sampling has been repeated. Short-term exposure level was assessed focusing on tasks with high level of complaints on the exposure risk, based on the questionnaire responses. As predicted, a maximum of 741 ppm benzene exposure was reached depending on types and conditions of operations involved. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the evaluation and management on the short-term high exposure tasks including turnaround are crucial in reducing benzene exposure and preventing haematopoietic cancer in workers in the petrochemical industry.

유리섬유강화 플라스틱을 이용한 적층공정 근로자들의 스티렌 노출 평가: 보건진단 사례

최상준 ( Sang Jun Choi ),정연희 ( Yeon Hee Jeong ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2015 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.25 No.2

연구목적: 이 연구는 노동부의 보건진단 명령에 의해 유리섬유 강화플라스틱(FRP)을 이용한 이중벽 탱크 제조 사업장의 적층 공정 근로자들을 대상으로 스티렌 노출 특성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구방법: 스티렌의 주요발생원 파악을 위해 불포화 폴리에스테르 수지(UPR), 경화제, 조색제, 세척액 등의 원료 내 스티렌 함유량을 가스크로마토그래피 질량분석기(GC-MS)를 이용하여 분석하였다. FRP 적층 공정에 근무하는 작업자들을 대상으로 NIOSH 1501 공정시험법에 의해 공기 중 스티렌 노출 농도에 대한 개인노출 평가를 실시하였고, 생물학적 노출지표로 뇨 중 만델릭산을 채취한 후 고성능액체크로마토그래피(HPLC)로 분석하였다. 또한 각 직무 특성과 단위작업 중심으로 스티렌에 대한 단시간 노출평가를 수행하였다. 연구결과: 스티렌의 함유량이 가장 많은 주요 원료는 중량비율로37%의 스티렌이 함유된 UPR이었다. 적층 공정의 FRP분무 작업자와 보조 작업자들 모두 스티렌의 8시간 가중평균 노출기준(20 ppm)을 초과하였다. 단시간 노출평가 결과 FRP 분무 작업자의 경우 45.9 ppm에서 86.1 ppm 수준으로 FRP를 사용하지 않는 작업보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 수준이었다(P<0.01). 가장 높은 수준의 스티렌에 노출되는 단위작업은 FRP를 이용하여 1차 코팅 하는 작업으로 특별한 관리가 필요하였다. 결론: 보건진단을 위해 실시한 이중벽 탱크 제조 사업장의FRP 적층 공정 작업자의 스티렌 노출수준은 노출기준을 초과할 정도로 높은 수준이었다. 그러나 탱크를 천장에 매달고 돌리면서 적층작업을 수행하기 때문에 적절한 국소환기 시스템을 구축하는데 어려움이 있다. 따라서 적절한 방독마스크 착용으로 스티렌 노출 예방이 필요하였다.

비닐하우스 내 국화 재배 농업인의 Dichlorovos 노출 평가 사례

최상준 ( Sang Jun Choi ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2009 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.7 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the farmer`s exposure to dichlorovos during application in greenhouse for culturing Chrysanthemum. Eight hour time weighted average airborne concentrations of dichlorovos with personal and area sampling were 0.14 ㎎/㎥ and 1.12∼1.68 ㎎/㎥, respectively. The exposure to dichlorovos exdeed the occupational exposure limits recommended by ACGIH, OSHA, and NIOSH in all cases. The highest CO concentration was 230 ppm and was attributable to the use of motorized applicator running on gasoline. TVOC concentrations started to go down with ventilation by opening windows of a greenhouse. In conclusion, sufficient ventilation of a greenhouse is recommended after application in order to minimize pesticide exposure of farmers.

아크용접 작업 중 발생하는 자외선 노출에 관한 연구

최상준(Sang Jun Choi),백남원(Nam Won Paik),윤충식(Chung Sik Yoon),김정한(Jeong Han Kim),채현병(Hyun Byung Chae) 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate workers´ exposure levels to ultraviolet radiation(UVR) in shipbuilding industry and constriction equipment manufacturing industry which utilized CO_2-arc welding, shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and tungsten inert gas(TIG) welding, and to evaluate the effects of various variables on the UVR intensity. The UVR inadiance by welding type, measured in the front of welders with shielding helmet, were highest in CO_2-Arc welding and followed by SMAW and TIG welding. UVR irradiance decreased by distance from welding operations. But at same distance, UVR irradiance showed various values by direction of measurements. Especially UVR irradiance was highest at right side of workers. The most important variable, in determining the UVR irradiace, was heat energy(kW) combined with arc current and arc voltage. In laboratory test, heat energy was positively correlated with UVR irradiance(r=0.90, p<0.01) in the condition of local ventilation. As the proportion of CO_2 in shielding gas mixed with pure Ar and CO_2 increased from 5% to 13%, the irradiance of UVR was decreased by 49.5%. In conclusion, to evaluate correctly the exposure level to UVR irradiance, various variables affecting UVR irradiance such as arc current and voltage, wire type, shielding gas, distance and direction of measurement should be considered. Especially not to underestimate workers´ exposure to UVR in arc welding environment, we should measure UVR irradiance in direction of right side which has the lowest possibility of arc-interception.