총알고둥 (Littorina brevicula(Philippi))의 오염원에 대한 환경내성 2. 유기주석 및 중금속에 대한 총알고둥의 성장, 대사 및 조직학적 변화

진평,이정아,신윤경,이정식,CHIN Pyung,LEE Jung Ah,SHIN Yun Kyung,LEE Jung Sick 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

우리나라 전 연안의 조간대에 분포하고 있는 총알고둥을 대상으로 생존, 성장, 호흡, 배설에 미치는 유기주석, 수은 및 카드뮴의 만성저해성 연구를 통하여, 오염으로 인한 독성과 그에 따른 내성등을 생물학적 방법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 수온 $23^{\circ}C$에서 80일 동안 TBTCl, Hg 및 Cd의 각 실험농도에 폭로시킨 총알고둥의 생존율은 TBTCl, 0.9$\mu$g/$\ell$에서 $80\%$, Hg, 200$\mu$g/$\ell$에서 $25\%$, 그리고 Cd, 100$\mu$g/$\ell$에서는 $45\%$였다. 각 실험농도에 폭로된 총알고둥의 일일 평균 성장률은 대조구에서 0.023mm/day였으며, TBTCl의 경우는 0.1 $\mu$g/$\ell$에서 0.019mm/day로 $17.39\%$, 0.9 $\mu$g/$\ell$에서는 0.014 mm/day로 $39.13\%$ 감소하였으며, Hg의 경우는 50 $\mu$g/$\ell$에서 0.015 mm/day로 $34.78\%$, 200 $\mu$g/$\ell$에서는 0.008mm/day으로 $65.22\%$ 감소하였다. 그리고 Cd의 경우는 5$\mu$g/$\ell$에서 0.017 mm/day로 $26.09\%$, 100 $\mu$g/$\ell$에서는 0.008 mm/day으로 $65.22\%$ 감소하였다. TBTCl, Hg 그리고 Cd의 각 저해농도에 폭로시킨 총알고둥의 호흡 및 질소 배설률은 폭로시간의 경과에 따라 대체로 폭로전반에는 감소하다가 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 각 오염원에 따른 조직학적 변화양상은 TBTCl에서 아가미, Hg에서는 소화관 그리고 Cd의 경우에는 발 근육층부분에서 가장 크게 나타났다. The survival rates of Littorina brevicula exposed to experimental concentration regimes of TBTCl, HB and Cd on the large and the small size individuals during 80 days were $80\%$ at 0,9ppb TBTCl, 40 and $25\%$, respectively at 200ppb Hg, and 75 and $45\%$, respectively at 100ppb Cd. The growth rates of the experimental animals exposed to each concentration for 80 days was 0.023mm/day at control, 0.019mm/day at 0.1ppb and 0.014mm/day at 0.9ppb TBTCl, 0.022 mm/day at 5ppb, 0.008 mm/day at 200ppb Hg, and 0.017 mm/day at 5ppb, 0.008mm/day at 100ppb Cd. The respiration rates and excretion rates of the experimental animals exposed to chronic concentration of TBTCl, Hg and Cd were decreased until approximatively 40 days and increased after, Toxic effect of pollutants on L. brevicula was highest at TBTCl. The histological injury of L. brevicula exposed to TBTCl, Hg and Cd was shown at gill, digestive organ and muscle, respectively.

총알고둥 (Littorina brevicula(Philippi))의 오염원에 대한 환경내성 1. 총알고둥에 미치는 유기주석 및 중금속의 급성독성

진평,이정아,신윤경,이정식,CHIN Pyung,LEE Jung Ah,SHIN Yun Kyung,LEE Jung Sick 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

우리나라 전 연안의 조간대에 분포하고 있는 총알고둥을 대상으로 TBTCI, Hg 및 Cd의 급성독성과 그에 따른 사망률 및 산소 소비율의 변화를 수온, $15^{\circ}C$와 $23^{\circ}C$ 그리고 개체크기에 따라 살펴보았다. 수온 $15^{\circ}C$에서, 큰 개체 및 작은 개체에 대한 오염원별 급성독성 영향은 TBTCI에서 13일-$LC_{50}$은 각각 0.87 ppm, 0.65 ppm, Hg의 11일-$LC_{50}$은 각각 5.55 ppm, 2.85 ppm, 그리고 Cd의 9일-$LC_{50}$은 각각 13.77 ppm 및 8.46 ppm으로 독성순위는TBTCl > Cd > Hg으로 나타났다. 그리고 수온 $23^{\circ}C$에서는, TBTCl의 8일-$LC_{50}$은 각각 0.68 ppm과 0.15 ppm, Hg의 5일-$LC_{50}$은 각각 10.41 ppm과 5.73 ppm이 었으며, Cd의 4일-$LC_{50}$은 각각 13.31 ppm과 4.47 ppm이었으며, 독성순위는 TBTCl > Cd > Hg으로 나타났다. 실험 오염원에 대해서 큰 개체가 작은 개체보다 내성이 강했으며, Hg과 Cd의 경우 $15^{\circ}C$에서보다 $23^{\circ}C$에서 오염원의 농도가 증가함에 따라 작은 개체의 내성이 더 크게 감소했다 TBTCI와 Cd에서는 $15^{\circ}C$에 비해 $23^{\circ}C$에서 개체가 작을 수록 저해영향은 크게 작용했다. 총알고둥의 산소소비율은 $15^{\circ}C$보다 $23^{\circ}C$에서, 큰 개체보다 작은 개체에서 더 높았으며, 작은 개체가 농도증가에 따라 더 크게 감소했다. Littorina brevicula, a common small herbivorous gastropod, inhabits in almost every rocky and/or boulder shores of Korea with high density. The survival rates and oxygen consumption rates of this species exposed to tributyltinchloride (TBTCl), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) were investigated according to temperatures (15, $23^{\circ}C$) and individual sizes (12$\pm$0.5, 5$\pm$1 mm). At temperature $15^{\circ}C$, acute inhibitory concentrations for large (12$\pm$0.5 mm) and small (5 $\pm$1 mm) size individual showed that 13 day-$LC_{50}$ for TBTC1 were 0.87 and 0.65 ppm, respectively, 11 day-$LC_{50}$ of Hg were 5.55 and 2.85 ppm, respectively and 9 day-$LC_{50}$ of Cd were 13.77 and 8.46 ppm, respectively. At $23^{\circ}C$, acute inhibitory concentrations of pollutants on the large and the small size individual showed that 8 day-$LC_{50}$ of TBTCl were 0.68 and 0.15 ppm, respectively, 5 day-$LC_{50}$ of Hg were 10.41 and 5.73 ppm, respectively, and 4 day-$LC_{50}$ of Cd were 13.31 and 4.47 ppm, respectively. The order of toxicity on the species was TBTCl > Cd > Hg. Oxygen consumption rates during exposure to TBTCl, Hg and Cd toxicity were decreased more in small size than in large size individuals at 15 and $23^{\circ}C$.

Chlorella의 유기산대사에 관한 연구

진평,이영록,Chin, Pyung,Lee, Yung-Nok 한국미생물학회 1965 미생물학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Using the synchronous culture method and the manometric technique, changes in respiratory activities, utilization of some organic acids (succinate, malate, lactate and acetate etc.) and its effect on glucose metabolism in Chlorella cells at different growing stages were measured. 1) Endogenous respiration of the cells was not active at growing stage and was almost constant throughout the early ripening, maturing and division stages. 2) Lactate was utilized as respiratory substrate better than other organic acids tested. Exogenous respiration of glucose was most active at growing and maturing stages and was decreased strikingly at division stage. 3) Succinate and citrate inhibited endogenous and glucose respiration of the cells throughout the all life cycle. 4) Malate and acetate were utilized in the cells at early growing and division stages better, and malate enhanced the glucose respiration while in case of acetate it was depressed. 5) Calcium ion inhibited not only permeability of respiratory substrate but endogenous respiration itself.

곤쟁이 , Neomysis awatschensis 의 에너지수지에 미치는 PCBs 의 영향 2 . 에너지수지에 미치는 PCBs 의 영향

진평(Pyung Chin),신윤경(Yun Kyung Shin),전은미(Eun Mi Jeon) 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Analysis of energy budget in Neomysis awatschensis exposed to PCB toxicity was carried out by measurement of bioassay, growth, oxygen consumption, nitrogen excretion at 10 and 20℃. Energy contents of the body, molted exoskeleton and eggs, which measured to understand used energy for growth, molt and oxygen consumption were 5.52㎈/㎎, 2.17 ㎈/㎎ and 6.15㎈/㎎, respectively. Feeding energies at 10℃ were 3.755㎈ in control group and 3.420㎈ at 2.0 ppb concentration, of them, 70.19% and 67.53% of their energies were assimilated. At 20℃, feeding energies were 5.998㎈ in control group and 4.166㎈ at 2.0 ppb concentration. The assimilation efficiency of the mysid estimated by ash-ratio method ranged between 71.5-67.5%, and 73.4-70.5% with PCB toxicity at 10℃ and 20℃ respectively. Energy used by respiration of total assimilated energy was 45.78% in control group and 62.27% in 2.0 ppb concentration at 20℃, and energy used by metabolism was high 2.0 ppb concentration than control group.

곤쟁이 , Neomysis awatschensis 의 에너지수지에 미치는 PCBs 의 영향 1 . 곤쟁이에 미치는 PCBs 의 급성 및 만성영향

진평(Pyung Chin),신윤경(Yun Kyung Shin),전은미(Eun Mi Jeon) 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Acute and chronic responses to PCB toxicity of Neomysis awatschensis were studied by measurement of bioassay, growth, oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion with concentrations of PCB at 10 and 20℃. 96 hr.-LC_(50) at 10 and 20℃ were 28.7492 ppb and 10.6742 ppb, respectively. Survival rates during 60 days exposured to chronic PCB concentrations of 0.5 ppb, 1.0 ppb, 1.5 ppb and 2.0 ppb at 10℃ were 85%, 80%, 75% and 75%, respectively and survival rates at 20℃ 85%, 75%, 75% and 65%, respectively. Average daily growth rate of N. awatschensis exposed to chronic PCB concentrations at 10℃ were 0.039㎜/day in control group and 0.036㎜/day at concentration of 2.0 ppb, while their rates at 20℃ showed 0.072㎜/day in contral group and 0.039㎜/day at 2.0 ppb. The growth factors were some similarities between the chronic PCB concentrations, but intermolt periods were related to body size of mysids, temperature and PCB toxicity. Changes in oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion rates during 60 days exposure to PCB toxicity showed higher in high groups of PCB concentrations. Assimilation and feeding rates of N. awatschensis fed Anemia sp. decreased with increase of PCB concentration at 10 and 20℃.

$^{32}P$-Labeled Chlorella의 정상배지에 있어서의 $^{32}P$ 및 Total P의 전환

이영록,진평,Lee, Yung-Nok,Chin, Pyung 한국미생물학회 1966 미생물학회지 Vol.4 No.1

1. Uniformly $^{32}P$-labeled Chlorella cells were further grown in a standard "cold" medium and aliquots of the algal cells were taken out at the beginning of, and at intervals during the culture, and subjected to analyze the contents of $^{32}$ P and total P in various fractions of the cell constituents. 2. When the $^{32}P$--labeled algae were grown in a normal "cold" medium, the P-contents in the fractions of DNA and protein increased. In the meantime the $^{32}P$- in acid-insoluble polyphosphate fraction decreased considerably, while that in RNA-polyphosphate complex significantly increased. 3. It was inferred that, under the experimental conditions of the present study, the phosphorus in polyphosphate seems to be transferred to RNA polyposphate complex and the phosphorus used in the synthesis of DNA and protein was, directly or indirectly, taken from those fractions above.ose fractions above.

Chlorella 의 물질대사에 미치는 미양원소의 결핍효과 1 (제 1 ) -생 및 광합성 에 관하여-

이영록,진평,심웅섭,Lee, Yung-Nok,Chin, Pyung,Sim, Woong-Seop 한국미생물학회 1967 미생물학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Chlorella ellipsoidea cells were cultured in an iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum or boron-free medium. Physiological activities such as growth rate, reproduction, endogenous and glucose respiration, photosynthetic activity and biosythesis of chlorophyll of the micro-element definition cells were measured. It generally, growth rate, respiratory and photosynthetic activities, and biosynthesis of chlorophyll of the micro-element deficient cells decreased more or less, compared with those of the normal cells. The growth of the algal cells in an iron-free medium were retarded severely with the chlorosis, and the photosynthetic activity of the cells decreased remarkably even though the low content of chlorophyll in the cells owing to the iron-deficiency is considered. Therefore, it is deduced that iron takes part in the photosynthetic process itself, possibly by its participation in the photo phosphorylation coupled with electron transport. Respiratory activity of boron-deficient cells showed the most severe decrease whereas those of the molybdenum-deficient cells showed very slight decrease in spite of severe growth retardation.

곤쟁이 , Archaeomysis kokuboi 에 미치는 phenol 의 급성 및 만성독성

김정선,진평 ( Jeong Seon Kim,Pyung Chin ) 한국수산과학회 1995 한국수산과학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Acute and chronic toxicity of phenol on the mortality, long-term survival and respiration rates of the mysid, Archaeomysis kokuboi adult and juvenile were examined. This experiment was conducted by static bioassay procedure with the different salinity at 25℃. In lethal test, the test animals were exposed to 6 different phenol concentrations to determine LC_(50) and LT_(50) (median lethal concentration and time) values. The LC_(50) values with the exposure time for the mysid adult ranged from 31.31ppm to 1.49ppm phenol and for the mysid juvenile ranged from 6.90ppm to 0.26ppm in all experimental groups. Mortality was increased with the decrease of salinity. The 96hr-LC_(50) values at 16, 24 and 32‰ salinity for the mysid adult were 1.49, 2.71 and 4.53ppm phenol, while the values for the mysid juvenile were 0.26, 0.56 and 0.71ppm, respectively. The ratios of 96hr-LC_(50) values for the mysid adult to those for the mysid juvenile at 16, 24 and 32‰ salinity were 5.73, 4.84 and 6.38, respectively. The mysid juveniles were more sensitive to phenol than the mysid adults. Compared LT_(50) values for the mysid adult with those for the mysid juvenile, the LT_(50) values for the mysid adult ranged from 384.7 to 29.0 hours at 1.7∼12.7ppm phenol concentrations and for the mysid juvenile ranged from 132.2 to 18.7 hours at 0.5∼6.0ppm phenol concentrations. The lowest LT_(50) values for the mysid adult and juvenile were showed at the combination of the highest experimental concentration of phenol and the lowest experimental salinity. The mysid juveniles showed lower LT_(50) values than those of adults. The chronic effects of phenol on the mysid at the sublethal effective concentration of phenol were lower in the 32‰ salinity group than 16 or 24‰ salinity groups. Oxygen consumption rates of the mysid adult were decreased with the increase of phenol concentration and exposure time, and decreased significantly in lower salinity at the same concentration of phenol.

넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus) 피부상피층의 미세구조

김재원,진평,진영국,이정식,Kim, Jae-Won,Chin, Pyung,Jin, Young-Guk,Lee, Jung-Sick 한국현미경학회 2002 Applied microscopy Vol.32 No.2

넙치의 피부 상피층은 지지세포, 선세포와 부속세포들로 구성된다. 지지세포는 표면세포, 중간세포 및 기저세포로 구분된다. 선세포는 점액세포와 곤봉상세포, 부속세포는 염세포가 관찰된다. 표면세포는 편평형 또는 입방형이며 미융기들이 잘 발달되어 있다. 지지세포는 menbrane interdigitation구조와 부착반에 의해서 다른 세포들과 잘 연결되어 있고 세포질 피질부에 당김세사가 잘 발달되어 있다. 점액세포는 타원형으로 중성다당류의 점액을 함유하는 것으로 확인된다. 곤봉상세포는 세포질에 많은 액포와 미세섬유다발을 관찰할 수 있다. 부속세포인 염세포 세포질의 대부분이 미토콘드리아로 가득 채워져 있다. The structure of integumentary epidermis is studied in the bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus based on the light and transmission electron microscope. Epidermal layer consists of supporting cells, unicellular glands and accessory cells. The supporting cells were classified into superficial cell, intermediated cell and basal cell. Superficial cell of epidermal layer is squamous or cuboidal and the surface is covered with numerous microridges. The supporting cells are connected to another cell with membrane interdigitations and desmosmes. And tonofilaments are developed in the cortical cytoplasm. Gland cells are classified into mucous cell and club cell. By the histochemical studies of the epidermal secretions the mucous materials are identified as neutral polysaccharides. Club cell has numerous vacuoles and microfilaments in the cytoplasm. Also chloride cells are observed in the epidermis, it cytoplasm is occupied numerous mitochondria.

Chlorella Mitochondria의 Oxidative Phosphorylation에 대한 Ascorbic Acid 및 IAA의 작용성에 관하여

이영록,진평,Lee, Yung-Nok,Chin, Pyung 한국미생물학회 1964 미생물학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Lee, Yung Nok and Chin, Pyung (Dept. of Biology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea) : Action of ascorbic acid indoleacetic acid on the oxidation of succinate and coupled phosphorylation in Chlorella mitochondria. Kor. Jour. Microbiol., Vol.2, No.1, p12-16 (1964) Mitochondria were isolated from Chlorella ellipsoidea and the action of ascorbic acid and indoleacetic acid on the succinate oxidation and coupled phosphorylation in mitochondria suspension were examined. Oxidation of succinate used as substrate, and phosphorylation coupled to oxidation were strikingly enhanced by the addition of ascorbic acid, while in case of indoleacetic acid it were a little. In a view of phosphorylative efficiency, P/O ratio resulting from the addition of ascorbic acid was decreased and it may be considered as the result of a partial oxidation of ascorbate in mitochondria.