기상인자가 미세먼지 농도에 미치는 영향

신문기,이충대,하현섭,최춘석,김용희,Shin, Moon-Khee,Lee, Choong-Dae,Ha, Hyun-Sup,Choe, Choon-Suck,Kim, Yong-Hee 한국대기환경학회 2007 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.23 No.3

In this study, we have analyzed $PM_{10}$ concentration measured at Incheon Regional Air Monitoring Network (10 stations) and meteorological data at Incheon Weather Station to investigate factors (i.e. wind direction, wind speed, relative humidity, major meteorological phenomenon, and sea-land breezes existence) influencing $PM_{10}$ concentration in Incheon during 2005. Statistical differences among meteorological factors were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis test or Mann-Whitney U test. The main conditions causing high $PM_{10}$ concentration are summarized below; 1. When westerly wind prevailed (however, $PM_{10}$ decreased when winds were blowing from the east or north). 2. When the winds were calm, owing to accumulation of nearby emissions under stagnant conditions, or when the wind speed is in excess of 6 m/s, which shows the effect of fugitive dust produced by wind erosion. 3. Under the condition of high relative humidity and poor diffusion based on meteorological phenomenon such as fog, mist, and haze. 4. When the Sea-Land breezes existed, which occurred 70 days in Incheon during 2005 and contributed significantly to high $PM_{10}$ concentration in the coastal urban area. In conclusion, we have found that the meteorological factors have influence on $PM_{10}$ concentration in Incheon.

인천연안 갯벌의 특성조사(Ⅰ) - 퇴적환경 및 유기물분포

박정환 ( Jung-hwan Park ),이충대 ( Choong-dae Lee ),정종태 ( Jong-tai Jung ),김진한 ( Jin-han Kim ) 한국환경기술학회 2013 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.14 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate both seasonal and vertical characteristics of grain size distribution and organic matters in the tidal flat sediments of 8 costal areas in Incheon, in terms of analyzing the particle size, ignition loss, COD(chemical oxygen demand), acid volatile sulfide and TOC(total organic carbon) once in the spring and once in the fall in 2011. The tidal flat sediments in Incheon costal area consisted of predominantly silt and a mixed tidal flat of silt and sand as 95.3% of average contents. The seasonal grain size distribution in the surface sediment showed that the sand component tended to increase in the fall than in the spring. The vertical grain size distribution in the sediment core showed that the sand component tended to increase with the depth of sediment core in Dongmak site, whereas decrease in the sites of Janhwari, Sorae, and Northern Harbour. The seasonal concentration distribution of organic matters in the surface sediment was observed to be lower in the fall season compared with that in the spring season among all sediment sites except Hwangsando. An organism concentration of all the tidal flat sediments except Northern Harbour and Sorae areas was much lower than that of Japan Fisheries environmental standard and that of other regions in Korea, thus it seemed to be a good benthic ecological environment. The vertical concentration distribution of organic matters in the sediment core showed the similar trend among all costal areas in Incheon, and the most serious contamination of organic matters was observed at the sediment core in Northern Harbour near to industrial complex, where a concentration variation of organic matters in sediments with depth was most remarkable, therefore an organic pollution was considered the long-time sustained.

잔류 알루미늄 농도를 최소화 하기위한 최적 정수처리 공정에 관한 연구

조남영(Jo Nam Young),이충대(Lee Choong Dae) 한국환경관리학회 1997 環境管理學會誌 Vol.4 No.-

화물선박의 오염 기여도 산정을 위한 BFM 적용 시 배출량 삭감량에 따른 불확도 분석

이진숙(Jin Sook Lee),이충대(Choong Dae Lee),권문주(Mun Ju Kwon) 한국대기환경학회 2020 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.36 No.6

In this study, the characteristic of BFM was studied wherein nonlinearity was shown in the relation between ship emissions and PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> concentrations. The study was varied the cargo ship emissions reduction from 100%, 70%, and 50%, to 30% to review uncertainties and estimate the range of contributions for the simulated results and sensitivity analysis was conducted for each component. As a result, nonlinear characteristics were found for change in the ship emissions and, accordingly, for change in the PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> levels. However the coefficient of quadratic terms was small enough and there was not a significant curved pattern change for the ship sources. The components, excluding those that include EC and mineral particles, are chemical species that have a range of chemical reactions in the atmosphere to lead the secondary formation of PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>. Therefore, although the pollutant emissions from ships decreased the same rate, the simulated levels showed a nonlinear tendency. For the episode period, the contribution of ships was analyzed for each of the conditions for ship emissions sensitivity experiments. As a result, for Sinheung, which is located closest to the port, the contributions ranged from 4.3 to 4.8 μg/㎥; following this, the range was from 2.8 to 3.1 μg/㎥ for Songnim, and from 0.9 to 1.2 μg/㎥ for Bupyeong.

인천연안 갯벌의 특성조사(II) - 중금속 분포 및 오염도 평가

박정환 ( Jung-hwan Park ),정종태 ( Jong-tai Jung ),이충대 ( Choong-dae Lee ),김진한 ( Jin-han Kim ) 한국환경기술학회 2013 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg were measured in the tidal flat sediments of 8 coastal sites in Incheon, at 72 sampling stations for the surface sediment and 24 sampling stations for the sediment core, twice in the spring and fall in 2011. This study was carried out to evaluate the seasonal and spatial distributions of heavy metal concentrations together with an assessment of metal contamination. The highest concentration of heavy metals in the surface sediment was observed in Northern harbour site adjacent to many industrial companies, and relatively higher contents of heavy metals were found at the places of both Sorae in construction of new town and Hwangsando located in Han river estuary. The average contents of heavy metals in the autumn were 1.2 ~ 2.3 times greater than those in the spring at the surface sediments in the study area. Comparison of metal average concentrations of this study with those of the flat tidal sediments in western and southern places in Korea revealed that the average contents of heavy metals at the most of the sampling sites except Northern harbour were the same or less level. The significant variations of the vertical concentration profiles in the sediment core for the elements of Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb were observed at all sampling sites in the study area, and in particular the most significant variation in the average concentration of all the elements was appeared in Northern harbour. Pollution intensity of the heavy metals in the surface sediments was assessed using the sediment quality guideline of Effects Range-Low(ERL) and Effects Range-Median(ERM) levels set by NOAA, the enrichment factor(EF), and the index of geo-accumulation. The levels of all the elements were lower than the ERL level at all sites except that the adverse biological effects from Cu and Ni contamination were very likely in Northern harbour. The comparative EF indices were indicated by the order of Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu > Mn > Cr > Ni, and the element Cd was enriched by the factor of 4 ~ 12 times along with severely enriched at the sediments in both Northern harbour and Sorae sites. The results of geo-accumulation index of the surface sediments revealed that most of the sediments in the study area were not practically polluted or moderately contaminated by the trace metals, but seven sampling stations out of 72 stations in study area were moderately or strongly polluted by Cd and Cu metals in Northern harbour and Sorae sites.