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이영이(Lee Young-lee) 한국어문교육학회 2006 어문학교육 Vol.32 No.-
The purpose of this study is to analyze elementary school students speech in terms of dialogue structure, linguistic transaction, and verbal expressions by adopting a linguistic method of dialogue analysis. In particular, such a study can provide useful data useful for understanding elementary school students" linguistic capacity. In addition, it can show how the principles and strategies of dialogue adults use appear at the level of elementary school students, and, furthermore, illustrate a new direction for methods and substances in teaching speaking and listening. This study proceeds as follows. First, it singles out situational factors that directly influence elementary school students" speech. Second, it determines the level of dialogue analysis for the collected material in tandem with the situational factors. Third, it examines the relationship among elementary school students" dialogue structures, transactions, and verbal expressions. Chapter Ⅱ looks at the dynamic nature of elementary school students" speech as the theoretical background of this study, and tries to understand dialogues in terms of its concept, principles (cooperation, politeness, and some distance), and types, as a preliminary step before abstracting situational factors. And, by adopting the Sinclair/Coulthard model as an analytical framework for class conversation, it examines structure of dialogical process (functional stages and partial uses), exchange and move, turn-taking and so forth. Chapter Ⅲ determines the situational factors that directly influence elementary school students, considering the characteristics of speech such as being face-to-face, time-limitedness, and dynamic construction of meaning: dialogue participants, the member of the participants, the purpose of the dialogue, the degree of openness in dialogue and, the degree of fixedness of dialogue topics. And then it analyzes 19 sets of transcribed dialogue, and reaches the following conclusions. First, as for elementary school students" dialogue structure, functional stages appears in the classroom teaching, which comprised the starting, middle and finishing stages just as a general structure of dialogue. However, the content of speech at the finishing stage was characteristically very poor, and even a marginal, deviant stage appeared. exchange comprised three components of Initiation(I) move-Response(R) move-Feedback(F) move, but often F is omitted or sequence is inserted. The minimum move type shows a structure of initiating speech acts+(receptive/rejective) response + (agreeing/disagreeing) feedback. Finally, turn-taking appeared as order-turntaking, exchange-turn-taking, siege-turn-taking and so forth. Second, elementary school students requested for their turn to speak, used interjections to call people, and repeated speaking certain words, in order to get a chance to speak; interrogated and designated others in order to skip their own turn, or and inserted interjections in a hesitant manner and repeated words or phrases in order to maintain their chance to talk; and accepted or rejected the conclusion in the finishing stage. In addition, as for dialogue promotion aimed at achieving the goal of dialogue successfully, the students made agreeable responses to the preceding speaker in case that the goal was information or communication, but tended to interrogate, shame or obstruct others in order to take a superior position in debates in case of discussion. Third, as for the linguistic aspect of elementary school students, repetition was oriented towards one"s own speech as well as other"s speech; interjections were inserted very often; correction appeared usually when there are discrepancies among ordinary words, auxiliary words and/or predicates; and pause appeared when there was little time to articulate a speech. Such an aspect of
이영도(Young Do Lee),설재완(Jea Wan Soel),주병윤,임성한(Sung Han Rhim) 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.6
In this study, we have designed and developed proto type machine that is able to form a pattern forming using isostatic pressing and have progressed a pattern forming on the plates and curved plates In this study to research a pattern forming of a newly proposed process, we determined a decision creteria by filling ratio. PMMA material progressed plate forming using polymer die. we research for bending, torsion, and forming quality of materials that while it is plate forming, and suggest to prevent bending, and torsion, and changing geometry of material aspects.
무색투명 폴리(아미드 이미드) 공중합체의 합성 및 특성
이영도(Young Do Lee),김기수(Kisoo Kim),옥영진(Youngjin OK),김무송(Moosong Kim),장진해(Jin-Hae Chang) 한국고분자학회 2016 폴리머 Vol.40 No.2
4-nitrobenzoyl chloride와 2,2"-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine(TFB)를 이용하여 N,N"-[2,2"-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4"-biphenylene]bis(4-aminobenzamide)(TFAB)의 아민 단량체를 합성하였다. 합성된 TFAB와 무수물 단량체인 4,4"-(hexafluoro-isopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride(6FDA) 및 4,4"-biphthalic anhydride(BPA)를 다양한 몰 비로 반응하여 폴리아믹산(polyamic acid, PAA)을 합성한 후 화학적-열적 이미드화 반응을 거쳐 아미드 그룹을 가지는 폴리이미드 공중합체(Co-PI)를 합성하였다. 용액 캐스팅으로 합성된 Co-PI 필름은 유연하고 질긴 성질을 보였다. 합성된 Co-PI는 BPA의 함량 변화에 따라 열적-기계적 성질 및 광학 투명도 등을 조사하였다. Co-PI 필름의 열 팽창 계수(coefficient of thermal expansion, CTE) 값은 BPA의 몰 비가 증가할수록 감소하였지만, 광학 투명성에서는 반대의 결과를 보여주었다. N,N"-[2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4′-biphenylene]bis(4-aminobenzamide) (TFAB) was synthesized from 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride and 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFB). The obtained TFAB, 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), and 4,4′-biphthalic anhydride (BPA) were used to synthesize polyimide copolymers(Co-PIs) containing amide groups. Flexible and tough Co-PI films were prepared from poly(amic acid) (PAA) through solution-casting using chemical and thermal imidization methods. The thermomechanical properties and optical transparency of the Co-PI films with various BPA monomer contents were investigated. The coefficients of thermal expansions (CTEs) of the Co-PI films were improved linearly with increasing BPA content. However, their optical transparency was found to worsen with increasing BPA content.
이영한(Young-Han Lee),손연규(Yeon Kyu Sonn),옥용식(Yong Sik Ok) 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.3
경남지역 논 토양의 중금속 관리를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 260 지점을 대상으로 2011년에 Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn 및 As 전함량과 0.1N HCl 가용성 Cr 함량을 분석하였다. 논토양의 중금속 평균 함량은 Cd 0.143 (범위 0.003-0.537) mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, Cr 0.322 (0.002-0.986) mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, Cu 25.41 (6.03-76.19) mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, Ni 16.36 (2.63-32.94) mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, Pb 18.67 (4.16-87.02) mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, Zn 71.76 (22.99-153.58) mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, As 3.516 (0.002<SUP>-1</SUP>9.481) mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> 였다. 논토양에서 Cd 함량은 산록경사지에서 가장 높은 반면 Ni과 As 함량은 홍적대지, Zn 함량은 해안평탄지에서 가장 높았다. 또한, Cd, Cu 및 Zn 함량은 미사질식양토에서 미사질양토, 사양토 및 양토 보다 높은 경향이었다. The management of heavy metals in soil is important for environmental-friendly agriculture and keeping an ecosystem healthy. In this study, we examined the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and As) in 260 paddy soils sampled from Gyeongnam Province. The concentrations of the heavy metals were 0.143 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> (ranged 0.003-0.537) for Cd, 0.322 (0.002-0.986) mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> for Cr, 25.41 (6.03-76.19) mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> for Cu, 16.36 (2.63-32.94) mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> for Ni, 18.67 (4.16-87.02) mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> for Pb, 71.76 (22.99<SUP>-1</SUP>53.58) mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> for Zn, and 3.516 (0.002<SUP>-1</SUP>9.481) mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> for As, respectively. In addition, the concentration of Cd was highest in mountain foot-slope, Ni and As were highest in diluvial terrace, and Zn was highest in marine plains. Higher concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn were found in silty clay loam soils compared to silt loam, sandy loam, and loam soils.
이영한(Young-Han Lee),손연규(Yeon Kyu Sonn),이성태(Seong-Tae Lee),허재영(Jae-Young Heo),김민근(Min-Keun Kim),김은석(Eon-Seok Kim),송원두(Won-Doo Song),장용선(Yong-Sun Zhang),전원태(Weon-Tai Jeon),옥용식(Yong Sik Ok) 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.2
경남지역 논토양의 양분관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 260 지점의 화학성분 변동을 1999년부터 2011년까지 4년 주기로 분석하였다. 논토양 pH, 유기물 함량, 유효인산 함량, 유효규산 함량, 치환성 칼슘 및 마그네슘 함량은 1999년에 비해 2011년에 유의적으로 증가하였다. 유기물 함량의 초과비율은 1999년 40.0%, 2003년 30.4%, 2007년 48.5%, 2011년 50.8%로 증가하였다. 유효인산 함량의 초과비율은 1999년 55.0%, 2003년 57.7%, 2007년 52.7%, 2011년 63.5%로 2배 이상 과잉 집적되었다. 유기물 함량은 홍적대지에서 가장 높았고 유효인산 함량은 산록경사지에서 가장 높았다. 논토양의 통계분석과 주성분 분석을 통하여 경남지역 논토양의 유효인산 함량은 지형별 화학특성을 구별할 수 있는 중요인자로 판단되었다. Sustainable agriculture requires reliable information on the spatial distribution of the soil chemical properties for effective management of paddy fields. In order to provide adequate soil nutritional information for environmental-friendly agriculture, we investigated the soil chemical properties for 260 paddy soils sampled in Gyeongnam Province from 1999 to 2011 by four years of interval. Soil chemical properties of pH, organic matter, available phosphate and silicate, exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents were analyzed. The pH value, organic matter, available phosphate and silicate, and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in paddy soils were significantly elevated in 2011 compared to 1999. The excessive levels of organic matter and available phosphate in paddy soils were detected in 2011. The soil available phosphate was highest in mountain foot-slope (p〈 0.05) and the soil organic matter was highest in diluvial terrace (p〈 0.05). It revealed that the soil available phosphate was the responsible factor for the differentiation of soil chemical properties by the topography in paddy soils.