전기동력 무인항공기의 추진시스템 효율 추정에 관한 연구

안일영,양용만,주영철,박상혁,배재성,Ahn, Il-Young,Yang, Yong-Man,Ju, Young-Chul,Park, SangHyuk,Bae, Jae-Sung 한국항공운항학회 2015 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.23 No.3

In the present study, we conducted the research on the high efficiency propulsion system for the development of long-endurance UAV with an electric propulsion system. For the long endurance UAV, fair aerodynamic characteristics with the high efficiency of the propulsion system is required because the flight power and the duration time of the long-endurance UAV vary greatly depending on the efficiency of the propulsion system. Therefore, in this study, the tracking program which records the performance of motor, propeller was developed because of their wide variation in the efficiency depending on the using condition, and records from the existing flight test program were utilized to check the accuracy of the program we had developed. For the development of future long-endurance solar UAV, we confirmed the applied voltage of motor, the optimal rotation of propeller and the gear ratio of reduction gear in order to get the highest efficiency on the propulsion system at the optimal flying condition.

연구논문 : 말초혈액을 이용한 초고속 유전독성평가법 개발 연구

안일영 ( Il Young Ahn ),김주환 ( Ju Hwan Kim ),임대현 ( Dae Hyun Lim ),양준영 ( Jun Young Yang ),김소영 ( So Young Kim ),이정선 ( Jung Sun Yi ),염영나 ( Young Na Yum ),임채형 ( Chae Hyung Lim ),이진하 ( Jin Ha Lee ),최기환 ( Ki Hw 한국동물실험대체법학회 2014 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.8 No.1

To identify mutagenic potential of test substances, in vitro Ames tests are commonly used. Recently revised ICH S2(R1) guideline requires in vivo genotoxicity test if the result of the in vitro test is positive. In addition, a method testing multiple endpoints is required for animal welfare. Therefore we established a flow cytometry-based analysis such as Pig-a gene mutation assay and the micronuclei assay for detection of in vivo genotoxic potential using peripheral blood collected from repeated dose toxicity study. To evaluate these new methods, male Sprague Dawley rats were treated for 3, 14 or 28 days with N-nitro-N-ethylurea (ENU). ENU induced mutations in both reticulocytes (RET) and red blood cells of rats dose-dependently from the Pig-a gene mutation assay. ENU also increased micronucleated reticulocytes frequencies in flow cytometry based micronuclei assay, implying chromosomal damage to hematopoetic cells. These data show that both assays were well established. We additionally evaluated urethane and glycidol for applicability of Pig-a gene mutation assay and in vivo micronuclei assay by flow cytometry. Urethane, compared with vehicle control, did not increase Pig-a gene mutation and micronuclei frequency. Glycidol, compared with vehicle control, did not increase in micronuclei frequency, but Pig-a gene mutation significantly increased in the highest concentration for 28 days. Pig-a gene mutation assay for genotoxicity has many advantages: It can detect mutation in various species including humans, primates and rodents; and is integrated with repeated dose toxicity test without additional usage of animals; and has low spontaneous mutation frequency.

장기 체공형 태양광 무인 항공기 개발을 위한 기체 설계

안일영(Il Young Ahn),배재성(Jae Sung Bae),김학봉(Hark Bong Kim) 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 합동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.7

태양광 발전을 이용한 장기 체공형 태양광 무인기를 개발하기 위해서 새로운 무인항공기를 설계하였다. 태양광 무인항공기는 태양에너지와 배터리 용량에 따른 제한된 동력원을 이용하여 최대한 긴 시간동안 비행해야한다. 이를 위해서 낮은 소모 동력을 사용하여 비행할 수 있도록 C L<SUP>3 /2</SUP>/CD 값이 크도록 설계 되어야한다. 또한 태양광 에너지로 많은 전력을 생산할 수 있도록 날개 면적도 충분히 넓어야 한다. 이에 따라 유도 항력을 줄이기 위하여 가로세로비가 큰 날개 형상이 필요하며, 보다 유도항력을 감소하고, 넓은 날개면적을 위해서 꼬리날개에도 양력을 발생하는 탠덤윙(Tandem wing) 형태의 항공기로 설계하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 상용 VLM 툴인 AVL을 이용하여, 앞서 고려된 제약 조건을 바탕으로 태양광 무인항공에 적합하도록 새로운 무인항공기의 기체 형상을 설계하였으며, 최종적으로 주 날개 길이가 약 5.7m인 탠덤윙(Tandem wing) 형태의 항공기를 설계하였다.

말초혈액을 이용한 초고속 유전독성평가법 개발 연구

안일영 ( Il Young Ahn ),김주환 ( Ju Hwan Kim ),임대현 ( Dae Hyun Lim ),양준영 ( Jun Young Yang ),김소영 ( So Young Kim ),이정선 ( Jung Sun Yi ),염영나 ( Young Na Yum ),임채형 ( Chae Hyung Lim ),이진하 ( Jin Ha Lee ),최기환 ( Ki Hw 한국동물실험대체법학회 2014 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.8 No.1

To identify mutagenic potential of test substances, in vitro Ames tests are commonly used. Recently revised ICH S2(R1) guideline requires in vivo genotoxicity test if the result of the in vitro test is positive. In addition, a method testing multiple endpoints is required for animal welfare. Therefore we established a flow cytometry-based analysis such as Pig-a gene mutation assay and the micronuclei assay for detection of in vivo genotoxic potential using peripheral blood collected from repeated dose toxicity study. To evaluate these new methods, male Sprague Dawley rats were treated for 3, 14 or 28 days with N-nitro-N-ethylurea (ENU). ENU induced mutations in both reticulocytes (RET) and red blood cells of rats dose-dependently from the Pig-a gene mutation assay. ENU also increased micronucleated reticulocytes frequencies in flow cytometry based micronuclei assay, implying chromosomal damage to hematopoetic cells. These data show that both assays were well established. We additionally evaluated urethane and glycidol for applicability of Pig-a gene mutation assay and in vivo micronuclei assay by flow cytometry. Urethane, compared with vehicle control, did not increase Pig-a gene mutation and micronuclei frequency. Glycidol, compared with vehicle control, did not increase in micronuclei frequency, but Pig-a gene mutation significantly increased in the highest concentration for 28 days. Pig-a gene mutation assay for genotoxicity has many advantages: It can detect mutation in various species including humans, primates and rodents; and is integrated with repeated dose toxicity test without additional usage of animals; and has low spontaneous mutation frequency.

소형 태양광 무인항공기의 개발 및 비행시험

안일영(Il-Young Ahn),배재성(Jae-Sung Bae),박상혁(SangHyuk Park),양용만(Yong-man Yang) 한국항공우주학회 2013 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.41 No.11

본 연구에서는 소형 태양광 무인항공기를 개발하여 비행시험을 수행하였다. 태양광 무인기는 날개에 설치된 태양전지로부터 전력을 생산하고, 생산된 전력의 일부를 비행동력으로 사용하며, 나머지를 일몰 후 비행을 위해 배터리에 저장을 한다. 태양광 무인항공기는 공기역학적으로 매우 효율이 높아야 하며, 구조적으로 경량이면서 고강도를 가져야 한다. 또한, 태양광 무인기의 전기추진시스템과 태양광 발전시스템도 높은 효율을 가져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 12시간 이상의 연속 비행을 위한 태양광 무인항공기 및 태양광 시스템을 개발하고, 그 성능을 파악하기 위해 비행시험을 수행하였다. 가을과 겨울철의 비행시험 결과 본 연구에서 개발한 태양광 무인항공기의 사계절 모두 12시간 이상의 연속비행이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. This study has developed a small solar powered UAV and performed its flight tests. In daylight, a solar powered UAV flies by using some of electricity generated from solar cells, and stores the remainder into battery. At night it flies by using electricity from battery. A solar powered UAV should have aerodynamically efficient configurations, light-weight, strong wing and fuselage. Its electric propulsion system and solar power system should also be very efficient. In the present study the solar powered UAV and its solar power system are developed for 12 hour continuous flight and the flight tests are performed to verify its performance. The flight tests performed in fall and winter to prove the present solar powered UAV is successful in four-season 12 hour flight.

태양광 무인항공기용 태양전지 모듈의 성능 해석 및 시험

안일영(Il young Ahn),양용만(Yongman Yang),배재성(Jaesung Bae),정영석(Youngseok Jung) 항공우주시스템공학회 2013 항공우주시스템공학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.2013 No.5

수컷 생식줄기세포를 이용한 생식독성 동물대체시험법 개발

전혜련 ( Hye Lyun Jeon ),김태성 ( Tae Sung Kim ),이정선 ( Jung Sun Yi ),안일영 ( Il Young Ahn ),고경육 ( Kyung Yuk Ko ),이진하 ( Jin Ha Lee ),김주환 ( Joo Hwan Kim ),손수정 ( Soo Jung Sohn ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2015 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Currently, alternative test methods are actively being developed as a replacement for animal testing, based on the 3Rs (Replacement, Refinement, Reduction). However, the development of alternative test methods for the evaluation of reproductive and developmental toxicity is in its early stage, and no established test methods exist. This study is aimed at developing an alternative test method to evaluate reproductive toxicity using male germline stem cells (GSC). We selected a negative toxic substance (Dimethyl sufloxide (DMSO)) and two positive toxic substances (NEthyl- N-Nitrosourea (ENU), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) characterized in OECD TG 489. We also used seven test substances (2,4-diaminotoluene (2,4-DAT), cyclophosphamide (CP), benzo[α]pyrene (BP), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), D-mannitol (MA), n-butyl chloride (NBC) and trimethyl ammonium chloride (TAC)) suggested in a scientific paper published by ECVAM. The endpoints of toxicological evaluation were cell viability (MTT assay) and comet assay which is a method to measure DNA damage. As a result of our study with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) determined using the MTT assay, IC50 values of ENU and MMS were 1.7 mM and 0.4 mM, respectively. Also, IC50 values of 2,4-DAT, CP, BP andCdCl2 were 10.3 mM, 5.5 mM, 0.4 mM and 0.18 mM, respectively. As cell viability wasn’t significantly different from that of the control, IC50 values of MA, NBC and TAC could not be calculated. In the comet assay, Tail DNA%, Tail Length (TL) and Olive Tail Moment (OTM) of the two positive toxic substances (ENU and MMS) and the four test substances (2,4-DAT, CP, BP and CdCl2) significantly grew in comparison with the control. However, Tail DNA%, TL and OTM of the negative toxic substance (DMSO) and the three positive toxic substances (MA, NBC, TAC) were similar to those of the control. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the comet assay using GSC could be a candidate test method in predicting male reproductive toxicity.

연구논문 : 수컷 생식줄기세포를 이용한 생식독성 동물대체시험법 개발

전혜련 ( Hye Lyun Jeon ),김태성 ( Tae Sung Kim ),이정선 ( Jung Sun Yi ),안일영 ( Il Young Ahn ),고경육 ( Kyung Yuk Ko ),이진하 ( Jin Ha Lee ),김주환 ( Joo Hwan Kim ),손수정 ( Soo Jung Sohn ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2015 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Currently, alternative test methods are actively being developed as a replacement for animal testing, based on the 3Rs (Replacement, Refinement, Reduction). However, the development of alternative test methods for the evaluation of reproductive and developmental toxicity is in its early stage, and no established test methods exist. This study is aimed at developing an alternative test method to evaluate reproductive toxicity using male germline stem cells (GSC). We selected a negative toxic substance (Dimethyl sufloxide (DMSO)) and two positive toxic substances (NEthyl- N-Nitrosourea (ENU), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) characterized in OECD TG 489. We also used seven test substances (2,4-diaminotoluene (2,4-DAT), cyclophosphamide (CP), benzo[α]pyrene (BP), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), D-mannitol (MA), n-butyl chloride (NBC) and trimethyl ammonium chloride (TAC)) suggested in a scientific paper published by ECVAM. The endpoints of toxicological evaluation were cell viability (MTT assay) and comet assay which is a method to measure DNA damage. As a result of our study with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) determined using the MTT assay, IC50 values of ENU and MMS were 1.7 mM and 0.4 mM, respectively. Also, IC50 values of 2,4-DAT, CP, BP andCdCl2 were 10.3 mM, 5.5 mM, 0.4 mM and 0.18 mM, respectively. As cell viability wasn’t significantly different from that of the control, IC50 values of MA, NBC and TAC could not be calculated. In the comet assay, Tail DNA%, Tail Length (TL) and Olive Tail Moment (OTM) of the two positive toxic substances (ENU and MMS) and the four test substances (2,4-DAT, CP, BP and CdCl2) significantly grew in comparison with the control. However, Tail DNA%, TL and OTM of the negative toxic substance (DMSO) and the three positive toxic substances (MA, NBC, TAC) were similar to those of the control. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the comet assay using GSC could be a candidate test method in predicting male reproductive toxicity.

연구논문 : 인체구강모델을 이용한 구강점막자극 동물대체시험법 개발

임혜림 ( Hye Rim Lim ),이정선 ( Jung Sun Yi ),김태성 ( Tae Sung Kim ),고경육 ( Kyung Yuk Ko ),안일영 ( Il Young Ahn ),김주환 ( Joo Hwan Kim ),이진하 ( Jin Ha Lee ),양송이 ( Song Yi Yang ),김광만 ( Kwang Mahn Kim ),손수정 ( Soo Jun 한국동물실험대체법학회 2015 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Ensuring the biological safety of dental materials is important, because people of all ages use them and they stay inside the mouth of a person for years once they are put into it. However, current oral irritation tests bring pain to animals, and there are no internationally accepted alternative test methods. In this study, we have developed a new method to test for oral irritation using three-dimensional (3D) human oral mucosal models in the light of growing needs for alternatives to animal testing in order to ensure the safety of dental materials. The commercially available 3D human oral mucosal models (EpiOral™, HOM™) were cultured, using normal oral epithelial cells, and histologically and phenotypically similar to native buccal tissues. Two controls and three dental materials that are widely used in dentistry were selected for testing. These included a polyethylene film (negative control), 1% Triton X-100 (positive control), resin, denture base resin and impression materials. These three dental materials were prepared according to manufacturers’ instructions, and were turned into 0.7-cm discs in diameter. And then, we directly placed the controls and the three dental materials on the top of each human oral mucosal model for 24 hours and measured tissue viability via the MTT assay and cytokine secretion. When cell viability is less than 50% or cytokine secretion is more than 250 pg/ml, a test material is evaluated as an irritant. The negative control, resin and denture base resin turned out non-irritants while the positive control and the impression materials irritants. Since the results of the oral mucosal irritation test of dental materials using human oral mucosal models matched those of existing cytotoxicity tests, it seems that the oral mucosal test can be a good alternative method. The results of this study suggest that the oral mucosal irritation test employing the 3D human oral mucosal models can be an alternative test method for dental materials. And further validation studies are required in order to take advantage of this method in the future.

인체구강모델을 이용한 구강점막자극 동물대체시험법 개발

임혜림 ( Hye Rim Lim ),이정선 ( Jung Sun Yi ),김태성 ( Tae Sung Kim ),고경육 ( Kyung Yuk Ko ),안일영 ( Il Young Ahn ),김주환 ( Joo Hwan Kim ),이진하 ( Jin Ha Lee ),양송이 ( Song Yi Yang ),김광만 ( Kwang Mahn Kim ),손수정 ( Soo Jun 한국동물실험대체법학회 2015 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Ensuring the biological safety of dental materials is important, because people of all ages use them and they stay inside the mouth of a person for years once they are put into it. However, current oral irritation tests bring pain to animals, and there are no internationally accepted alternative test methods. In this study, we have developed a new method to test for oral irritation using three-dimensional (3D) human oral mucosal models in the light of growing needs for alternatives to animal testing in order to ensure the safety of dental materials. The commercially available 3D human oral mucosal models (EpiOral™, HOM™) were cultured, using normal oral epithelial cells, and histologically and phenotypically similar to native buccal tissues. Two controls and three dental materials that are widely used in dentistry were selected for testing. These included a polyethylene film (negative control), 1% Triton X-100 (positive control), resin, denture base resin and impression materials. These three dental materials were prepared according to manufacturers’ instructions, and were turned into 0.7-cm discs in diameter. And then, we directly placed the controls and the three dental materials on the top of each human oral mucosal model for 24 hours and measured tissue viability via the MTT assay and cytokine secretion. When cell viability is less than 50% or cytokine secretion is more than 250 pg/ml, a test material is evaluated as an irritant. The negative control, resin and denture base resin turned out non-irritants while the positive control and the impression materials irritants. Since the results of the oral mucosal irritation test of dental materials using human oral mucosal models matched those of existing cytotoxicity tests, it seems that the oral mucosal test can be a good alternative method. The results of this study suggest that the oral mucosal irritation test employing the 3D human oral mucosal models can be an alternative test method for dental materials. And further validation studies are required in order to take advantage of this method in the future.