포스트 코아와 치근 계면에서의 미세누출에 관한 연구

신지철,이선형,양재호,정헌영,Shin, Ji-Cheol,Lee, Sun-Hyung,Yang, Jae-Ho,Chung, Hun-Young 대한치과보철학회 1998 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Post and core is used to restore endodontically treated teeth, and it is a very important part which supplies retention and support to the prosthesis. But occasionally, caries occured due to the microleakage at the post and core and tooth interface, the failure of prosthesis has happened. In this study, the microleakage of cast gold post and core, amalgam core, and composite resin core was investigated and compared. The coronal part of the extracted upper anterior teeth were removed and endodontically treated with conventional method. The teeth were divided into three groups. In group 1, cast gold post and core was cemented with resin cement and in group 2, ready-made post was cemented with resin cement and amalgam core was built. In group 3, ready-made post was cemented with resin cement and composite resin core was built. All specimens were thermocycled between $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$ with dwell time of 15 seconds, and immersed in 0.5% aqueous solution of basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours. After embedded in the epoxy resin, the specimens were sectioned longitudinally and observed with stereomicroscope with the magnification of 25. From the findings of this study, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. There was microleakage at the core/tooth interface of all specimens. 2. The microleakage of gold post and core was significantly less than those of the other two groups. 3. There was no significant difference between the microleakage of amalgam core and that of composite resin core.

경직형 뇌성마비 아동의 초기 의사소통 행동 분석

박지은(Ji Eun Park),황민아(Min a Hwang),박은숙(Eun Sook Park),신지철(Ji Cheol Shin) 한국언어청각임상학회 2001 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.6 No.1

뇌성마비 아동의 의사소통특징을 살펴보기 위해, 구조화된 놀이상황에서 아동의 의사소통의도 표현의 전체빈도, 형식(제스추어, 발성), 기능(행동통제, 사회적 상호작용, 동시주의집중), 자음을 포함한 발성, 다음절발성, 낱말 및 낱말조합을 측정하여, 생활연령 일치대조군 및 인지수준 일치대조군과 비교하였다. 의사소통의도표현의 전체빈도는 집단간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 의사소통의도 표현형식 중 발성의 사용빈도가 생활연령 일치대조군 보다 뇌성마비군에서 더 낮았다. 의사소통기능은 집단간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 뇌성마비군과 인지수준 일치대조군 간에서의 의사소통의도 표현의 전체빈도는 차이가 없었지만 회귀분석 결과, 인지수준 일치대조군의 경우 인지발달점수와 의사소통의도 표현빈도간에 높은 선형관계를 보인 반면, 뇌성마비군에서는 이 둘간의 선형관계가 나타나지 않았다. 자음을 포함한 발성 및 다음절발 성, 낱말 사용빈도는 뇌성마비군이 생활연령 일치대조군 보다 더 낮았지만, 인지수준 일치대조군과는 유의한 차이가 없었다. We investigated the communicative behaviors of children with cerebral palsy (CP children) and two groups of normally dev e lop in g ch ildr en - ch ildr en with mat ch in g chr on olog ical ag e (CA ch ildr en ) an d ch ildr en with mat ch in g men t al ab ilit ies (MA ch ildr en ) . T h e t ot al fr e qu en cy , forms (g es tur e , v oc alizat ion ) , an d fun ct ions (b eh av ior alr e gulat ion , s ocial in t er a ct ion , j oin t at t en t ion ) of c ommun ic at iv e b eh av ior s wer e e x amin e d in s tr uctur e d p lays . In addit ion , th e differ en t typ es of v oc alizat ion (v o calizat ion with cons on ants , mult is y llab ic v ocalizat ions , wor ds , mult iwor ds ) of CP ch ildr en wer e c omp ar e d with th e two n ormal gr oups . T h er e wer e n o s ign ific an t differ en ces in th e t ot al fr e quen cy of c ommun icat iv e b eh av ior s b e twe en th e gr oups . In th e fr e quen cy of v o calizat ion , th e CP ch ildr en v o calize d s ign ific an t ly les s th an th e CA ch ildr en . T h e thr e e gr oups of ch ildr en wer e n ot s ignificant ly differ ent fr om on e an oth er in th e fr e quen cies of g es tur es . T h er e wer e n o s ignificant gr oup differ en ces in th e fun ct ions of c ommun ic at ion . Vo calizat ion with c ons on an ts , mults y llab ic v o - c alizat ion , an d th e fr e qu en cy of wor d us e wer e lower for th e CP ch ildr en wh en c omp ar e d with CA ch ildr en , b ut th er e wer e n o s ignificant differ en ces wh en comp ar e d with th e MA ch ildr en . Alth ough th e CP ch ildr en wer e n ot s ign ifican t ly differ en t fr om th e MA ch ildr en in th e t ot al fr e quen cy of commun ic at ion , a r e gr es s ion b e twe en th e ment al s k ills an d th e commun ic at iv e b eh av ior s of e a ch gr oup y ie lde d differ en t r es ults . On ly th e MA ch ildr en s h owe d lin e ar r e lat ion b e twe en th e two as p e cts wh ile th e CP ch ildr en did n ot.

말속도가 인공와우 청각장애인의 문장지각에 미치는 영향

신수진,신지철,윤미선,김덕용,Shin, Su-Jin,Shin, Ji-Cheol,Yoon, Mi-Sun,Kim, Duk-Young 한국음성학회 2006 음성과학 Vol.13 No.2

People tend to control their speech rate to help those with listening problems such as hearing impaired people. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of speech rate on the sentence perception by 10 adults with cochlear implantation. The sample speech included 42 sentences at normal, slow, and very slow speed focusing on the overall duration, vowel or pause duration. The subjects listened to the speech and wrote down what they heard. Each correct syllable of the content words in the sentence was counted to obtain the score. Partial points were given to the incomplete syllables. Results of this study were as follows: 1. The changes of speech rate had some influence on the sentence perception score by the cochlear implanted people. 2. In slow pause condition, the controlled speech rate had a positive effect on the perception score.

건청아동과 인공와우이식아동의 조음특성 비교

한지혜(Ji Hye Han),김향희(HyangHee Kim),배소영(So Yeong Pae),신지철(Ji Cheol Shin) 한국언어청각임상학회 2006 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.11 No.2

본 연구에서는 각 16명씩의 건청과 인공와우이식아동의 낱말위치, 조음방법, 조음위치에 따른 자음정확도와 음운변동을 비교하였다. 이를 위해 ‘아동용 한국어 조음검사’를 실시하여 인동와우이식아동과 자음정확도가 일치하는 건청 아동을 모집하고 낱말위치별, 조음방법별, 조음위치별 정확도를 각각 비교하였다. 음운변동은 인공와우이식아동 집단과 건청아동 집단에서 각 음운변동을 2회 이상 보인 아동 수와 출현빈도를 비교하고, 발달적 음운변동과 비발달적 음운변동을 보인 아동 수와 출현빈도를 비교하였다. 자음정확도에 따른 비교는 평균 자음정확도가 일치하는 인공와우이식아동과 건청아동을 80%의 전체 자음정확도를 기준으로 자음정확도가 높은 집단과 낮은 두 집단으로 나누어 발달적 음운변동과 비발달적 음운변동의 출현율을 비교하였다. 이에 따른 결과 및 해석은 다음과 같다. 자음정확도 비교는 조음방법 중 마찰음에서 인공와우이식아동이 건청보다 유의하게 높은 정확도를 보였다. 음운변동 비교에서 건청아동은 긴장음화에서 유의하게 높은 출현 빈도를 보인 반면 인공와우이식아동 집단은 긴장음과 대립되는 이완음화가 높은 출현 빈도를 보였다. 집단 간 음운변동 비교에서 건청아동 집단이 비발달적 음운변동을 거의 나타내지 않은 반면, 인공와우이식아동 집단은 초성생략, 이완음화, 성문음화, 탈비음화 등의 비발달적 음운변동이 나타났으며, 인공와우이식아동 집단에서도 자음정확도가 낮은 집단에서 유의하게 높은 빈도로 나타났다. In this study, we investigated the percentage of correct consonants(PCC) and phonological processes according to sound position within a word, manner of articulation, and place of articulation comparing normal children with children with cochlear implants(CI). Sixteen children with CI for more than one year and 16 normal children with consistent PCC were examined using the ‘Korean Test of Articulation for Children.’ The number of children with phonological processes more than twice and the frequency of occurrence in terms of phonological processes were investigated between the CI and the normal children. Also, the number of children with developmental or non-developmental phonological processes and the frequency of occurrence in terms of phonological processes were compared between the two groups. Each subject group of CI and normal children with consistent average PCC were further divided into two sub-groups: one with PCC above 80% and the other with PCC under 80%. Then, the developmental phonological processes and non-developmental phonological processes of these groups were subsequently compared. From a comparison of PCC, the CI children showed significantly higher PCC than the normal children in fricatives. From a comparison of phonological processes, the normal children significantly had higher frequency of tensing while the CI children had higher frequency of laxing, which is in contrast to tensing. From a comparison of phonological processes between the groups, the normal children rarely showed non-developmental phonological processes while the CI children showed various processes such as the omission of the initial syllable, lenition, glottalization, and denasalization. In particular, the group with CI and low PCC showed significantly higher frequency of non-developmental phonological processes.

우반구 손상 환자의 한글 실서증 특징

윤지혜,신지철,김덕용,서미경,김향희,Yoon, Ji-Hye,Shin, Ji-Cheol,Kim, Deog-Young,Suh, Mee-Kyung,Kim, Hyang-Hee 한국음성학회 2006 음성과학 Vol.13 No.3

In Hangeul, the graphemes of syllables are organized in horizontal, vertical and mixed (both horizontal & vertical) orientations, and the graphemic position of consonant(s) and vowel(s) within a each syllable needs to be maintained within a square pattern. We investigated the characteristics of writing errors of 9 stroke patients with right hemisphere (RH) lesions and compared it to the performances of 15 normal subjects. The subjects were asked to write to dictation of 90 Korean syllables. One of the interesting findings was that our patients manifested visuospatial errors which are not commonly observed in other language-speaking (e.g., English) patients due to the unique syllabic organizations of Korean writing system. The prominent errors in the RH group could be explained by the impaired RH which normally controls the visuospatial functions.

대화 상대자의 말속도 변화에 따른 말더듬 아동의 변화

이경재(Kyung Jae Lee),신지철(Ji Cheol Shin),김향희(Hyang Hee Kim),심현섭(Hyun Sub Sim) 한국언어청각임상학회 2003 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.8 No.3

본 연구에서는 대화상대자인 연구자가 아동보다 빠른 정상 성인의 조음속도, 아동과 유사한 조음속도, 아동보다 느린 조음속도로 상호작용을 하였을 경우 학령 전기 말더듬 아동의 조음속도와 전체 말속도, 말더듬 발생비율의 변화를 살펴보았다. 학령 전기 말더듬 아동 6명을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 대화 상대자의 조음속도 변화 시, 학령 전기 말더듬 아동의 조음속도와 전체 말속도에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 말더듬 발생비율은 대화 상대자의 조음속도에 따라 유의한 변화가 있었다. 대화 상대자의 세 가지 조음속도 상황 중에서, 아동보다 빠른 조음속도 상황과 아동보다 느린 조음속도 상황 사이, 아동과 유사한 조음속도 상황과 아동보다 느린 조음속도 상황 사이에는 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 그러나 대화 상대자의 조음속도가 아동보다 빠른 상황과 아동과 유사한 상황 간에는 학령 전기 말더듬 아동의 말더듬 발생비율의 차이가 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 대화 상대자가 조절하여 말더듬 아동보다 느린 말속도로 상호작용할 경우, 비록 학령 전기 말더듬 아동의 조음속도와 전체 말속도는 변화하지 않아도 말더듬 발생비율은 감소하였다는 것을 보여준다. This study investigated the changes of articulation rate, overall speech rate, and frequency of stutters of pre-school stuttering children in three conditions: (1) when the investigator's speech rate is faster than the child’s, (2) when the speech rates of the investigator and the child are the same, and (3) when the investigator’s speech rate is slower than the child’s. Six pre-school stuttering children participated in the research. The following results were obtained: (1) There were no significant changes in articulation rate and overall speech rate in all of the three conditions. (2) However, significant differences were found in the frequencies of stutters between conditions (1) and (3) and between conditions (2) and (3). The implication of the results of the study is that the slower speech rate of the conversational partner is a positively efficacious factor for reducing the frequency of stutters in the pre-school stuttering children.

유창성 실어증 환자의 자발화 이야기문법 특성

변주영(JooYoung Byun),신지철(Ji-Cheol Shin),김덕용(Deog Young Kim),김향희(HyangHee Kim) 한국언어청각임상학회 2009 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.14 No.2

배경 및 목적: 이야기 평가는 중요한 의사소통 평가의 한 구성요소로 여겨지는데, 이는 특정어휘나 문장을 이해하고 산출하는데 따른 언어적인 지식뿐만 아니라 인지적, 사회-정서적 능력 등이 평가될 수 있기 때문이다. 이야기 평가 방법 중, 이야기문법은 이야기에서 흔히 발견되는 규칙체계로 6가지 범주를 포함한다. 이 범주들을 적절히 사용하여 이야기 할 수 있는가는실어증 환자의 이야기 능력을 반영해주는 좋은 지표이다. 본 연구의 목적은 유창성 실어증환자의 이야기 만들기에서 이야기문법 특성을 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. 방법: 유창성 실어증환자 15명과 정상 성인 15명을 대상으로 ‘흥부와 놀부’ 동화이야기 그림을 보고 이야기 만들기를 통해 이야기문법을 살펴보았다. 두 군 간에 전체 이야기문법 점수, 이야기문법 하위범주별점수 및 사용률, 그리고 완전한 에피소드 수의 차이가 있는지를 분석하였다. 결과: 전체 이야기문법 점수, 이야기문법 하위범주별 점수, 그리고 완전한 에피소드 수에서 환자군이 정상군보다유의하게 낮은 점수를 보였다. 이야기문법 하위범주별 사용률에서는 내적반응과 반응 범주를제외하고 두 군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 실어증 환자군이 이야기의 핵심적인 이야기문법 지식과 이야기 구조 개념을 가지고 있긴 하나,정상군처럼 이야기를 의미적으로 정확하게 표현하지는 못함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 핵심적이고명시적인 정보는 잘 산출하지만, 덜 핵심적이고 암시적인 정보는 산출하기 어렵다는 것을 보여주었다. 환자들은 이야기문법 하위범주를 고르게 사용하지 못하기 때문에 이야기 전체 흐름을 더 방해하고 중단하게 하여 완전한 에피소드 산출을 어렵게 하였다고 판단된다. 결론적으로, 이야기문법을 통한 이야기 분석은 평가도구로서 유용하며, 치료 시 치료목표를 위계화하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 보인다 Background & Objectives: Evaluation of storytelling skills may provide information about the storytellers’ linguistic knowledge as well as cognitive and social-emotional abilities. One assessment method for storytelling, story grammar includes six sets of rules commonly found in stories. The adequate use of these six categories of story grammar provides insight into the abilities of aphasic patients. The purpose of this study was to examine story grammar in fluent aphasic patients through storytelling of a Korean folk tale, ‘Heung-bu and Nol-bu’. Methods: The subjects included 15 fluent aphasic patients with left-hemispheric stroke and 15 adults without any cognitive impairment. We compared story grammar total and subcategory scores, and the percentage of usage of six story grammars as well as the total number of episodes. Results: The aphasic groups had lower total story grammar scores , lower subcategory scores, and fewer total number of episodes. The two groups did not differ significantly within the subcategories with the exceptions of inner response and response. Discussion & Conclusion: Although aphasic patients may understand the concepts of story structure and core story grammar, they may demonstrate impaired abilities to explain stories in a meaningful way. Aphasic patients are able to provide explicit information but generally have difficulties providing implicit information

조음속도와 반응간격 조절에 따른 말더듬 발생비율의 변화

안정현(Jung Hyun Ahn),신지철(Ji Cheol Shin),김향희(Hyang Hee Kim),심현섭(Hyun Sub Sim) 한국언어치료학회 2009 言語治療硏究 Vol.18 No.4

This study investigated the change of eight CWS's dysfluencies according to modification of articulation rate and response latency time (RTL). The control situation consisted of a total of four subjects with normal articulation rate and normal RTL, normal articulation rate and long RTL, slow articulation rate and normal RTL, and slow articulation rate and long RTL. Also, the change of CWS's articulation rate and RTL was investigated.The results showed that the dysfluency frequency of all CWS tended to decrease in modification with slow articulation rate and long RTL more than the other control situations. There was no significant change in CWS's articulation rate and RTL even with modification of articulation rate and RTL. Based on these results, it is suggested to use slow articulation rate and long RTL to promote fluency of CWS not according to result by change of articulation rate and RTL but by time pressure.The results suggest that using slow articulation rate and long RTL helps promote CWS fluency in speech clinics. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that it provides the importance of observation and education of parent's articulation and RTL.

다문화가정 아동의 표현어휘능력 연구

이수정(Soo Jung Lee),신지철(Ji Cheol Shin),김향희(Hyang Hee Kim),김화수(Wha Soo Kim) 한국언어치료학회 2008 言語治療硏究 Vol.17 No.3

This study attempted to examine and compare expressive vocabulary ability of multicultural family children to normally developing children using the Korean-Boston Naming Test for Children(K-BNT-C). The subjects of this study were 26 multicultural family children and 105 normally developing children aged between 3 years, 6 months and 3 years, 11 months. Through this, we aimed to identify variables related to expressive vocabulary ability of the multicultural family children and to find the variable that has the highest effect on their expressive vocabulary ability.   The results were as follows. First, the K-BNT-C mean score of the multicultural family children was significantly lower than that of the normally developing children. Second, the K-BNT-C scores of the multicultural family children were in a significantly positive correlation with the mothers’ Korean-Boston Naming Test(K-BNT) scores, the children’s time spent at preschool education institutions, and the family’s income. From the results of regression analysis, the effect on expressive vocabulary ability of the multicultural family children was the highest for the mothers’ K-BNT scores with the number of children’s hours at preschool education institutions coming in second, but the effect of family income was insignificant. That is, expressive vocabulary ability of the multicultural family children was higher when the mother’s expressive vocabulary ability was high and when the children’s time spent at a preschool education institution was long.

경직형 뇌성마비아동의 말명료도 및 말명료도와 관련된 말 평가 변인

박지은(Park Jieun),김향희(Kim HyangHee),신지철(Shin Ji Cheol),최홍식(Choi Hong-Shik),심현섭(Sim Hyun-Sub),박은숙(Park Eun Sook) 한국음성학회 2010 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.2 No.4

The purpose of our study was to provide effective speech evaluation items examining the variables of speech that successfully predict the speech intelligibility in CP children. The subjects were 55 children with spastic type cerebral palsy. As for the speech evaluation, we performed a speech subsystem evaluation and a speech intelligibility test. The results of the study are as follows. The evaluation task for the speech subsystems consisted of 48 task items within an observational evaluation stage and three levels of severity. The levels showed correlations with gross motor functions, fine motor functions, and age. Second, the evaluation items for the speech subsystems were rearranged into seven factors. Third, 34 out of 48 task items that positively correlated with the syllable intelligibility rating were as follows. There were four items in the observational evaluation stage. Among the nonverbal articulatory function evaluation items, there were 11 items in level one. There were 12 items in level two. In level three there were eight items. Fourth, there were 23 items among the 48 evaluation tasks that correlated with the sentence intelligibility rating. There was one item in the observational evaluation stage which was in the articulatory structure evaluation task. In level one there were six items. In level two, there were eight items. In level three, there was a total number of eight items. Fifth, there was a total number of 14 items that influenced the syllable intelligibility rating. Sixth, there was a total number of 13 items that influenced the syllable intelligibility rating. According to the results above, the variables that influenced the speech intelligibility of CP children among the articulatory function tasks were in the respiratory function task, phonatory function task, and lip and chin related tasks. We did not find any correlation for the tongue function. The results of our study could be applied to speech evaluation, setting therapy goals, and evaluating the degree of progression in children with CP. We only studied children with the spastic type of cerebral palsy, and there were a small number of severe degree CP children compared to those with a moderate degree of CP. Therefore, when evaluating children with other degrees of severity, we may have to take their characteristics more into account. Further study on speech evaluation variables in relation to the severity of the speech intelligibility and different types of cerebral palsy may be necessary.