시험설비소개-열 전도율 시험기

김학환,Kim, Hak-Hwan 한국화재보험협회 1992 방재기술 Vol.13 No.-

마이크로셀 시험운용을 통한 통화품질 관련 파라메타 측정, 분석

김학환(Hak Hwan Kim),김성근(Seong Keun Kim),김일중(Il Joong Kim),신종환(Jong Hwan Shin) 한국통신학회 1994 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1994 No.7

엘리트 태권도지도자의 직무환경과 직무스트레스 및 프리젠티즘의 관계

김학환(Kim, Hak-Hwan) 세계태권도문화학회 2021 세계태권도문화학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among job environment, job stress and presentation of the elit taekwondo Instructor. For this study, elit taekwondo Instructor from 31st Minister of culture, sports and tourism Taekwondo competition and 50th Korea TaeKwonDo Association national Taekwondo competition were selected as a population, and a sample was collected from 200 elit taekwondo Instructor. Data acquired from 11 people were excluded due to inconsistency in their responses. A total of 189 data were used for the final analysis. In order to test the hypothesis, the collected data was processed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 23.0 programs to perform descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling, and obtained the following results. First, the job environment of the elit taekwondo Instructor had a significant positive effect on job stress. Second, the job environment of the elit taekwondo Instructor had a significant positive effect on presentationism. Third, the job stress of elit taekwondo Instructor had a significant positive effect on presentationism.

고등학교 선수의 번아웃 증후군과 공격성 및 반사회행동의 관계

김학환(Kim, Hak Hwan),최연호(Choi, Yeon ho),오시연(Oh, Si Yeon) 한국체육교육학회 2021 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.25 No.4

이 연구의 목적은 고등학교 운동선수들을 대상으로 번아웃 증후군과 공격성 그리고 반사회행동의 관계를 구조적으로 검증하는 것이었다. 연구 참여자는 대한체육회에 등록되어 있는 고등학생 선수 251명(남자 186명, 여자 65명)을 모집단으로 선정하였고 이들의 평균 연령은 5.98년(±1.72)이었다. 이들은 축구, 야구, 태권도, 유도 등 총 13개 종목에 참여하고 있었다. 자료는 온라인 설문조사를 이용하여 수집되었다. 수집된 자료는 데이터 클리닝 이후 기술통계, 상관분석, 그리고 구조방정식모형 분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 구조모형의 적합도 지수는 모두 양호하였고 다섯 가지 경로는 모두 유의하였다. 구체적으로 첫째, 번아웃은 공격성에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 번아웃은 동료 반사회행동과 상대 반사회행동에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 공격성은 동료 반사회행동과 상대 반사회행동에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 결론적으로, 이 연구는 스포츠에서 다루어지는 번아웃, 공격성, 그리고 반사회행동 간의 이론적 가설을 통계적으로 검증하였다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the structural relationship among burnout syndrome, aggression, and anti-social behavior of high school athletes. Method: The participants were 251 athletes (male 186, female 65) who resitered in Korean Olympic Committee (KOC) and their mean age was 5.98(±1.72). They were participating in a total of 13 sports, including soccer, baseball, taekwondo and judo. The data were collected by using online survey. After data cleaning, collected data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, correlation, and Structural Equaion Modeling (SEM). Results: As a result, the model fit indices of SEM were good and five paths were ststistically significant. Specifically, first, burnout had a positive effect on aggression. Second, burnout had a positive effect on team anti-social behavior and opponent anti-social behavior. Third, aggression had a begative effect on team anti-social behavior and opponent anti-social behavior. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study statistically identified the theoretical framework of burnout, aggression, and anti-social behavior in sport.

경로-목표이론을 적용한 태권도지도자의 리더십유형, 운동기대감, 운동성과의 관계

김학환 ( Kim Hakhwan ),고대선 ( Ko Daesun ) 한국체육학회 2020 한국체육학회지 Vol.59 No.4

본 연구에서는 경로-목표이론을 적용한 태권도지도자의 리더십유형, 운동기대감과 운동성과의 관계를 알아보고자 한다. 연구대상은 대학 태권도선수를 모집단으로 하여 선정하였고, 총 340명의 응답자료를 최종 분석에 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 통계프로그램은 Window용 SPSS 21.0 Version과 AMOS 20.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, Cronbach’s α, 기술통계분석, 구조방정식, 매개효과검증을 실시하였다. 이상의 방법을 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 리더십유형, 운동기대감, 운동성과에 관한 구조모형의 적합도는 매우 우수하게 나타나 모형이 적합하다는 것을 입증하였다. 둘째, 리더십유형과 운동성과의 관계에서 운동기대감은 부분매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 태권도선수들이 선호하는 경로-목표이론의 리더십유형을 파악할 수 있었고, 선수들이 운동성과를 얻기 위해서 선수개인이 노력해야 할 사항인 자기관리의 중요성을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among Taekwondo coaches’ leadership style, exercise expectation, and athletics outcomes that were established based on the path-goal theory. The subjects of this study were selected as college Taekwondo players, and a total of 400 responses were applied to the final analysis. The data collected from 340 university Taekwonde players. For analysis, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s α, correlation and structural equation modeling, mediated effect were used by the computer using the statistics program SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20. Through the above method, the following results were obtained. Firstly, the fit of the structural model on leadership style, exercise expectation, and athletics outcomes were excellent, and the model was suitable. Secondly, exercise expectation plays a part mediating role in the relationship between leadership style and athletics outcomes. Through this study, it was possible to grasp the leadership type of the path-goal theory preferred by Taekwondo players, and to find out the importance of self-management, which is an individual matter that athletes must strive to achieve athletic performance.

매도인의 하자담보책임에 있어서 하자의 개념 - 부동산매매에서 심리적 하자를 중심으로 -

김학환(Kim, Hack Hwan) 대한부동산학회 2011 大韓不動産學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

본고에서는 하자담보책임의 성립요건 중에서 하자의 개념과 종류를 살펴보고 특히 부동산거래에 있어서의 이른바 심리적 하자를 중심으로 검토하였다. 하자를 어떻게 이해하고, 그 개념을 구성하느냐 하는 문제는 하자담보책임의 규정을 적용하는데 있어서도 중요한 위치를 차지하게 된다. 부동산거래에 관여하는 매도인과 부동산중개업자의 하자담보책임, 손해배상책임에도 직접 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 한편 일본에서는 자살자가 년 간 3만 명을 넘어서고 있다. 우리나라에서도 최근 자살사건이 증가하고 있다. 자살율은 OECD 국가 중 우리나라가 1위를 차지하고 있다(2010년 기준). 그런데 이러한 자살 사건의 증가는 필연적으로 부동산거래에 있어서 심리적 하자에 관한 하자담보책임의 성립에 관한 다툼으로 이어지게 될 것이다. 부동산거래에 있어서도 자살이나 살인의 사실이 하자에 해당 하는지 여부가 실무상으로도 심각한 문제로 될 것이다. 따라서 심리적 하자에 관한 문제를 검토하는 것은 시의적절하고 의미 있는 일이라고 생각된다. 다만 우리나라에서는 아직까지 심리적 하자에 관한 판례나 학설상의 논의는 찾아볼 수 없다. 그런데 일본에서는 오래 전부터 특히 하급심에서 심리적 하자에 관한 판결이 집적되고 있다. 따라서 본고에서 심리적 하자에 관한 문제를 고찰함에 있어서는 일본의 판례를 소재로하여 검토하였다. 심리적 하자에 기하여 하자담보책임을 인정할 것이냐는 결국 개별 케이스별로 자살ㆍ 살인의 장소 및 사정, 토지ㆍ건물의 상황, 당해 부동산을 거래할 때까지의 경과기간, 이용목적, 지역성 등을 고려하여 종합적으로 판단하지 않을 수 없다. This study aimed to comprehend the concept and kinds of defects among the requirements for the establishment of the liability for warranty, especially it was examined focusing on so-called psychological defects of the real estate transactions. The issues that understanding of defects and composition of concept are occupy an important position for applying the provision of the liability for warranty. It has direct effects on the bargainor involved in the real estate transactions, the estate agent’s liability for warranty and liabilities for damages. The numbers of suicides past 30,000 people yearly in Japan, but in our country, the suicide cases are increasing recently. The suicide rate of our country is topped in OECD countries(Based on 2010). By the way, this increase of suicide case will be connected to dispute about establishment of liability for warranty for psychological defects in the real estate transactions necessarily. The issue whether the facts of suicide or murder are applicable for the defects or not will be the serious problem in practice in the real estate transactions. Therefore, to review the issues about the psychological defects is considered as a timely and meaningful thing. In our country, the precedent or discussion on theory about psychological defects cannot be found yet. But in Japan, especially the decision on psychological defects is being integrated at the lower courts for a long time. Accordingly, this study examined issues on the psychological defects by considering the precedents in Japan as subject matter. The recognition of liability for warranty by ensuring the psychological defects cannot help judging overall by considering the places and circumstances of suicideㆍmurder, circumstance of landㆍbuilding, elapsed time until dealing proper real estate, purpose of use and locality etc. by individual case eventually.

부동산임대차에 있어서 원상회복의무에 관한 고찰

김학환(Kim, Hack-Hwan) 대한부동산학회 2012 大韓不動産學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

부동산임대차계약을 하는 경우 계약서에는 거의 예외 없이 임차인에게 원상회복의무를과하는 조항을 두고 있다. 그러나 원상회복은 임대차계약이 종료되어 목적물을 반환할 때 문제되므로 구체적으로 원상회복에 소요되는 비용을 파악하기 어려운 상황에 있다. 또한 거래관행상 원상회복에 관해서는 체크리스트를 작성하는 방법으로 원상회복의 기준이 되는 원상이 무엇인지를 분명히 하지 않고 있다. 이와 같은 사정이라면 원상회복의무의 발생과 범위, 보증금반환과 명도 등을 둘러싸고 향후 임대인과 임차인 사이에 분쟁이 발생할 가능성이 높다. 그러나 민법에서는 임차인에게 원상회복의무가 있음을 간단히 규정하고 있기 때문에 구체적 사안에서 분쟁의 해결의 기준이 될 수 있을 것인지가 문제된다. 또한 일본의 판례와 마찬가지로 우리의 하급심 판결에서도 이른바 통상의 손모에 관해서는 임차인이 원상회복을 할 대상이 아니라고 해석하고 있다. 그러나 이와 관련하여 독일 민법과 미국의 일부 주법에서는 통상의 손모에 관해서 명문의 규정을 하고 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 부동산임대차계약서상 원상회복조항과 실무상 및 현행법상 문제점, 특히 통상의 손모를 중심으로 한 비교법적 고찰, 임차인의 원상회복의무의 의미와 내용 에 관하여 고찰하였으며, 통상의 손모에 관한 원상회복특약에 관해서도 검토하고, 분쟁해결을 위한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 향후 원상회복을 둘러싼 분쟁에 대비하기 위해서는 민법 개정시 원상회복의 범위 등을 규정하는 방향으로 개정할 필요가 있고, 이와 더불어 분쟁의 사전예방을 위해 일본에서와 같은 원상회복에 관한 가이드라인을 마련하고, 부동산거래실무에서도 임대차계약서를 작성할 때 원상회복에 관한 체크리스트를 작성하는 등 거래관행을 개선하는 것이 바람직다. The real estate lease contracts without exception contain the clause that a legal obligation of the restoration to an original condition shall be imposed to the lessee. The restoration becomes an issue when the real estate is returned due to the termination of lease contract. However, it is difficult to figure out the cost of restoration. In addition, the check list of the real estate is not prepared in accordance with the tradition of lease contract in Korea; hence, no absolute standard of the restoration is established. Like Japan s precedent cases, judgments of lower-court trial in Korea take a limited interpretation of a special contract which recognizes the lessee s legal obligation of the so-called ordinary wear on the real estate in that the wear is not the object the lessee must restore. This can lead to a high possibility of the future s disputes between the lessor and the lessee over he occurrence and scope of legal obligation of the restoration, the return of deposit security, and the surrender of real estate. So, this research analyzed the clauses regarding the restoration to an original condition in the real estate lease contracts. We mainly investigated recent legal obligations of the restoration in Japan from a perspective of comparative law and considered the lessee s legal obligations of the restoration. We examined the relevant special contracts of the restoration regarding the so-called ordinary wear on the real estate. It is required to establish guidelines for the restoration to an original condition, such as Japan s, in order to prevent the future s disputes over the clauses of the restoration. For real estate transactions, it is desirable to prepare the check list of the real estate when the real estate lease contract is drawn up.

토지거래허가와 토지거래계약의 효력에 관한 연구

김학환(Kim, Hack Hwan) 한국부동산학회 2009 不動産學報 Vol.39 No.-

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES According to the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, the area for land transaction permission held 8.39 percent in the entire national lands at the end of October 2009. This Article develops the unified theoretical framework for a harmonious interpreting between the transaction practices and the restriction of regulation. (2) RESEARCH METHOD The study confined is confined to a description and a examination of the effect of transaction contract in the area for land transaction permission, without going into detail and without offering for the system of land transaction permission. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS In the area for land transaction permission, people must get government prior permission to enter into a Land Transaction Contract. NATIONAL LAND PLANNING AND UTILIZATION ACT art. 118. par. 6 provides that any lad transaction contract thet has been concluded without obtaining the permission shall not take any effect. The problem dealt with in this article under the effect and it's legal relation of the land transaction contract without obtaining the permission are complex and controversial. The Supreme Court held that the currently void theory implies that the effect of the land transaction contract without obtaining the permission is retroactively valid starting on the date of the signing of contract, and that the currently void changes definite validity, if one gets the permission after the land transaction contract. On this view the question to ask. especially in transaction practices. whether the parties this contract would not be specifically enforceable. Many writers criticizes a currently void theory. Another body of opinion holds that the contract without obtaining the permission can be effected. This view seems that the validity of contract can be explained with terms of the contract. 2. RESULTS The land transaction permission drafted with the aim of curbing realty speculation. It therefore seems that the effect of transaction contract without obtaining the permission can be interpreted in relation to the Report on transaction of Real Estate. Indeed, this is implied by the Report on transaction of Real Estate, which requirer that a actual sale prices should be report at the time signing the sales agreement. Despite of a actual concluding contract, it is undesirable to report after the permission.

부동산거래신고제도의 쟁점

김학환(Kim, Hack Hwan) 韓國不動産學會 2009 不動産學報 Vol.39 No.-

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES It is generally agreed that the Report on transaction of Real Estate is contributed to improve transparency in real estate markets. Already this Report has been evoked much debate during legislation procedure. This Article reviews controversial questions of the Report on transaction of Real Estate (2) RESEARCH METHOD For the research, I have consulted examining reports, legislation and judicial materials rather than textbook. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS In Korea, a broker who has prepared and delivered a contract document, shall report the real transaction price of such real estate, etc. and other matters prescribed by the Presidental Decree the head of Si/Gun/Gu having jurisdiction over the location of the real estate subject to purchase and sale(in the case of the purchase and sale contract on the title, referring to the real estate subject to such title) within 60days from the date when the contract has been concluded(from BUSINESS AFFAIRS OF LICENSED REAL ESTATE AGENTS AND REPORT OF REAL ESTATE TRANSACTION ACT art. § 27). It is generally agreed that the Report on transaction of Real Estate is contributed to improve transparency in real estate markets. One of the most controversial questions is an unconstituionality issue. But the Constituional Court of Korea has decided constitutionality of this Report. 2. RESULTS Neverthless, it has been argued that this Report System should not be accepted to the brokerage industry. Besides on unconstituionality issue, there are some debates on dualizing system according to the transaction report under art. § 80-2 of the Housing Act, verifying method to a inaccurate price reported etc;, detaching this Report system from the BUSINESS AFFAIRS OF LICENSED REAL ESTATE AGENTS AND REPORT OF REAL ESTATE TRANSACTION ACT, simplifying to report procedure, practical using reported matters, altering of real estate registration, and offering incentive for real estate brokers. I argue that the reason given by the Constitutional Court for constitutional adjunction is questioned in public. I also argue that the difference of the reporting period between real transaction from BUSINESS AFFAIRS OF LICENSED REAL ESTATE AGENTS AND REPORT OF REAL ESTATE TRANSACTION ACT and housing transaction from Housing Act is not appropriate.

공인중개사의업무 및 부동산거래신고에 관한 법률의 개정과 문제점

김학환(Kim, Hack-Hwan) 대한부동산학회 2006 大韓不動産學會誌 Vol.24 No.1

The main issue of revised Business Affairs of Licensed Real Estate Agents and Report of Real Estate Transactions Act are as follows; A printed real-name of Real Estate Broker on the signboard will be prohibited from illegal transaction and acquired credibility from clients. A report duty of transaction price will include sale right and habitable right as well as acquisitive right of real estate. In case of doubting whether the reported transaction price is true or false, relative government officer will be authorized to investigate the report. The reporting period of transaction price will be extended from 30days of closing date to 60days that reduce the obligation of reporter. A prescriptive system of administrative measure will be executed for the benefit of administrative credibility and legal stability. There are various views and opinions during the legislative procedure for the revision. Particularly, the important question of the real-name signboard system remains how far, or how rigidly, thar this rule is to be applied.