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Gwak Eunseon,Kim Taemi,Shin Ju-Young,Choi Nam-Kyong,Han Seungbong,Lee Ji Yeon,Choe Young June,Choe Seung-Ah 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.41
Background: We aimed to assess the risk of maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and early abortive outcomes after the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination during the preconceptional period and preclinical pregnancy, which are likely to be inadvertent vaccination. Methods: We used data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency-COVID19- National Health Insurance Service cohort from December 2020 to December 2021. The vaccinated pregnant women were matched to unvaccinated pregnant controls at a 1:4 ratio. The risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and intensive care unit (ICU) admission within 14 days of infection were analyzed to assess its effectiveness. For safety measures, the adjusted relative risks (aRRs) of early abortive outcomes for the first COVID-19 vaccination during the preconceptional and preclinical periods were calculated considering covariates. We compared the risk of early abortion between mRNA and viral vector vaccines. Results: The overall COVID-19 vaccination rates during the preconceptional period and preclinical pregnancy were 3.1% (6,662/215,211) and 2.6% (5,702/215,211), respectively. The cumulative incidence of ICU admission within 14 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 6/100,000 in the unvaccinated group, whereas there were no ICU admissions in the vaccinated groups. The risks of early abortive outcomes were not significantly different between the preconceptional vaccination group and the unvaccinated group (aRR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI],0.99–1.10) or between preclinical pregnancy vaccination and their matched controls (1.02; 95% CI, 0.96–1.08). mRNA and viral vector vaccines have shown similar risks for early abortive outcomes and miscarriages. Conclusion: Our findings have provided compelling evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccination prior to and during early pregnancy. Further research is required to extend the safety and efficacy profiles of COVID-19 vaccines to pregnant women and their babies.
The current status of breeding research in Lolium genus
Nam Dong-Geon,Gwak Sang-Cheol,Baek Eun-Seong,Lee Yun-Ho,Choi Bo Ram,Hwang Tae-Young 한국작물학회 2023 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.26 No.5
Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.; IRG), an important Lolium species, is mainly cultivated in South Korea, Japan, China, and used as forage (pastes, hay, silage). Another important species of Lolium are perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.; PRG), which is cultivated in Europe, United States of America, Australia, and New Zealand. The main character of the genus Lolium, which includes IRG and PRG, is its palatability; however, Lolium species exhibit summer depression during hot summers. The breeding goal of Festulolium, an interspecific and generic hybridization product of Lolium and Festuca, is to overcome the shortcomings of Lolium species. As such, pasture breeding is same varieties because polycrossing methods are used as five or more genetic resources, but there are some differences within the individual varieties. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are used to investigate the geographical origins, ploidy levels, biological status, donor information, and flowering seasons of these varieties. Genetic markers are also used to construct linkage maps. Based on linkage map analyses, studies of Lolium quantitative trait loci (QTL) contributed to the breeding of varieties with improved tolerance or resistance to biological and non-biological stress factors. In this study, we summarize recent studies on the cultivation status of IRG in South Korea, linkage mapping of Lolium, and associated QTL analyses. We also discuss interspecific and generic hybridization of Lolium and Festuca.
척수손상 후 척수 내 Ionotropic Glutamate 수용기 활성화가 중추 신경병증성 통증 유발에 미치는 영향
곽영섭(Young Seob Gwak),심범(Beom Shim),윤덕미(Duck Mi Yoon),남택상(Taick Sang Nam),백광세(Kwang Se Paik),임중우(Joong Woo Leem) 대한통증학회 2002 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.15 No.1
N/A Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces the development of central neuropathic pain which is characterized by symptoms such as allodynia, hyperalgesia, and spontaneous pain. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. This study was conducted to see if activation of the glutamatergic system in the spinal dorsal horn is involved in the development of central pain following SCI. Methods: SCI was induced by a hemisection of the spinal cord at T13 in adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats. Mechanical allodynia was tested by measuring paw withdrawal frequency in response to repeated applications of a von Frey hair to the plantar surface of the hind paw. Single neuronal activity of dorsal horn neurons (L4-L6) was recorded extracellularly using a carbon filament-filled glass microelectrode (2-4 Mℓ). The drugs were intrathecally and topically administrated on the spinal surface for behavioral and electrophysisological study, respectively. Results: After left spinal hemisection at T13, behavioral signs of mechanical allodynia developed on both hind limbs and the responsiveness of spinal dorsal horn neurons increased on both sides of the spinal dorsal horn. Ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists including MK-801 (NMDA receptor antagonist) and NBQX (non-NMDA receptor antagonist) suppressed mechanical allodynia and increased responsiveness on both hind paws. Metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist MCPG, however, had no significant effect. Conclusions: These results indicate that activation of the ionotropic, but not metabotropic, glutamatergic system in the spinal cord plays a key role in the development of central pain following SCI.
곽창민영(Gwak Chang Min Young),김남숙(Kim Nam Suk),이미연(Lee Miyeon) 한국장애학회 2018 한국장애학 Vol.3 No.1
본 연구는 낯선 환경과 문화권에서 장애자녀를 양육하며 이중적 소외를 경험하고 있는 다문화가정 부모, 특히, 여성결혼이민자의 장애자녀 양육과 교육, 그리고 지원 프로그램 참여 등의 경험에 대해 알아보고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 장애자녀를 둔 다문화가정의 부모를 대상으로 하여 이들이 경험하는 어려움을 관련 문헌을 통해 조사하였으며, 이 연구결과를 바탕으로 장애자녀를 둔 여성결혼이민자 및 다문화가정이 직면한 어려움에 대한 이해와 효과적 지원방안 및 정책 등을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of multicultural family parents, especially women married immigrants, who are raising handicapped children in unfamiliar environment and cultures and participating in education and support programs. For this purpose, this study investigated the difficulties experienced by parents of multicultural families with children with disabilities through the literatures. Based on the results of this study, it was found that understanding of the difficulties faced by women married immigrants and multicultural families with children with disabilities Effective support measures and policies were discussed.
Indentation size effect for spherical nanoindentation on nanoporous gold
Kim, Young-Cheon,Gwak, Eun-Ji,Ahn, Seung-min,Kang, Na-Ri,Han, Heung Nam,Jang, Jae-il,Kim, Ju-Young Elsevier 2018 Scripta materialia Vol.143 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We find that the indentation size effect (ISE) occurs during spherical indentation on nanoporous gold (np-Au). The hardness increases as the indenter radius decreases at a fixed representative strain. We prepare np-Au samples with a ligament size of 26nm by free-corrosion dealloying and perform multiple spherical nanoindentations with nominal indenter radii of 4, 12, and 50μm. A nanomechanics model for the ISE during spherical indentation is developed, and the model accurately describes the hardness depending on the indenter radius. We also correlate the ISE trends of spherical and Berkovich indentations along with their differences in terms of the representative strain and the indentation work.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Indentation size effect in nanoporous gold
Kim, Young-Cheon,Gwak, Eun-Ji,Ahn, Seung-min,Jang, Jae-il,Han, Heung Nam,Kim, Ju-Young Elsevier 2017 Acta materialia Vol.138 No.-
<P>We find that hardness of nanoporous gold (np-Au) measured by nanoindentation tends to increase with decreasing indentation depth, similar to the indentation size effect (ISE) in solid materials. While ISE in solid materials is attributed to a local increase in density of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs), the origin of ISE in np-Au has not been studied systematically. We prepare four np-Au samples with ligament sizes of 26, 73,126, and 630 nm by free corrosion dealloying and post heat treatments. For the normalized hardness (hardness/macroscopic hardness) vs normalized indentation depth (indentation depth/three times ligament size), we find that the ISE trends for three np-Au samples of ligament sizes 26, 73, and 127 nm are almost identical, while an enhanced ISE is shown for np-Au with greatest ligament size, 630 nm. We investigate ISE in np-Au based on nanomechanics model for nanoindentation on np-Au with a sharp indenter, uniaxial compression and pure shear testing for np-Au. (C) 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Lee, Jeeyeon,Gwak, Eunji,Ha, Jimyeong,Kim, Sejeong,Lee, Soomin,Lee, Heeyoung,Oh, Mi-Hwa,Park, Beom-Young,Oh, Nam Su,Choi, Kyoung-Hee,Yoon, Yohan Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.6
The objective of this study was to describe the growth patterns of Staphylococcus aureus in combinations of NaCl and $NaNO_2$, using a probabilistic model. A mixture of S. aureus strains (NCCP10826, ATCC13565, ATCC14458, ATCC23235, and ATCC27664) was inoculated into nutrient broth plus NaCl (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75%) and $NaNO_2$ (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 ppm). The samples were then incubated at 4, 7, 10, 12 and $15^{\circ}C$ for up to 60 d under aerobic or vacuum conditions. Growth responses [growth (1) or no growth (0)] were then determined every 24 h by turbidity, and analyzed to select significant parameters (p<0.05) by a stepwise selection method, resulting in a probabilistic model. The developed models were then validated with observed growth responses. S. aureus growth was observed only under aerobic storage at $10-15^{\circ}C$. At $10-15^{\circ}C$, NaCl and $NaNO_2$ did not inhibit S. aureus growth at less than 1.25% NaCl. Concentration dependency was observed for NaCl at more than 1.25%, but not for $NaNO_2$. The concordance percentage between observed and predicted growth data was approximately 93.86%. This result indicates that S. aureus growth can be inhibited in vacuum packaging and even aerobic storage below $10^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, $NaNO_2$ does not effectively inhibit S. aureus growth.