수학자 보재 이상설(李相卨)의 근대자연과학 수용 -『백승호초(百勝胡艸)』를 중심으로-

이상구 ( Sang Gu Lee ),박종윤 ( Chong Yun Park ),김채식 ( Chae Sik Kim ),이재화 ( Jae Hwa Lee ) 한국수학교육학회 2013 수학교육논문집 Vol.27 No.4

본 논문은 한국 근대수학교육의 아버지 이상설(李相卨, 1870-1917)이 자연과학―물리학―에 기여한 내용을 다루고있다. 이상설은 ?수리(數理)?를 쓴 시기를 전후하여, 같은 시기에 붓으로 총 8면에 걸쳐 『백승호초(百勝胡艸)』라는이름의 고전물리학 원고를 써서 남겼다. 분석결과 이 책의 원전은 1879년에 동경제대 의학부 교재로 발간된 『물리학(物理學)』이다. 이상설은 『백승호초』에서 먼저 개념을 정의하고, 일상에서 나타난 대표적 현상을 선록하여 한문으로번역하였고, 『물리학』의 전체 분량에서도 특히 ‘통유성(通有性)’에 중점을 두고 설명하였다. 동양에서 서양의 수리과학이 들어와야만 말할 수 있는 ‘질량보존의 법칙’, ‘타성(惰性, 관성)’과 같은 고전물리학의 중요개념을 포함하는 내용이 19세기 말에 이미 이 책에 소개된 것으로 보아 이상설은 당대의 다른 저술에서 보기 힘들 정도로 당시 일반물리학의 최고수준의 원서를 통해 최신 정보를 수용하고 전파하기 위하여 노력하였음을 볼 수 있다. Sang-Seol Lee(1870-1917) wrote a manuscript BaekSeungHoCho(百勝胡艸) in the late 19th century. BaekSeungHo-Cho was transcribed in classical Chinese from the 1879 Japanese book Physics(物理學) by Teizo Ihimori (1851-1916). Sang-Seol Lee, a famous independence activist, is also called Father of the Modern Mathematics Education of Korea,because of his early contribution to the modern mathematics education in the 19th century. In this paper, we introduce contents of his manuscript BaekSeungHoCho for the first time and discuss the significance of this book. Also, we show his constribution on the introduction to modern physics in the late 19th century Korea.

傷寒論에 대한 精神醫學的 硏究

文相泰,辛容玹,具炳壽 대한한방신경정신과학회 2000 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was aimed to get the course which is caused by Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Sang-Han. Therefore this study is based on 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門.傷寒』) classfied mainly by symptoms. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門. 傷寒』) are explained as Pal-Gang(八綱), which shows those are settled down to a systematic oriental medical theory. 2. Pal-Bup (八法) used in the cure of symptomatische psychose in 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門. 傷寒』), which is intended to boost the effect of cure, choosing the respondent cure method about various causes. 3. Pal-Gang(八綱) and Pal-Bup(八法) in『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門·傷寒』) are improved by Lee-Chun(李 ) who added Jang-gi(張機)'s Sang Han theory and new medical thought in the ages of Geum. Won. 4. Lee-Chun(李 ) believed that Neuropsychiatric symptoms which appeared in Sang Hang is caused by the "Unbalance(不平)". So he wanted to reach harmony of "Jeong(精), QI(氣), Shin(神), Hyul(血)" after improving the status of "Unbalance(『不平』)" toward the status of "Balance(平)".

수학자 이상설이 소개한 근대자연과학: <식물학(植物學)>

박영민 ( Young Min Park ),김채식 ( Chae Sik Kim ),이상구 ( Sang Gu Lee ),이재화 ( Jae Hwa Lee ) 한국수학교육학회 2011 수학교육논문집 Vol.25 No.2

본 원고는 2004년 과학사학자 박성래 교수가 독립 운동가이자 한국 근대 수학교육의 아버지로 부르기 시작한 보재 이상설(李相卨, 1870-1917)이 자연과학에 기여한 내용을 다루고 있다. 한국수학사학회지 2009년 11월 호에 자세히 소개된 〈數理〉를 쓴 시기를 전후하여, 같은 시기에 이상설이 붓으로 쓴 것으로 여겨지는 〈植物學>(이상설, 1899)은 총 4면의 초록 필사본이며, 그 대본(臺本)은 〈植物學啓蒙〉 (Edkins, 1886)으로 영국의 Joseph Edkins(艾約瑟, 1823-1905)가 번역하여 1886년에 간행한 〈西學啓蒙〉 16종 가운데 하나이다. 이상설의 〈植物學>은 이 〈植物學啓蒙〉을 읽으면서 그 책의 내용 중 당시의 조 선 학자가 모르고 있던 새로운 내용을 중심으로 메모를 한 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 전통산학과 근대서양수학을 연결하는 〈數理〉를 저술했으며. 우리나라의 정규 교과과정에 수학과 과학을 필수과목으로 지정하고, 첫 번째 수학교과서 〈산術新書〉를 발간함으로 당대 최고의 수학자로 평가된 이상설이 쓴 〈植物學〉을 발굴하여 그 내용과 의미를 최초로 분석한다, 이를 통하여 당시 조선의 서양 과학, 특히 식물학에 대한 이해 수준을 분석하고 〈植物學〉의 원전인 〈植物學啓蒙〉 과 <西學啓蒙〉의 저자에 대하여 알아본다. 이는 당시 수학교육자가 자연과학분야에 행한 교육적 기여를 이해 하는데 필수적인 연구이다. This paper deals with contents that Sang-Seol Lee contributed to the natural science in the 19th century Korea. Prof. Sung-Rae Park, the science historian, called Sang-Seol Lee Father of the Modern Mathematics education of Korea. Sang-Seol Lee wrote a manuscript Botany with a brush in late 19th century. Botany was transcribed from Science Primers: Botany (written by J. D. Hooker), which is translated into Chinese by Joseph Edkins in 1886. The existence of Sang-Seol Lee`s book Botany was not known to Korean scientists before. In this paper, we study the contents of Botany and its original text. Also we analyze people`s level of understanding Western sciences, especially botany at that time. In addition, we study authors of 16 Primers for Western Knowledge. We study the contribution of mathematician Sang-Seol Lee to science education in the 19th century Korea.

한국 근대수학교육의 아버지 이상설(李相卨)이 쓴 19세기 근대화학 강의록 『화학계몽초(化學啓蒙抄)』

Son, Yongkeun,Kim, Chae Sik,Lee, Sang-Gu,Lee, Jae Hwa 강원경기수학회 2012 한국수학논문집 Vol.20 No.4

본 원고는 한국 근대 수학교육의 아버지 이상설(李相卨, 1870-1917)이 자연과학-화학-에 기여한 내용을 다루고 있다. 이상설은 "수리(數理)"를 쓴 시기를 전후하여, 같은 시기에 붓으로 총 46쪽에 달하는 "화학계몽초(化學啓蒙抄)"를 필사하였다. 분석해 본 결과 그 원전은 영국인 H. E. Roscoe(羅斯科, 1833-1915)가 1876년 발간한 Science Primers: Chemistry를 영국인 선교사 Joseph Edkins(艾約瑟, 1823-1905)가 번역하여 1886년에 간행한 "화학계몽(化學啓蒙)"으로 "서학계몽(西學啓蒙)" 16종 가운데 하나이다. Sang-Seol LEE wrote a manuscript HwaHakGyeMongCho(化學啓蒙抄) in the late 19th century. HwaHakGyeMongCho was transcribed from Science Primers: Chemistry (written by H. E. Roscoe), which is translated into Chinese by Joseph Edkins in 1886. LEE did not copy original writing exactly, but he understood the contents of each chapter and sections, then summarized and edited them in his caligraphic writing. In this paper, we introduce the contents for the first time and discuss the significance of this book.

이상설 : 한국 근대수학교육의 아버지

설한국,이상구,Seol, Han-Guk,Lee, Sang-Gu 한국수학사학회 2009 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.22 No.3

본 논문은 한국수학사에서 연구와 정리가 취약한 시기인 근대수학의 도입기를 조사하면서, 그 근대수학의 도입기에서 만나게 되는 인물인 이상설(李相卨)에 대한 조명을 시도한다. 시대적 상황이 모든 분야의 침체기를 가져온 구한말 이상설은 근대수학에서 당대를 대표하는 높은 학식을 쌓고 뛰어난 재능을 보여주었다. 그간 이상설에 대해 '근대수학교육의 아버지'라는 평가가 없지 않았음에도 불구하고 낯설게 느껴진다면, 그것은 그가 독립운동가로만 강하게 각인된 탓일 것이다. 하지만 그는 19세기말 조선 근대수학의 첫 번째 교과서 편저자이자 수학교사이기도 했음을 새겨둘 필요가 있다. 대유학자이면서도 선구적으로 외국어와 서양과학 특히 근대 서양수학을 이해한 면모는 한국이 배출한 천재 중 하나라는 평가가 결코 과장이 아님을 보여준다. 이에 본 논문에서는 한국 근대수학교육에 커다란 기여를 한 인물인 이상설의 교육과 학문 및 실천업적을 조명한다. 보재 이상설이 1886년경에 쓴 책 <수리>와 최초로 수학과 과학을 관립교육기관의 교육과정에 편성한 과정, 최초의 근대수학교과서로 여겨지는 <산술신서>의 발간, 민족교육기관인 '서전서숙'의 설립 및 운영을 포함한 보재의 업적을 한국수학사 관점에서 조명한다. 또한 <산술신서>의 목차와 구체적인 내용 및 1901년에 출간된 <신정산술>의 내용을 소개하고, 지금까지 부정확하게 알려진 <수리>와 <산술신서>에 관한 몇 가지 역사적 사실을 발굴하여 재조명한다. Most who have heard of Sang-Seol Lee know him for his contribution to the Korean independence movement nearly a hundred years ago. This paper, however, will discuss Lee's other great contribution to his country; that of being "The father of modern mathematical education in Korea". Lee passed the rigorous government officer examination with the highest honor and became a teacher for the royal prince. Later he became the president of Sunkyunkwan, a national institute of higher learning since 1398, and eventually a well-known university bearing the same name. Lee was also a highly regarded Confucian scholar and well versed in foreign languages. He wanted Korea to become a modern country and felt that the areas of science and engineering were studies that needed improving in order to achieve modernization. While researching Western textbooks on the subjects he realized that Western mathematics would be especially important for Korea. With that, it became his mission to integrate Western mathematics into the Korean educational system. This paper will explain the importance of Sang-Seol Lee's contributions to mathematic education in Korea and how it helped Korea become the modern nation it is today.

韓國茶詩에 表現된 禪思想에 관한 硏究

鄭相九(Sang-Gu Jeong) 한국차학회 1995 한국차학회지 Vol.1 No.1

1. Introduction One of important causes of ascendancy of drinking tea during the time of Western Chin and North dynasty had the deep relation with pure and mental culture life and drinking tea of monks, and it was demonstrated that the great development of tea had deeper relation with Zen of the Zen sect during Tang age and also it was demonstrated that there was a doctrine, "Tea and Zen are the same taste." in the book entitled "Nan Pu Hsin Shu"by Ch'ien I during Sung age. and, the "Tea Drinking Method" by Chao Chou was demonstrated by citing the ancient happening of "Chao Chou-Ch'ing-Cha". 2. In the "What is Zen?", it was demonstrated that Zen was originated from the "Seon-na" of transliteration of "Dhyana" of Sanskrit language, which was shifted to "sayusu" or "Jeongryo" etc. and "It means thinking by concentrating one's mind on one object." And, it was emphasized that Zen has equal fixation and wisdom. 3. In the "A Study on Zen idelogy expressed on Korean tea poetry," the followings were deeply analyzed and appreciated, which was demon-strated: (1) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Lee, Kyubo. (2) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Won-gram, the highest monk. (3) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Jinjong, the highest monk. (4) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Jinkak, the highest monk. (5) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Lee, saek. (6) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Lee, sung-in. (7) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Choeui, Zen master. (8) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Seosan, great Buddhist priest. (9) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Samyong, a great Bud-dhist priest. (10) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Jeong, Da-san. (11) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Kim, Myong-hui. (12) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Shin, wi. (13) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Lee, sang jeok. (14) Zen ideology expressed on tea poetry by Beomhae, Zen master. 4. Conclustion In case that tea-Zen culture makes man sincerely, it was emphasized that it is the most valuable spiritual culture with substantial value, and that it is the way to obtain the righ awareness which effects as the fun-damental and substantial invisible strength.

소하천의 저수량 산정에 관한 연구

이상구,유상호,오상용,민일규,민병형 東亞大學校 海洋資源硏究所 2002 硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.1

To strand river capital planning, flow situation like low-flow in small rivers used to be calculated as the ratio of area by flow situation in other large rivers. Which is because the small rivers don't have a survey about the small watershed area water-level and discharge. Therefore, this study has examined the low-flow estimation computerizing the dearth water discharge amount in small rivers. The low-flow statistics which is calculated by independent variables of the watershed area(A), the average basin slope(S), the void ratio(V), the volume of pores(V_f), the mountain ratio(M) and the year average amount of rainfall(R) is as follows. Q=0.00245 A^0.516 S^-0.024 V^0.014_f M^-0.061 R^0.079

조선시대 산서(算書) 연구 -규장각 소장 산서 연구의 분석을 중심으로-

이상구 ( Sang Gu Lee ),이재화 ( Jae Hwa Lee ) 한국수학교육학회 2011 수학교육논문집 Vol.25 No.1

수학교육과 수학사 사이의 관계는 HPM(History and Pedagogy of Mathematics)을 통하여 그 중요성이 강조되어 왔고, 최근에는 한국수학사 내용을 수학교육에 반영하는 도서의 출판과 실제 교육현장에서 활용된 다양한 소개가 있었다. 수학사 연구에서 사료 연구가 가장 기초적이고 중요함에도 우리나라의 산서사료에 관한 연구는 그간 충분하게 이루어지지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 최근 규장각 소장의 조선 산서에 대한 연구 결과를 소개하고, 선행 연구에서 있었던 오류를 수정한다. HPM(History and Pedagogy of Mathematics) become an important issue to us now. Study on old Korean mathematics books were made recently. We study mathematics books in Kyujanggak in this article. Horng Wann-Sheng 洪萬生, an math. historian and a member of editorial board of Historia Mathematica, visited Kyujanggak, the royal library of Joseon Dynasty. After his visit, he published a paper, "The first visit to mathematics books in Kyujanggak 奎章閣收藏算書初訪"(2008 Kyujanggak 32, p. 283-293). In his paper, he also raised several research problems on the history of Korean mathematics. In this paper, we analyze his paper "The first visit to mathematics books in Kyujanggak" and give some answers to those raised problems on Korean mathematics. Also we correct some misunderstanding of Horng on some facts. Especially, we make it clear that the author of SinJungSanSul(New Arithmetics 新訂算術) was not Lee Sang-Seol(李相卨), whom Horng considered as the author, but Lee Gyo-Seung(李敎承) through the correct translation of its preface and an article about its copyright lawsuit. And we added some pathways how Chinese mathematics books were imported by Joseon. We introduce the case of Hong Dae-Yong(洪大容) in detail.

안종화(安鍾和)의 <수학절요(數學節要)>에 대한 고찰

이상구 ( Sang Gu Lee ),이재화 ( Jae Hwa Lee ),변형우 ( Hyung Woo Byun ) 한국수학교육학회 2011 수학교육논문집 Vol.25 No.4

In 2007, a Taiwanese mathematics historian Wann-Sheng HORNG made a visit to Kyujanggak(the royal library of Joseon Dynasty) in Seoul, Korea. During this visit, he found the Korean math book An abridged version of the Joseon Mathematics (<數學節要>, Su-Hak-Jeol-Yo), which was written by Jong-Hwa AN(9 Nov 1860-24 Nov 1924) in 1882. Then he mentioned the possible importance of AN`s book in his article in the Journal Kyujanggak(vol. 32, June 2008). Jong-Hwa AN is a Korean scholar, activist of patriotism and enlightenment in the latter era of Joseon Dynasty. He passed the last examination of Joseon Dynasty to become a high government officer in 1894. The father of the modern mathematics education in Korea, Sang-Seol LEE(1870-1917) also passed the same examination with him. It is interesting that government high officer AN and LEE both wrote mathematics books in 19th century. In this talk, we now analyze this mathematics book of Joseon written in 1882.

cDNA Cloning and Genomic Structure of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from the Entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces tenuipes-Jocheon

Nam Sook Park,Han Seok Kang,Seon Ku Kim,Yong Gyun Kim,Byung Uuk Cho,Teak Soon Shin,Keun Ki Kim,Hyun Chul Park,Hong Joo Son,Hong Gu Lee,Sang Mong Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05

Fungi belonging to the Paecilomyces spp. have recently been used as food and herbal medicines in Korea and are greatly popular as commercially available powdered supplement or dried fruiting body. Despite this acceptance and its use, little is known of the genes related to its reactive agents. Presently, We have constructed an olig-d(T) primed directional cDNA library from the silkworm Dongchunghacho, an entomopathogenic fungus, of which species is belonging to Paecilomyces spp. based on the previous identification of ITS1 and ITS2 at the molecular level and collected from Jocheon Miryang, Korea. To isolate and screen genes in the fungus, 626 expressed sequence tags(ESTs) were generated by a partial sequencing from the cDNA library. cDNA encoding the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(Pt-GAPDH) of Paecilomyces tenuipes- Jocheon was cloned from the above cDNA library. The complete cDNA sequence of Pt-GAPDH is comprised of 1,014bp encoding 338 amino acid residues. The deduced protein sequence of Pt-GAPDH showed higher homology with Beauberia bassiana-GAPDH(93% amino acid identity). Hydropathy analysis revealed that Pt-GAPDH protein is hydrophilic. The major three amino acids in its composition of amino acid residues were alanine(11.54%), valine(9.47%) and glycine(8.88%). The Pt-GAPDH gene of Paecilomyces tenuipes entomopathogenic fungus consisted of three exons and two introns coding for 338 amino acid residues, and the genomic DNA length of the gene spans 1302bp. The accession number of the gene in GenBank are GU997099 for Pt-GAPDH cDNA and GU997102 for Pt-GAPDH genomic DNA. More investigation works including gene expression, immunological analysis etc. will be carried continuously without hesitation after this presentation.