Low-cost compact diffuse speckle contrast flowmeter using small laser diode and bare charge-coupled-device

Huang, Chong,Seong, Myeongsu,Morgan, Joshua Paul,Mazdeyasna, Siavash,Kim, Jae Gwan,Hastings, Jeffrey Todd,Yu, Guoqiang SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS 2016 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS Vol.21 No.8

The microstructures and mechanical properties of ultra‑high‑strength PAN‑based carbon fibers during graphitization under a constant stretching

Chong Ye,Huang Wu,Dong Huang,Baoliu Li,Ke Shen,Jianxiao Yang,Jinshui Liu,Xuanke Li 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.5

Commercial ultra-high-strength PAN-based carbon fibers (T1000G) were heat-treated at the temperature range of 2300– 2600 °C under a constant stretching of 600 cN. After continuous high-temperature graphitization treatment, microstructures, mechanical properties and thermal stability of the carbon fibers were investigated. The results show that the T1000G carbon fibers present the similar round shape with a smooth surface before and after graphitization, indicating the carbon fibers are fabricated by dry–wet spinning. In comparison, the commercial high-strength and high-modulus PAN-based carbon fibers (M40JB and M55JB) present elliptical shapes with ridges and grooves on the surface, indicating the carbon fibers are fabricated by wet spinning. After graphitization treatment from 2300 to 2600 °C under a constant stretching of 600 cN, the Young’s modulus of the T1000G carbon fibers increases from about 436 to 484 GPa, and their tensile strength decreases from about 5.26 to 4.45 GPa. The increase in Young’s modulus of the graphitized T1000G carbon fibers is attributed to the increase in the crystallite sizes and the preferred orientation of graphite crystallites along the fiber longitudinal direction under a constant stretching condition. In comparison with the M40JB and the M55JB carbon fibers, the graphitized T1000G carbon fibers are easier to be oxidized, which can be contributed to the formation of more micropores and defects during the graphitization process, thus leading to the decrease in the tensile strength.

The microstructures and mechanical properties of ultra-high-strength PAN-based carbon fibers during graphitization under a constant stretching

Ye Chong,Wu Huang,Huang Dong,Li Baoliu,Shen Ke,Yang Jianxiao,Liu Jinshui,Li Xuanke 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.5

Commercial ultra-high-strength PAN-based carbon fibers (T1000G) were heat-treated at the temperature range of 2300–2600 °C under a constant stretching of 600 cN. After continuous high-temperature graphitization treatment, microstructures, mechanical properties and thermal stability of the carbon fibers were investigated. The results show that the T1000G carbon fibers present the similar round shape with a smooth surface before and after graphitization, indicating the carbon fibers are fabricated by dry–wet spinning. In comparison, the commercial high-strength and high-modulus PAN-based carbon fibers (M40JB and M55JB) present elliptical shapes with ridges and grooves on the surface, indicating the carbon fibers are fabricated by wet spinning. After graphitization treatment from 2300 to 2600 °C under a constant stretching of 600 cN, the Young’s modulus of the T1000G carbon fibers increases from about 436 to 484 GPa, and their tensile strength decreases from about 5.26 to 4.45 GPa. The increase in Young’s modulus of the graphitized T1000G carbon fibers is attributed to the increase in the crystallite sizes and the preferred orientation of graphite crystallites along the fiber longitudinal direction under a constant stretching condition. In comparison with the M40JB and the M55JB carbon fibers, the graphitized T1000G carbon fibers are easier to be oxidized, which can be contributed to the formation of more micropores and defects during the graphitization process, thus leading to the decrease in the tensile strength.

우울증 연구-유기의 <울리자>의 예-

황숭수 ( Huang Chong-xiu ) 한국문학치료학회 2010 문학치료연구 Vol.16 No.-

이 글의 목적은 전통적인 중국의 시각으로 우울증을 논하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 이 분야에서 큰 두각을 보였던 주진형 박사의 우울증 이론을 적용시키고자 하였다. 우선 주진형 박사가 우울증 문제에 대해 주목하게 된 원인을 탐색하였다. 그가 있었던 진한 학교를 보면, 그의 친구인 송렴은 유기와 친한 사이였다. 주진형이 죽었을 때, 유기는 원나라 조정에서 은퇴하고 <울리자(鬱離子)>라는 책을 쓰기 시작했다. 이 책은 역경(易經)을 바탕으로 하여 쓰였으며, 서일기(徐一夔)와 오종선(吳從善)에 의해 설명된 문명화 과정과 관련이 있다고 알려져 있다. 하지만 이 글에서는 그러한 의문점들을 뒤로하고, 새로운 관점에서 울(鬱)과 리(離)의 의미를 논해보고자 하였다. 이 글에서 연구자는 이 책의 제목이 유기의 우울증과 깊은 관련이 있다고 보았다. 이 글의 결론 부분에서는 <울리자(鬱離子)>의 내용을 분석하여 이 책의 많은 요소들이 주진형 학교의 우울증 이론과 유사함을 발견할 수 있었다. 따라서 주진형 학교의 우울증 이론이 원나라 말기의 사회에 큰 영향을 끼쳤음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 논의를 통해 주진형 학교의 우울증 이론 발전에 대해서도 보다 나은 이해를 할 수 있었다. This paper discusses the concept of depression(Yu鬱)in traditional China. Through it, I look at the theory of depression by Zhu Zhenheng朱震亨, who was a doctor and was the first to note the issue in his age. The first step is to discover the reason why Zhu Zhenheng took note of the problem of depression. Upon looking at his school in Jin Hua金華it can be seen that his friend Song Lian宋濂 was on friendly terms with Liu Ji 劉基. When Zhu Zhenheng died, Liu Ji retired from the government of Yuan and began to write the book of Yu Li Zi鬱離子. It is thought that the name of the book was based on Yi Jing易經 and refers to the progress of civilization that was explained by Xu Yixian徐一夔 and Wu Congshan吳從善. But this paper casts doubt on that, and discusses the meaning of Yu鬱 and Li離 from a different viewpoint. In this paper I argue that the book`s name is in connection with Liu Ji`s depression. The final part examines the content of Yu Li Zi鬱離子, and finds that there are many similarities to the theory of depression of the Zhu Zhenheng school. Therefore, it can be seen that the Zhu Zhenheng school`s theory of depression had an impact on society at the end of Yuan. Through this study we can also understand the development of the Zhu Zhenheng school`s theory of depression.

A Strategy for the Formation of Gold–Palladium Supra-Nanoparticles from Gold Nanoparticles of Various Shapes and Their Application to High-Performance H₂O₂ Sensing

Huang, Youju,Ferhan, Abdul Rahim,Dandapat, Anirban,Yoon, Chong Seung,Song, Ji Eun,Cho, Eun Chul,Kim, Dong-Hwan American Chemical Society 2015 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.119 No.46

<P>We present a new approach for the synthesis of gold (Au)–palladium (Pd) bimetallic supra-nanoparticles in which densely packed anisotropic Pd nanostructures surround a central Au nanoparticle (rod, sphere, cubic shape). They were obtained by means of Pd crystal growth on Au nanoparticle surfaces which are modified with a mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 5-bromosalicylic acid (5-BrSA). From a comparative study with a Au nanorod (NR) as a seed, the use of the CTAB/5-BrSA mixture plays a pivotal role in obtaining such unique supra-structures; the Au NR capped with only CTAB resulted in Au core–continuous Pd shell nanoparticles instead. The Au–Pd supra-nanoparticles provide active surface area for electrocatalytic activities higher than that of the Au@Pd continuous shell nanoparticles, displaying outstanding performance for mediator-free electrochemical detection of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2015/jpccck.2015.119.issue-46/acs.jpcc.5b08423/production/images/medium/jp-2015-08423b_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp5b08423'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Probing the baryogenesis and dark matter relaxed in phase transition by gravitational waves and colliders

Huang, Fa Peng,Li, Chong Sheng American Physical Society 2017 Physical review. D Vol.96 No.9

<P>The cosmological phase transition with Q-balls production mechanism can explain the baryogenesis and dark matter simultaneously, where constraints on dark matter masses and reverse dilution are significantly relaxed. We study how to probe this scenario by collider signals at QCD next-to-leading order and gravitational wave signals.</P>

Identification of Fuzzy Inference Systems Using a Multi-objective Space Search Algorithm and Information Granulation

Huang, Wei,Oh, Sung-Kwun,Ding, Lixin,Kim, Hyun-Ki,Joo, Su-Chong The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2011 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.6 No.6

We propose a multi-objective space search algorithm (MSSA) and introduce the identification of fuzzy inference systems based on the MSSA and information granulation (IG). The MSSA is a multi-objective optimization algorithm whose search method is associated with the analysis of the solution space. The multi-objective mechanism of MSSA is realized using a non-dominated sorting-based multi-objective strategy. In the identification of the fuzzy inference system, the MSSA is exploited to carry out parametric optimization of the fuzzy model and to achieve its structural optimization. The granulation of information is attained using the C-Means clustering algorithm. The overall optimization of fuzzy inference systems comes in the form of two identification mechanisms: structure identification (such as the number of input variables to be used, a specific subset of input variables, the number of membership functions, and the polynomial type) and parameter identification (viz. the apexes of membership function). The structure identification is developed by the MSSA and C-Means, whereas the parameter identification is realized via the MSSA and least squares method. The evaluation of the performance of the proposed model was conducted using three representative numerical examples such as gas furnace, NOx emission process data, and Mackey-Glass time series. The proposed model was also compared with the quality of some "conventional" fuzzy models encountered in the literature.

High-Performance Bottom-Contact Organic Thin-Film Transistors Based on Benzo[<i>d</i>,<i>d</i>′]thieno[3,2-<i>b</i>;4,5-<i>b</i>′]dithiophenes (BTDTs) Derivatives

Huang, Peng-Yi,Chen, Liang-Hsiang,Kim, Choongik,Chang, Hsiu-Chieh,Liang, You-jhih,Feng, Chieh-Yuan,Yeh, Chia-Ming,Ho, Jia-Chong,Lee, Cheng-Chung,Chen, Ming-Chou American Chemical Society 2012 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.4 No.12

<P>Three benzo[<I>d</I>,<I>d</I>′]thieno[3,2-<I>b</I>;4,5-<I>b</I>′]dithiophene (<B>BTDT</B>) derivatives, end-functionalized with benzothiophenyl (<B>BT-BTDT</B>; <B>2</B>), benzothieno[3,2-b]thiophenyl (<B>BTT-BTDT</B>; 3), and benzo[<I>d</I>,<I>d</I>′]thieno[3,2-<I>b</I>;4,5-<I>b</I>′]dithiophenyl (<B>BBTDT</B>; <B>4</B>), were prepared for bottom-contact/bottom-gate organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). An improved one-pot [2 + 1 + 1] synthetic method of <B>BTDT</B> with improved synthetic yield was achieved, which enabled the efficient realization of new <B>BTDT</B>-based semiconductors. All of the <B>BTDT</B> compounds exhibited high performance p-channel characteristics with carrier mobilities as high as 0.34 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/(V s) and a current on/off ratio of 1 × 10<SUP>7</SUP>, as well as enhanced ambient stability. The device characteristics have been correlated with the film morphologies and microstructures of the corresponding compounds.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2012/aamick.2012.4.issue-12/am3022448/production/images/medium/am-2012-022448_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am3022448'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

De novo assembly, characterization and annotation for the transcriptome of Sphaeroma terebrans and microsatellite marker discovery

Chong Han,Qiang Li,Xiufeng Li,Zhipeng Zhang,Jianrong Huang 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.2

Sphaeroma terebrans, an economically and ecologically important marine wood-boring isopod, is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical mangroves. Nevertheless, available genomic and transcriptomic information for this isopod is extremely deficient. Here, we first performed the assembly of S. terebrans transcriptome by Illumina sequencing. A total of 51,092 high-quality unigenes with an average length of 641 bp were obtained and 19,915 unigenes were successfully annotated in four public databases. Only 9932 out of 19915 unigenes were commonly annotated by all four databases. In addition, 9609 unigenes were categorized into 54 function categories of Gene Ontology (GO), and 14,512 unigenes were successfully grouped into 25 functional categories of the EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG) database. Moreover, 11,507 unigenes were assigned to 228 pathways of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Out of 51,092 unigenes, a total of 4257 different microsatellites with motifs range from di- to hexanucleotide were identified from 3324 unigene sequences. Among 64 primer pairs selected for validation, 35 were successful in PCR amplification and 13 exhibited obvious repeat polymorphisms in the wild population of S. terebrans in Dongzhaigang (Hainan Island). The transcriptome dataset and the identified microsatellite markers (SSRs) will provide abundant information for researches on the discovery of new genes, metabolic mechanism and genetic diversity of S. terebrans.

Identification of Fuzzy Inference System Based on Information Granulation

( Wei Huang ),( Lixin Ding ),( Sung-kwun Oh ),( Chang-won Jeong ),( Su-chong Joo ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2010 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.4 No.4

In this study, we propose a space search algorithm (SSA) and then introduce a hybrid optimization of fuzzy inference systems based on SSA and information granulation (IG). In comparison with “conventional” evolutionary algorithms (such as PSO), SSA leads no.t only to better search performance to find global optimization but is also more computationally effective when dealing with the optimization of the fuzzy models. In the hybrid optimization of fuzzy inference system, SSA is exploited to carry out the parametric optimization of the fuzzy model as well as to realize its structural optimization. IG realized with the aid of C-Means clustering helps determine the initial values of the apex parameters of the membership function of fuzzy model. The overall hybrid identification of fuzzy inference systems comes in the form of two optimization mechanisms: structure identification (such as the number of input variables to be used, a specific subset of input variables, the number of membership functions, and polyno.mial type) and parameter identification (viz. the apexes of membership function). The structure identification is developed by SSA and C-Means while the parameter estimation is realized via SSA and a standard least square method. The evaluation of the performance of the proposed model was carried out by using four representative numerical examples such as No.n-linear function, gas furnace, NO.x emission process data, and Mackey-Glass time series. A comparative study of SSA and PSO demonstrates that SSA leads to improved performance both in terms of the quality of the model and the computing time required. The proposed model is also contrasted with the quality of some “conventional” fuzzy models already encountered in the literature.