이슬람 기원에 대한 역사비평학적 연구가 이슬람 이해에 주는 시사점

황원주(Wonjoo Hwang) 중동아프리카연구소 2023 아랍과 이슬람 세계 Vol.10 No.-

This study reviews selective findings of recent historical-critical studies on the origin of Islam and the Qur’an and sheds some insights on a new understanding of Islam. Modern historical-critical approaches to the origin of Islam and the Qur’an have cast significantly reasonable doubts on the traditional Islamic narratives because of the unreliable historical authenticity of the basic Islamic resources that backed up the traditional Islamic narratives. These Islamic resources with great authority include the Qur’an, Hadiths, Sira, asbāb al-nuzūl, and classical commentaries. The first problem of these resources is the late dates of their original writing or editing even in remote cultural contexts from the original Arabian peninsula in the early 7th century. Therefore, historical-critical approaches, represented by revisionist school in this paper, have used a different set of evidences to trace back the origin of Islam and the Qur’an. Some of the primary evidence include archaeological evidences such as coins, rock inscriptions, epigraphy, numismatics; historical documents written by non-Muslims in the early- or mid-7th century about the Arab invasions. Based on these historical evidences, the traditional Islamic narratives lose the credibility because all these new evidences do not support them. Some historical-critical scholars have proposed alternative theories about the origin of Islam based on their studies and historical evidences available. These views are not agreed on by all critical scholars, but they carry enough weight to challenge Muslims to reconsider their original historical resources and defend their traditional position with more convincing evidences. This also carries a significant implication for Christians who are engaged in Muslims in sharing the gospel of Jesus Christ in terms of understanding Islam from a new perspective without uncritically admitting what Muslims have been claiming about Islam and its origin.

꾸란 4:157에 나타난 이싸의 십자가 죽음에 관한 순니 주석가들의 해석에 대한 비평적 고찰

황원주(Wonjoo Hwang) 중동아프리카연구소 2021 아랍과 이슬람 세계 Vol.8 No.-

This study investigates the crucial question of whether Q 4:157 affirms the death of ‘Isa by using a critical hermeneutical approach to the text. In reviewing the traditional understanding of this verse, this paper analyzes eight representative Sunni commentaries from a critical hermeneutical point of view. According to Sunni traditional doctrines, this verse is understood to mean that ‘Isa did not die on the cross by the Jews, but was raised to heaven by Allah. In interpreting this verse, the Sunni traditional view revolved around a so-called “substitution theory” in which someone other than ‘Isa was killed by the Jews. Nevertheless, there has been a significantly large number of variant traditions that provide not only different but also contradicting details regarding to how it happened. This fact itself eradicates both the authority and the reliability of traditions as a basis of interpreting this verse Q 4:157. One of the key conclusions of this study contends that this verse does not provide a convincing basis for the substitution theory as the traditional Sunni doctrines teach. This Sunni teaching does not derive from the valid hermeneutical conclusion of the Qur’anic text itself, but from the various traditions. Moreover, when one considers the unreliable contents of the traditions that are used in interpreting this verse, it is fair to state that this verse does not support the common Sunni idea that the substitute died in replacement of ‘Isa and that ‘Isa was raised into heaven without experiencing death. This study argues that whether ‘Isa died or not cannot be determined by this single verse only, but demands a more comprehensive study of other Qur’anic verses related to the subject. This study also demonstrates the problematic nature of the Qur’anic hermeneutical process which depends heavily on the traditions by ignoring historical-grammatical hermeneutical approaches. Some of commentators, classical (e.g. al-Zamakhshari) or modern (e.g. Qutb), have noticed this issue and provided needed warnings. This study proves it necessary for students of the Qur’an to employ improved hermeneutical methods beyond a conventional way of heavily depending on the traditions in interpreting the Qur’an.

꾸란 105장의 주석을 통해 본 꾸란 해석 과정에 대한 비평적 분석

황원주(Wonjoo Hwang) 중동아프리카연구소 2020 아랍과 이슬람 세계 Vol.7 No.-

Understanding the Qur’an has been a challenging task for many readers of this ancient text. While the traditional method of interpreting the Qur’an has heavily relied in classical commentaries from the early years of Islamic history, the early commentators used many traditions (riwayāt) with great authority simply because these traditions were believed to have been transmitted from Muhammad or his companions or even the disciples of the companions. However, modern exegetical methodologies of the Qur’an poised new perspectives and challenges to this way of interpreting the Qur’an. This paper attempts to provide a critical analysis of the Qur’anic exegetical process by using Q 105(Surat al-Fīl) as a case. While this short Sūrah is consisted of simple five verses, the major interpretive keys come not from the contents of the Qur’anic text, but from the historical information in various traditions that seem to be either conflicting or irreconcilable in some cases, or contain mythical or legendary elements. The circumstantial contexts of this Sūrah by Muhammad are also unidentifiable that it is very uncertain what the purpose of this Sūrah was in the original context of the early Islamic community. Several words in this short text carry uncertainty which exemplifies the difficulty of interpreting the Qur’anic text from a linguisticpoint of view. Even a significant amount of disagreements inthe interpretation of this Sūrah appears in the representative Sunni commentaries that are reviewed in this study. This paper demonstrates the various problems or challenging tasks in the exegetical process of the Qur’an when one follows an objective exegetical method that is accepted by most of the interpreters, both Muslims and non-Muslims. While interpreting the Qur’anic text is a challenging task, a significant progress can be accomplished when one applies a proper exegetical process in order to find what was the intended meaning of specific passage to the original audience in the original historical context. It is hoped that there will be further development in the studies of exegetical methods of the Qur’an beyond the traditional understanding of the Qur’an for the purpose of a better illumination of the meanings of the Qur’anic texts in understandable and relevant ways.

현대 꾸란학의 서구 학계 동향과 선교학적 시사점

황원주(Wonjoo Hwang) 중동아프리카연구소 2019 아랍과 이슬람 세계 Vol.6 No.-

This study aims to provide an overview of the recent trends in the contemporary Qur’anic studies among Western scholars and to evaluate the missiological implications of these academic researches. Since the historical-critical approaches were applied to Biblical studies, the Qur’an has also become a venue for applying the same methodologies. Traditionally the Islamic narratives on the origin of Islam and the Qur’an were accepted without much doubt by Muslims and Qur’anic scholars as they heavily depended on various resources such as the biographical records and hadiths. The new approach, called the revisionist approach, however, began with the foundational doubt about these Islamic narratives. Doubting the trustworthiness of the traditionally accepted Islamic narratives, the revisionist approach has tried to provide alternative explanations concerning the origin of Islam and the Qur’an. The scholars with this approach have provided challenging findings and even made radical assertions on the origin of Islam and the Qur’an. A modified version of the traditionalist approach, called neo-traditionalist approach, on the other hand, has produced more reconcilable version of Islamic origins with the traditional views even through incorporating new scholarly findings from utilizing new research methods. After reviewing the overall scholarly camps, this paper introduces several representative scholars with their works in terms of their unique contributions to the contemporary Qur’anic studies. This essay also considers the possible missiological implications of the contemporary Qur’anic studies and recommends the desirable steps for Korean missions community in Islamic world.

Arthur Jeffrey, The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qur’an. Texts and Studies on the Qur’an Series 3. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2007. 311pp. 29.95 Euro.

황원주(Wonjoo Hwang) 중동아프리카연구소 2022 아랍과 이슬람 세계 Vol.9 No.-

Does the NT Quotation of Non-Canonical Sources Validate the Use of the Qur’ān in Christian Witness to Muslims?

Wonjoo Hwang(황원주) 중동아프리카연구소 2015 아랍과 이슬람 세계 Vol.2 No.-

무슬림 전도접근의 역사적 변천과 엠비비 양육을 위한 시사점

황원주(Wonjoo Hwang) 중동아프리카연구소 2022 아랍과 이슬람 세계 Vol.9 No.-

8-9세기 아랍어를 사용한 기독교 신학자들의 삼위일체 변증 연구

황원주(Wonjoo Hwang) 중동아프리카연구소 2017 아랍과 이슬람 세계 Vol.4 No.-

중국어 학습을 위한 성조 햅틱 학습 시스템

정나영(Nayoung Jung),황원주(Wonjoo Hwang),강시우(Siwoo Kang),이정섭(Jeongsep Lee),경민호(Minho Kyung) 한국HCI학회 2016 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Design of Cross-Layer Framework for Wireless Mesh Networks

공인엽(InYeup Kong),황원주(WonJoo Hwang) 한국멀티미디어학회 2007 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2007 No.1

In this paper, we present a cross-layer model jointing congestion control, routing and scheduling for wireless mesh networks. Our model is based on the model for wireless ad hoc networks. Its utility maximization problem is decomposed into congestion control subproblem and routing/scheduling subproblem that interact through congestion price. And we extend the model to have regard to the characteristics of the wireless mesh networks.