왜 거짓말을 하였는가? - 한국전쟁기 중국에 의한 미군 세균전 사실 조작의 한 단면 -

황영원 한국생태환경사학회 2016 생태환경과역사 Vol.- No.2

근대 중의학 지위 부침의 정치학과 중의학의 변화

황영원(黃永遠)(Huang, Yongyuan) 의료역사연구회 2019 의료사회사연구 Vol.4 No.1

근대 동아시아 전통의학의 지위 부침과 변화는 메이지시대 한방의학을 제도적으로 폐지하였던 일본의 역사적 경험이 끼친 영향이 컸다. 이는 식민지 조선, 대만뿐만 아니라 주권국가로서 면모를 유지하였던 중국 역시 예외가 아니었다. 중국은 근대로 접어들면서 전통문화를 부정하고 서양문명을 급급하게 추구하는 근대주의 사조가 팽배하였다. 그 가운데 중의부정론과 중의폐지론이 제기되었다. 그리고 일본에 갔다 온 의학유학생과 정계인사에 의해 법적, 제도적으로 중의학을 배제하려는 중의폐지안도 등장하였다. 이로써 근대 중의학은 식민지 조선의 한의학과 마찬가지로 불안정한 지위에 처하게 되었다. 하지만 식민지 조선과 달리 끝까지 주권국가였던 중국에서는 중의폐지론자도 있었지만, 국수주의, 민족주의, 민생주의 등 이념으로 무장한 중의옹호론자 역시 엄연히 존재하였다. 중의폐지론자와 중의옹호론자는 치열한 각 축전을 전개하였다. 양쪽의 대립은 비록 중·서의계 각각의 집단 이익과 무관하지 않았지만, 한편으로는 동서의학의 관계 설정 및 중국 의료근대화 방식 등의 문제에 대한 논의와 고민을 심화시키는 데 기여하였다. 한편, 조선인 한의계와 마찬가지로 근대 중의계는 서양의학을 배척할 대상으로 보지 않고, 일찍부터 동서의학의 대화를 모색하기 시작하였다. 중서의회통, 중의과학화, 이후 중서의결합까지 근대 중의학은 서양의학을 수용하여 중의학 스스로 개량과 혁신을 시도하며 새로운 형태로 변화하였다. 하지만 서양의학을 수용하는 것과 동서의학의 근본적 차이를 무시한 채 동아시아의학의 서양의학화를 지향하는 것은 별개의 문제였다. 일원적인 근대 과학 인식을 거부하고 서양의학을 상대한 동아시아 전통의학의 독특한 가치를 주장하는 인식은 근대 한중양국에서 공유되고 있었다. 그리고 그 시대에 공통적으로 미해결된 문제로 남겨진 동아시아 전통의학의 과학화와 동서의학 절충의 과제는 오늘날 중국의 중서의결합, 한국의 동서의학 통합(혹은 협진) 같은 형식으로 계속 추진되고 있다. In the Meiji Period, Japan abolished Kampo Medicine systematically; the historical experience impacted the status’ changing of traditional medicine in modern East Asia. The situation was not only in Korea and Taiwan that are colonies, while China, who could maintain the form of a sovereign country, was not exceptional. In modern times, the trend of thought that blindly denied traditional culture and pursued westernizing was very active, and the theory of denying or abolishing traditional Chinese medicine came on stage under the background. Some oversea medical students who had come back from Japan and some politicians launched the campaign of“abolishing traditional Chinese medicine”, which wanted to abolish Chinese traditional medicine systematically and legitimately. Since then the traditional Chinese medicine’s status, which is the same as traditional Korean medicine, was greatly shaken. Nonetheless, it is different from colonial Korea that China has maintained the status of a sovereign state all along. Although there was a group who tried to abolish traditional Chinese medicine, meanwhile there was a group who embraced nationalism and people’s livelihood, and the group was headed by traditional Chinese medical circles. The two groups competed fiercely. Although the antagonism between the two groups was closely related with the respective advantages of Chinese and western medical circles, their argument made contribution to the deep thinking and discussion about the relationship between eastern and western medicine and the modernization of Chinese medicine. On the other hand, traditional Chinese medical circles in modern times, who were the same as traditional Korean medical circles, didn’t regard western medicine as something that should be repelled, on the contrary, they tried to communicate with western medicine in very early times. From confluence of Chinese and western medicine, scientization of traditional Chinese Medicine, to combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine in later times, modern traditional Chinese medicine absorbed western medicine constantly, tried to promote the reformation and improvement by itself, and accomplished new development. Absorbing western medicine, however, is different from pursuing westernization of east medicine blindly without the awareness of the difference between them. Some of the men of insight in the two countries had the consensus that they would refuse unitary learning of modern science, and emphasize the unique value of traditional East Asia in comparison with western medicine. The tasks of scientific systemizing traditional East Asia medicine and harmonizing eastern and western medicine were not solved at that time by the two countries; nowadays the combination of Chinese traditional and Western medicine in China and medical integration of eastern traditional and Western medicine in Korea are trying to figure out the solutions.

진행성 뇌경색증 환자에서의 수술적 감압술

황영원,심홍보,정영균,이선일,정용태,김수천,심재홍 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.1

■ Objectives Progressive brain infarction may be accompanied in its acute stage by brain swelling although aggressive medical management is performed. Progressive mass effect may prove life-threatening owing to increased intracranial pressure and herniation. The objective of this paper is to evaluate how surgical decompression is effective to prevent more aggravation of clinical state to death. ■ Methods and Materials Author reviewed total 887 patients of cerebral stroke who were treated in the departments of neurosurgery and neurology at Busan Paik Hospital. Inje University from January 1998 to December 2000. Of these, 40 patients of progressive brain infarction were analysed. ■ Results Male to female ratio was 1.86:1. Most of them(77.5%) occured in the fifties and sixties. The most common mentality change was from drowse to stupor in 26 cases. Mean time from attack to worsening was 60.8 hours. Infarcted right to left brain side ratio was 23:17. Medical disorders were associated in 24 patients. Operation methods are as follows; 35 craniectomies, 4 craniectomies with lobectomy. 1 craniectomy with extraventricular drainage. Surgical results according to Barthel Index was as follows: 2 independent. 7 slightly dependent, 8 moderate dependent, and 5 totally dependent. ■ Conclusions Surgical decompression to control increasing intracranial pressure and optimize cerebral perfusion can provide protection of uninvolved brain, patient salvage, and possibly functional recovery.

CNUOS의 원형 설계

황영원,김봉환,이광일,김상하 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1993 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.20 No.1

An operating system is program modules within a computer system that govern the control of equipment resources such as processors, main storage, secondary storages, input/output devices, and files. CNUOS is a research project on distributed operating systems being carried out at Chungnam National University. Its goal is to investigate capability-based, object oriented systems and to build a working prototype system to use and evaluate. In this system, user-level server processes provide functions that have been traditionally provided by the operating system. This approach leads to a small(hence more reliable)kernel and makes it easier to provide, modify, and test new services. In this paper, The kernel prototype of CNUOS will be proposed.

ATM-LAN하에서의 TCP segment 크기와 ATM buffer의 크기에 관한 연구

황영원,김상하 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1994 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.21 No.2

This paper presents a simulation study of TCP performance over ATM local area networks in the presence of constant-bit-rate(CBR) and variable-bit-rate(VBR) isochronous traffic. The performance measures considered are TCP cell loss and TCP packet loss, which are related to the buffer size in the ATM switch and the TCP segment size. Our simulation results show the TCP packet loss in the given buffer size of the ATM switch. They also suggest the optimal TCP segment size which support the maximum throughput.

CNUOS subset으로서의 DOS program들의 Multitasking

황영원,김봉환,이광일,김상하 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1993 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.20 No.1

A number of softwares have been being developed under DOS on personal computer. CNUOS is a distributed system that is designed to provide the environment upon which application programs developed under heterogeneous operating systems including DOS can be executed simultaneously. Protection is necessary for reliable mutitasking and can be used to prevent tasks from interfering with each other. In this paper, we will introduce two modules as a subset of CNUOS: the protection module and the DOS emulation module which is able to support the multiprogramming of DOS programs.

개혁개방 이전 중국에 대한 북한 문화의 영향력 : 1950∼70년대 중국의 북한 영화 수입을 중심으로

황영원 연세대학교 국학연구원 2016 동방학지 Vol.177 No.-

From the 1950s to the 1970s, a lot of North Korean movies were imported from North Korea to the People’s Republic of China. These movies were dubbed and shown in cities. The number of North Korean movies imported into China was second only to the number of Soviet movies. During the Cultural Revolution, movies made in the Soviet Union were no longer imported into China for political reasons, while North Korean movies continued to be. In particular, a number of well-made movies, such as “The Flower Girl”, gained huge popularity in China. This popularity could be explained by several factors: the development of the North Korean film industry, the relatively stable relationship between North Korea and China, and the historical experience that the two countries shared. The movies imported from North Korea could be divided into four types: revolutionary movies, war movies, movies about the establishment of socialism, and spy and anti-spy movies. During the Cultural Revolution, in particular, North Korean movies attracted many Chinese people – especially well-educated youths and teenagers – as their vivid storylines, beautiful music, and excellent depiction of human nature appealed to those who were losing interest in the revolutionary movies of their own country. Indeed, the influence of North Korean movies was so powerful that they are still remembered today by Chinese people who lived in the 1950s~1970s. This contributes to perpetuating the good memory of the traditional relationship between China and North Korea. 개혁개방 이전 대량의 북한 영화가 중국에 수입, 유통 되었는데, 주로 도시 지역을 중심으로 상영되던 북한 영화는 그 역제편(譯制片) 횟수에서 소련의 뒤를 이어 두 번째일 정도였다. 문혁시기를 전후하여 소련 영화 수입이 거의 두절된 것과 달리 북한 영화는 지속적으로 중국 사회에 유입되었으며 「꽃 파는 처녀」와 같은 명작들은 당시 중국 인민들에게도 인기를 끌었다. 이 시기 중국에 수입된 북한 영화는 유형별로 혁명 영화, 조국해방전쟁영화, 건설 영화, 첩보 영화가 있는데 이들은 북한 영화 자체의 경쟁력, 북중 관계의 밀접함, 양국이 지닌 역사적 경험의 유사성을 바탕으로 중국 사회에서 상당한 흡인력을 지닐 수 있었다. 특히 문화 콘텐츠가 빈곤하였던 문혁시기에 이르면 북한 영화는 중국 문화시장에서 생동감 넘치는 스토리, 아름다운 음악, 휴머니즘의 요소를 바탕으로 중국 대중들에게 정신적 영향력을 행사하였다. 1950년대부터 70년대까지 중국에 수입되었던 북한 영화는 오늘날에도 회고 및 기억의 재생산이라는 형태를 통해 중국 사회에 우호적이었던 과거 북중 관계를 전달하는 매개체가 되고 있다.

사육(飼育)의 정치: 근대 일본의 광견병 방역과 인간·개 관계의 재편

황영원 대한의사학회 2022 醫史學 Vol.31 No.3

Rabies prevention has become a vital part of public health administration owing to the high incidence of rabies in Japan in modern times. The rabies prevention system in Japan, which was gradually established based on the rabies knowledge and prevention policies from Europe and the United States, was centered on livestock dog control, wild dog culling, and vaccination. This epidemic prevention system was based on two premises. First, though rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease, the focus of epidemic prevention administration was to protect humans, not dogs. Second, this system attempted to eliminate the rabies hazard at its source by reducing the number of all dogs—livestock dogs included. Under this epidemic prevention mechanism, the survival space of dogs as an object of public health administration was significantly eroded. In contrast, during wartime, the Japanese Empire encouraged people to donate their dogs to the military so their fur could be used to make military coats, and in the name of existing rabies prevention programs, extended the target of culling from wild dogs only to all non-military dogs. This administrative model of epidemic prevention, which attempted to hide the violence and arbitrariness of dog killing by creating artificial distinctions among dogs, is a metaphor for the power training mechanism in modern society.

사육(飼育)의 정치: 근대 일본의 광견병 방역과 인간·개 관계의 재편

황영원(黃永遠) 대한의사학회 2022 醫史學 Vol.31 No.3

Rabies prevention has become a vital part of public health administration owing to the high incidence of rabies in Japan in modern times. The rabies prevention system in Japan, which was gradually established based on the rabies knowledge and prevention policies from Europe and the United States, was centered on livestock dog control, wild dog culling, and vaccination. This epidemic prevention system was based on two premises. First, though rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease, the focus of epidemic prevention administration was to protect humans, not dogs. Second, this system attempted to eliminate the rabies hazard at its source by reducing the number of all dogs—livestock dogs included. Under this epidemic prevention mechanism, the survival space of dogs as an object of public health administration was significantly eroded. In contrast, during wartime, the Japanese Empire encouraged people to donate their dogs to the military so their fur could be used to make military coats, and in the name of existing rabies prevention programs, extended the target of culling from wild dogs only to all non-military dogs. This administrative model of epidemic prevention, which attempted to hide the violence and arbitrariness of dog killing by creating artificial distinctions among dogs, is a metaphor for the power training mechanism in modern society.

중국 근대의학의 기원을 말하다 (高晞, ≷德貞傳:一個英國傳敎士與晩淸醫學近代化 (더전의 일대기: 한 영국 선교사와 청말 의학근대화)≸ (上海: 復旦大學出版社, 2009)에 대한 서평)

황영원 의료역사연구회 2018 의료사회사연구 Vol.2 No.1