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결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 효율 향상을 위한 다층 전면 전극 형성
홍지화,강민구,김남수,송희은,Hong, Ji-Hwa,Kang, Min Gu,Kim, Nam-Soo,Song, Hee-Eun 한국전기전자재료학회 2012 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.25 No.12
Resistance of the front electrode is the highest proportion of the ingredients of the series resistance in crystalline silicon solar cell. While resistance of the front electrode is decreased with larger area, it induces the optical loss, causing the conversion efficiency drop. Therefore the front electrode with high aspect ratio increasing its height and decreasing is necessary for high-efficiency solar cell in considering shadowing loss and resistance of front electrode. In this paper, we used the screen printing method to form high aspect ratio electrode by multiple printing. Screen printing is the straightforward technology to establish the electrodes in silicon solar cell fabrication. The several printed front electrodes with Ag paste on silicon wafer showed the significantly increased height and slightly widen finger. As a result, the resistance of the front electrode was decreased with multiple printing even if it slightly increased the shadowing loss. We showed the improved electrical characteristics for c-Si solar cell with repeatedly printed front electrode by 0.5%. It lays a foundation for high efficiency solar cell with high aspect ratio electrode using screen printing.
알프레드 자리Alfred Jarry의 후세성la postérité
홍지화(Ji-Hwa HONG) 한국프랑스문화학회 2002 프랑스문화연구 Vol.7 No.-
On présente souvent les dramaturges actuels comme les enfants d’Artaud ou de Brecht ; on pourrait tout aussi valablement se référer à Jarry afin de situer cette génération dite d’avant-garde. Nous entendons montrer dans cette étude une parenté entre Jarry et ses successeurs. Nous nous limiterons en général aux aspects dramatiques inaugurés par Jarry. C’est la catégorie particulière du théâtre, vue à travers le prisme jarryste, que nous distinguerons dans les œuvres d’auteurs aussi divers qu’Apollinaire, Tzara, Vaché, Vitrac, Ionesco, Ghelderode, qui constitueront le corpus de notre étude. Parmi les successeurs de Jarry, les uns disent ou recréent. l’univers de l’enfance qu’ils estiment n’avoir jamais quitté, tandis que d’autres nous communiquent la représentation que l’enfant se fait du monde adulte. C’est bien ce que, à traves ses œuvres littéraires, Jarry a voulu montrer tout au long de sa vie.
박형 결정질 실리콘 태양전지에서의 휨현상 감소를 위한 알루미늄층 두께 조절
백태현,홍지화,임기조,강기환,강민구,송희은,Baek, Tae-Hyeon,Hong, Ji-Hwa,Lim, Kee-Joe,Kang, Gi-Hwan,Kang, Min-Gu,Song, Hee-Eun 한국태양에너지학회 2012 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.32 No.suppl3
Crystalline silicon solar cell remains the major player in the photovoltaic marketplace with 80% of the market, despite the development of various thin film technologies. Silicon's excellent efficiency, stability, material abundance and low toxicity have helped to maintain its position of dominance. However, the cost of silicon materials remains a major barrier to reducing the cost of silicon photovoltaics. Using the crystalline silicon wafer with thinner thickness is the promising way for cost and material reduction in the solar cell production. However, the thinner the silicon wafer is, the worse bow phenomenon is induced. The bow phenomenon is observed when two or more layers of materials with different temperature expansion coefficiencies are in contact, in this case silicon and aluminum. In this paper, the solar cells were fabricated with different thicknesses of Al layer in order to reduce the bow phenomenon. With less amount of paste applications, we observed that the bow could be reduced by up to 40% of the largest value with 120 micron thickness of the wafer even though the conversion efficiency decrease by 0.5% occurred. Since the bowed wafers lead to unacceptable yield losses during the module construction, the reduction of bow is indispensable on thin crystalline silicon solar cell. In this work, we have studied on the counterbalance between the bow and conversion efficiency and also suggest the formation of enough back surface field (BSF) with thinner Al layer application.
박형 결정질 실리콘 태양전지에서의 휨현상 감소를 위한 알루미늄층 두께 조절
백태현(Tae-Hyeon Baek),홍지화(Ji-Hwa Hong),임기조(Kee-Joe Lim),강기환(Gi Hwan Kang),유권종(Gwon-Jong Yu),송희은(Hee-eun Song) 한국태양에너지학회 2012 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.3
Crystalline silicon solar cell remains the major player in the photovoltaic marketplace with 90 % of the market, despite the development of a variety of thin nlm technologies. Silicon's excellent efficiency, stability, material abundance and low toxicity have helped to maintain its position of dominance. However, the cost of silicon photovoltaic remains a major barrier to reducing the cost of silicon photovoltaics. Using the crystalline silicon wafer with thinner thickness is the promising way for cost and material reduction in the solar cell production. However, the thinner thickness of silicon wafer is, the worse bow phenomenon is induced. The bow phenomenon is observed when two or more layers of materials of different temperature expansion coefficiencies are in contact, in this case silicon and aluminum. In this paper, the solar cells were fabricated with different thicknesses of Al layer in order to reduce the bow phenomenon. With lower paste applications, we observed that the bow could be reduced by up to 40% of the largest value with 130 micron thickness of the wafer even though the cnversion efficiency decrease of 0.5 % occurred. Since the bowed wafers lead to unacceptable yield losses during the module construction, the reduction of bow is indispensable on thin crystalline silicon solar cell. In this work;, we have studied on the counterbalance between the bow and cnversion efficiency and also suggest the formation of enough back surface field (BSF) with thinner Al paste application.
결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 스크린 프린팅 공정 최적화 연구
백태현(Tae-Hyeon Baek),홍지화(Ji-Hwa Hong),최성진(Sung-Jin Choi),임기조(Kee-Joe Lim),유권종(Gwon-Jong Yu),송희은(Hee-eun Song) 한국태양에너지학회 2011 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.4
In this paper, we studied the optimization of the screen pringting method for crystalline silicon solar cell fabrication. The 156 * 156 mm2 p-type silicon wafers with 200 ㎛ thickness and 0.5-3 Ω ㎝ resistivity were used after texturing, doping, and passivation. Screen printing method is a common way to make the c-Si solar cell with low-cost and high-efficiency. We studied the optimized condition for screen printing with crystalline silicon solar cell as changing the printing direction (finger line or bus bar), finger width, and mesh angle. As a result, the screen printing with finger line direction showed higher finger height and better conversion efficiency, compared with one with bus bar direction. The experiments with various finger widths and mesh angles were also carried out. The characteristics of solar cells was obtained by measuring light current-voltage, optical microscope and electroluminescence.
결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 이중 반사방지막 특성에 대한 연구
김진국(Jin-Kuk Kim),박제준(Je-Jun Park),홍지화(Ji Hwa Hong),김남수(Nam-Soo Kim),강기환(Gi-Hwan Kang),유권종(Gwon Jong Yu),송희은(Hee-eun Song) 한국태양에너지학회 2012 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.3
The paper focuses on an anti-reflection (AR) coating deposited by PECVD in silicon solar cell fabrication. AR coating is effective to reduce the reflection of the light on the silicon wafer surface and then increase substantially the solar cell conversion efficiency. In this work, we carried out experiments to optimize double AR coating layer with silicon nitride and silicon oxide for the silicon solar cells. The p-type mono crystalline silicon wafers with 156*156mm2 area, 0.5-3 Ω·cm resistivity, and 200㎛ thickness were used. All wafers were textured in KOH solution, doped with POCl3 and removed PSG before ARC process. The optimized thickness of each ARC layer was calculated by theoretical equation. For the double layer of AR coating, silicon nitride layer was deposited first using SiH4 and NH3, and then silicon oxide using SiH4 and N2O. As a result, reflectance of SiO2/SiNx layer was lower than single SiNx and then it resulted in increase of short-circuit current and conversion efficiency. It indicates that the double AR coating layer is necessary to obtain the high efficiency solar cell with PECVD already used in commercial line.
도금을 이용한 스크린 프린팅 결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 효율 향상
정명상(Myeong Sang Jeong),백태현(Tae Hyeon Baek),홍지화(Ji Hwa Hong),송희은(Hee-eun Song),강민구(Min Gu Kang),장효식(Hyo Sik Chang) 한국태양에너지학회 2012 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11
Screen printing is commonly used to form the front/back electrodes in silicon solar cell. Recently the plating method is applied in c-Si solar cell to reduce the resistance and to improve the aspect ratio. In this paper, we investigated the effect of electroless Ag plating by adding it into screen-printed c-Si solar cell. The solar cells were fabricated with conventional procedure with 156×156 mm<SUP>2</SUP>, 200 μm, 0.5-3.0 Ω·cm and p-type single crystalline silicon wafer. All wafers were textured, doped, and anti-reflection coated. The metallization process was performed with screen-printing and fired. Then we carried out electroless Ag plating by changing the plating time in the range of 20sec~5min and measured the light I-V curve and optical microscope. Electroless Ag plating solution was mixture of AgCN, KCN and KOH. As a result, the conversion efficiency of solar cells was increased due to improved current density (Isc) and fill factor (FF). Finally we obtained Isc of 8.582A, Voc of 0.628V, FF of 79.1, Eff of 17.7% on a silicon solar cell.