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IEC 62109에 의한 태양광인버터 성능 및 안전성평가
홍경진(Kyung-Jin Hong) 대한전기학회 2019 전기학회논문지 Vol.68 No.4
The supply of new and renewable energy facilities has been increasing rapidly, especially in the PV power sector. In addition to the spread of PV modules and inverters, it is urgently required to ensure safety as well as performance. In developed countries such as Germany, Japan and the USA, technical standards on safety are applied to ensure safety of the photovoltaic industry to be. Currently, technical standards for securing the safety of PV inverters are adopted by IEC, while advanced countries apply technical standards for securing safety and are certifying the safety of the solar products in accordance with the IEC standard. However, in Korea, the technical standards for the performance evaluation of PV modules and inverters are applied, but the safety technical standards are not applied. Especially, in case of PV inverter, it has certification standard of small size solar inverter(less than 10kW) and inverter of medium and large size solar power generation(more than 10kW~250kW). Examination of the contents of each test item is composed of tests to identify performance characteristics of inverter such as insulation performance, protection function, normal characteristics, transient characteristics, external accidents, and environmental tests. Therefore, in this paper, we will examine the precise technical standards and test methods for the standardization of IEC 62109, which is becoming a standard required for overseas certification such as CE and UL, focusing on the protection and safety of users.
요양병원 간호사 배치수준의 지역별 차이와 환자결과에 미치는 영향
홍경진(Hong, Kyung Jin) 한국간호행정학회 2020 간호행정학회지 Vol.26 No.4
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the differences in nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes in long-term care hospitals by region and to identity the effects of nurse staffing level and registered nurse proportion on patient outcomes. Methods: A secondary analysis of national data that included general characteristics of hospitals and long-term care hospitals’ evaluation results from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services was conducted, and 1,205 hospitals were selected. Results: Results showed that the mean number of patients per nursing staff and registered nurse proportion were 4.27 and 0.43, respectively. The differences in long-term care hospitals’ evaluation results and nurse staffing levels according to region were significant. A logistic regression analysis showed that the number of patients per nursing staff affected the probability of the patient experiencing a decline in daily life activities, as well as a decline in the outcomes of patients who were non-dementia; registered nurse proportion affected the outcomes of patients with dementia. Conclusion: The findings suggest that implementing policies to improve long-term care hospitals’ nurse staffing level and registered nurse proportion is important. Ensuring mandatory registered nurse staffing levels based on the severity of patients’ diagnoses is also necessary.
간호사 서비스 경험의 의료기관 이용자 특성별 차이와 입원만족도, 보건의료 제도 인식과의 관계
홍경진(Kyung Jin Hong) 한국콘텐츠학회 2020 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.20 No.9
본 연구는 의료기관 이용자의 특성과 입원 특성에 따른 간호사 서비스 경험의 차이를 확인하고 간호사 서비스 경험과 보건의료 제도 인식과의 관계를 설명하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. ‘의료서비스 경험조사’ 데이터를 분석에 활용하였고, 입원 경험이 있는 574명의 응답자가 분석에 포함되었다. 연구 결과에서는 입원 전 다른 의료기관을 이용한 경험이 없는 자 중 10일 이상 입원하였던 대상자의 간호사 서비스 경험 평균이 1~3일, 4~9일 입원한 자의 평균보다 높았다. 반면, 입원 전 다른 의료기관을 이용한 경험이 있는 대상자는 그렇지 않은 대상자에 비해 간호사 서비스 경험 평균이 낮았다. 입원실의 변경에 따른 구분에서는 다인실에서 변경이 없었던 대상자에게서만 입원일수에 따른 간호사 서비스 경험의 차이가 유의하였다. 또한 간호사 서비스 경험평균이 높을수록 입원에 만족하는 군, 보건의료 제도에 대해 만족, 신뢰하는 군에 속할 확률이 높았다. 이러한 결과는 입원 경험을 구분하여 간호사 서비스 경험을 해석하여야 하며 간호사 서비스 경험 향상을 위한 대책마련이 필요하다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 간호사 서비스 경험의 영향요인을 밝힐 수 있도록 해당 조사에 간호사 배치수준과 같은 의료기관 특성 관련 사항을 포함하여야 할 것이다. This study aimed to elucidate the differences in nursing service experience according to the participants’ characteristics and experience of hospitalization and to identify the relation between nursing service experience and perceptions of the health system. It analyzed the data from a “Survey of health care service experience” conducted among 574 participants who had been hospitalized. The results showed that the mean nursing service experience of participants who had never used other hospitals before hospitalization with over ten days of hospital stay was higher compared with the other participants. Moreover, those who used other hospitals before hospitalization reported lower nursing service experience scores. In the classification based on the change of the inpatient room, the difference in the nurse service experience according to the number of hospitalization days was significant only in patients who had no change in the inpatient room in the multi-person room. The nursing service experience scores were positively related to general satisfaction with the hospitalization experience, health system satisfaction, and trust in the health system. This finding implies that the nursing service experience should be interpreted by separating the inpatient experience, and the strategies to improve the nursing service are needed. In addition, the survey should include items related to the characteristics of medical institutions such as nurse staffing, to identify factors affecting the experience of nursing services.
OECD 국가의 간호인력 현황과 한국 간호인력의 특성 분석
홍경진,조성현,Hong, Kyung Jin,Cho, Sung-Hyun 서울대학교 간호과학연구소 2017 간호학의 지평 Vol.14 No.2
Purpose: This study aims to report on and compare the conditions of practicing nurses and nursing graduates in Korea and other OECD countries to suggest policy to improve nurse staffing in Korea. Methods: Data on nurses and nursing graduates from 34 OECD countries in 2015 (or the nearest year) were analyzed. The proportion of practicing nurses among nurses who were licensed to practice and nursing graduates per population and per the number of practicing nurses were examined. Results: The number of practicing nurses per 1,000 population in Korea was 5.9 and, in Korea, only 31.0% of licensed nurses were practicing, whereas the OECD average was 69.5%. Korea had the highest number of nursing graduates (109.0) per 100,000 population and the highest number of nursing graduates (183.5) per 1,000 practicing nurses in the OECD countries. Skill-mix analysis indicated that 52.2% of the practicing nurses in Korea were professional practicing nurses, which was the second-lowest among the OECD countries. The ratio of nurses' wages to those of physician specialists was 0.43 in the OECD countries. Conclusion: Nurse staffing and skill-mix in Korea were very low in comparison to other OECD countries. Policies for retention of nurses via improved working conditions are required.
[안전기술] 사막형 태양광 특수발전시스템 기술기준 및 성능평가
홍경진(Kyung-Jin Hong) 대한전기학회 2019 전기학회논문지 Vol.68 No.5
One third of the planet’s landmass is covered by desert, which receives intensive solar radiation every day. Several experts studies have estimated that using just 4% of the total desert area for solar PV systems is sufficient to supply all the electrical energy requirements of the world. Outdoor installed inverters are subjected to extreme temperature fluctuations and problematic sand and dust in the air. The stress imposed by sandstorms can be especially severe, as the very fine dust can penetrate even the smallest openings, potentially causing problems within the interior of the inverter, the key component in any PV system. This fine sand and dust settling on an inverter’s sensitive electronics represents an enormous potential risk to the operation and longevity of the entire PV plant. In our paper, PV system application performances in extreme environments like desert conditions are analyzed and environment tests were studied to protect any possible harmful effects. Therefore we examine the test methods and evaluation criteria of safety test based on IEC 62109 standardization for safety evaluation and standardization of solar inverter applied to desert type and special environment.
공급유량 및 스택온도의 변이에 따른 200W급 PEM형 연료전지의 전기적 성능특성
홍경진(Kyung-Jin Hong),박세준(Se-Joon Park),최용성(Yong-Sung Choi),이경섭(Kyung-Sup Lee) 대한전기학회 2009 전기학회논문지 P Vol.58 No.4
The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) with the advantages of low-operating temperature, high current density, low cost and volume, fast start-up ability, and suitability for discontinuous operation becomes the most reasonable and attractive power system for transportation vehicle and micro-grid power plant in a household. 200W PEM-type FCs system was integrated by this study, then the electrical characteristics and diagnosis of the fuel cell were analyzed with variations on mass flow rate and stack temperature. The ranges of the variations are 1∼8L/min on H₂ volume and 20∼70℃ on stack temperature.