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허웨이(He Wei),장태원(Jang, Tae-Won) 동북아시아문화학회 2017 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.52
When analyzed semantically, there are three types of adverbial in the adverbial modifier structure in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Chunqiu and Zhanguo Period: restrictive adverbial, descriptive adverbial, and adverbial of accompanying action. These three adverbials show different temporal features in sentence structure. The restrictive adverbial is timeless, whereas the descriptive adverbial and the adverbial of accompanying action share temporal features. While the descriptive adverbialshas no significance of time starting point, the adverbials of accompanying action contains significance of time starting point. In syntactic analysis, the adverbial modifier structure in the Western Zhou Dynasty contains both the pattern AV and the pattern AOV. All three adverbials can appear in the pattern AV, butthe adverbial in the pattern AOV usually represents the accompanying action. The adverbial modifier with the restrictive has followed the pattern AV from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Chunqiu and Zhanguo Period and the Modern Chinese. While the adverbial modifier structure with the descriptive adverbial formed the pattern A而V in Chunqiu and Zhanguo period, the adverbial modifier structure with adverbial of accompanying action made pattern AO而V in the same period. And the original form of the pattern AV and the pattern AO而V were still used in Chunqiu and Zhanguo period. According to the statistical data of Mencius which is analyzed by the writer, adjectival words were mostly used in the pattern AV and most of verbal words were included in pattern A而V and pattern AO而V. The western Zhou Dynasty also has the serial verb sentence in which the type of structure is ambiguous. In terms of semantic relations between verbs, the adverbial modifier structure seems to be close to the serial verb sentence. The remnant of the serial verb sentence were“望见”and “传食” used in the Chunqiu and Zhanguo Period.
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허웨이(He, Wei),장태원(Jang Taewon) 언어과학회 2017 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.81
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were no conjunctions between the verbs when several verbs or verbal components were used together in old Chinese. During the Chunqiu and Zhanguo periods, however, the use of “而” inserted between the verbs with ambiguity increased while there were no connections between the verbs without ambiguity in Jianyu compound structures, compuund structures, serial verb structures, modification structures, etc. In this paper, it is assumed that the conjunction 而seems to have emerged in order to reduce ambiguity in verb series in Chinese sentences. Due to the necessity of expression, the verbs associated with 而are often accompanied by other grammatical components, and this trend has developed into rich 而sentences in later Chinese.
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