노자의 통일관념으로 본 남·북한 상호주의와 바람직한 통일문화

허도학 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2010 탈경계인문학 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this article is to approach today’s unification problem through Lao-tzu’s wisdom. The most delicate thing to deal with among various unification problems is reciprocity between South and North Korea. The principle of reciprocity looks easy to practice but is actually hard to do, so depending on the point of view for dealing with this, the content will vary in many ways. In today’s context, what is the desirable form of reciprocity, and what kind of character should the inter-Korean unification culture - the community of the unification culture - have so that such a desirable reciprocity will be produced? Those are the matters that this article brings up, and the answers can be as follows. First, the viewpoint of Lao-tzu’s unification conception is not confined within things. Balance, harmony, arrangement, and peace for the society of mankind are all understood as the status of unification, which means that the current South-North division is the status of unbalance and anti-arrangement. Second, the notion of relativism, which is the core of Lao-tzu’s unification conception, is vague and complicated concerning truth. One example is the antagonistic unification, that is, confronting but orienting toward unification with each other. The reciprocity between South and North Korea can be dealt with vaguely through such relativism. Third, reinstatement and hsiao-kuo-kua-min (小國寡民, small state and sparse population), which constitute other core terms in Lao-tzu’s unification concept, show that a humanistic approach is very important in the discussion for unification. In particular, in the case of South Korea, where the social atmosphere is turbulent due to globalization, the South will be awakened if it does not lose the past and the purity toward one nation, in which case, the discussion over the unification culture and the community of the unification culture can be continued. Finally, Lao-tzu’s unification concept is, in fact, that of integration. The reason for using the expression Unification Concept in the title of this article is because the word unification can easily convey the meaning. Some insist, however, that the interchange between the South and the North should be normalized by developing the concept of integration rather than that of unification, as shown in a sociocultural community. The uniqueness of Lao-tzu’s unification conception is its flexibility to receive any idea, whether about unification or integration.

계면요소를 이용한 지반-라이닝 상호작용 모델에 의한 터널 콘크리트 라이닝 연구

허도학,문현구,Huh, Do-hak,Moon, Hyun-Koo 한국터널지하공간학회 2015 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.17 No.6

NATM터널의 콘크리트 라이닝에 작용하는 지반하중을 산정하는 방법으로 수치해석적 기법인 지반-라이닝 상호작용모델(Ground-Lining Interaction Model, GLI 모델)에 의한 지반하중 산정방법이 제안되었다. 그러나, 기존의 GLI 모델은 지반과 지보재 또는 콘크리트 라이닝 사이에 존재하는 계면(Interface)의 구조적 역할을 반영하지 못하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존의 GLI 모델에 계면요소를 반영하여 보다 실제에 가까운 모델로 구현하였다. 그리고, 지반조건 및 토피별 지반하중을 수치해석을 통해 산정하고 기존의 GLI모델 지반하중 상관식을 수정하여 제안하였다. 연구결과, 기존 모델에 비해 계면요소 반영시 지반하중은 토피두께에 따라 IV등급 지반조건에서는 평균 88~106%, 풍화토 지반조건에서는 평균 47~57% 수준으로 감소하였다. 본 연구결과로 콘크리트 라이닝에 작용하는 지반하중을 실제에 가까운 모델로 산정할 수 있으며, 상관식을 이용하여 일관되고 경제적인 설계가 가능하게 될 것으로 예상된다. In NATM tunnel, the Ground-Lining Interaction model(GLI model) had been proposed a one of the numerical analysis as the ground load estimation method of the concrete lining. But this model was not applied with the interface mechanism between the ground and the support member or concrete lining. Therefor in this study, it is implemented as a model for closer than actual states that the interface element applied to the existing GLI model. And the modified GLI formula is proposed with the ground load estimation that is from the numerical results for each ground and rock cover conditions. Based on the numerical results, the ground load acting on concrete lining is reduced to ave. 88~106% in case of IV ground condition and ave. 47~57% in case of weathered soil condition comparing with the existing GLI model. It can be anticipated that the results obtained from this study can be applied to an estimation of the ground load on the concrete lining modeled like as real states, consistent and economical design.

노자의 통일관념으로 본 남·북한 상호주의와 바람직한 통일문화

허도학 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2010 탈경계 인문학 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this article is to approach today's unification problem through Lao-tzu?fs wisdom. The most delicate thing to deal with among various unification problems is reciprocity between South and North Korea. The principle of reciprocity looks easy to practice but is actually hard to do, so depending on the point of view for dealing with this, the content will vary in many ways. In today's context, what is the desirable form of reciprocity, and what kind of character should the inter-Korean unification culture - the community of the unification culture - have so that such a desirable reciprocity will be produced? Those are the matters that this article brings up, and the answers can be as follows. First, the viewpoint of Lao-tzu's unification conception is not confined within things. Balance, harmony, arrangement, and peace for the society of mankind are all understood as the status of unification, which means that the current South-North division is the status of unbalance and anti-arrangement. Second, the notion of relativism, which is the core of Lao-tzu's unification conception, is vague and complicated concerning truth. One example is the antagonistic unification, that is, confronting but orienting toward unification with each other. The reciprocity between South and North Korea can be dealt with vaguely through such relativism. Third, reinstatement and hsiao-kuo-kua-min (小國寡民, small state and sparse population), which constitute other core terms in Lao-tzu's unification concept, show that a humanistic approach is very important in the discussion for unification. In particular, in the case of South Korea, where the social atmosphere is turbulent due to globalization, the South will be awakened if it does not lose the past and ?the purity toward one nation, in which case, the discussion over the unification culture and the community of the unification culture can be continued. Finally, Lao-tzu's unification concept is, in fact, that of integration. The reason for using the expression Unification Concept in the title of this article is because the word unification can easily convey the meaning. Some insist, however, that the interchange between the South and the North should be normalized by developing the concept of integration rather than that of unification, as shown in a sociocultural community. The uniqueness of Lao-tzu's unification conception is its flexibility to receive any idea, whether about unification or integration.

노자의 지식학습관이 평생학습에 지니는 교육학적 의의

허도학 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2008 탈경계 인문학 Vol.1 No.1

This article was written by the critical mind in which 'Tao de jing' of Lao-tzu would perform a which role at the age of the knowledge and information in the 21st century and bring the any fusion effect of the interdisciplinary system in relation with 'the lifelong learning' of the pedagogy. The reason why I have paid attention to the lifelong learning is that I found the lifelong learning of nowadays is not in line with 'learning', let alone 'lifelong.' For example, it is not easy to find an answer to the question that what else we can call 'learning' except the 'learnings' for the entrance examination, credits, promotion, hobby and so on. If so, our society has regarded what is not the real learning as 'lifelong learning'. Now what is the alternative? It is necessary that we should look around the things which we have not considered as 'learning' until now. We have to newly broaden the horizons of 'learning' by trying to rediscover what we have ignored before instead of staying around what can be seen. This means self-enlightenment and self-learning. By the way, these expressions are not unfamiliar. In fact, we have voiced the self-learning without practical actions. The goal of it has been established only to know and win others, not for knowing and winning himself. It means the lack of philosophy of what is 'learning'. We have lacked the self-reflection and trust toward ourselves. In overcoming these phenomena, there will be no better text than the humanities. The study of the humanities until now has remained in the category of the humanities itself. It has lacked the power of materialization with action by putting the value of the humanities into sociology. The reason why I tried to quote 'Tao de jing' of Lao-tzu in 'lifelong learning' is because it could be a good example for such a value performance. If what the society of knowledge and information needs is 'the recovery of the humanity', it is natural that we find the value in 'Tao de jing' of Lao-tzu.

지반-라이닝 상호작용모델을 이용한 터널2차라이닝 설계에 대한 연구

허도학,장석부,문현구 한국자원공학회 2008 한국자원공학회지 Vol.45 No.4

It is a common practice to install excessive secondary tunnel linings due to the lack of rational insight into the ground loosening load. The main load acting on the secondary lining of a drained tunnel is the ground load caused by the deterioration of the primary support members such as shotcrete, steel ribs, and rockbolts. Accordingly, the analysis of the ground-primary support-secondary lining interaction is very important for a rational design of the secondary tunnel lining. In this paper, the interaction is described by the simple mass-spring model and the load transfer from the primary support to the ground and to the secondary lining is verified by the characteristic curves including the secondary lining reaction curve in the case of the theoretical solution of a circular tunnel. And also, the application of this model to numerical analysis is verified in order to review the potential tool for practical tunnel problems with the complex conditions like non-circular shaped tunnels, multi-layered ground, sequential excavation and so on.

노자의 인문정치론으로 본 새 통치철학의 모색

허도학(Hur, Do-Hak) 인천대학교 인문학연구소 2010 인문학연구 Vol.14 No.-

노자 인문학의 모색

허도학 ( Do Hak Hur ) 성신여자대학교 인문과학연구소 2009 人文科學硏究 Vol.27 No.-

절리암반내 터널의 안정성 평가를 위한 개별요소 모델링에 대한 고찰

장석부,허도학,Chang, Seok-Bue,Huh, Do-Hak 한국터널지하공간학회 2001 터널기술 Vol.3 No.2

본 논문은 절리암반 터널의 안정성 해석을 위한 2차원 개별요소모델링방법에 대한 개선방안을 제안하였다. 먼저, 절리군과 터널의 상대방위를 고려하여 터널단면상에서 불연속거동이 가능한 절리군을 구별하는 기준을 제시하였다. 이 기준에 따라 불연속거동이 가능한 절리군은 개별요소(암석블록)의 변이 되도록 하고 그 외 절리군은 암석블록의 탄성특성을 보정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 또한, 주어진 절리의 기하학적 특성에 대해서 절리의 방위편차와 유한길이를 고려한 복잡한 모델과 절리의 평균방위와 무한길이를 고려한 단순한 모델의 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 후자의 모델이 일관성 있는 터널의 국부적 파괴양상과 명료한 암반의 불연속거동을 보여줌으로써 터널설계목적에 적절함을 확인하였다. This paper presents the proposed methods of DE (distinct element) modelling to estimate the stability of tunnels in jointed rock masses. First, the criterion to select the joint set(s) contributed to the discontinuous behaviour in a tunnel section is proposed. Selected joint set(s) is(are) considered to form the edges of distinct elements (rock blocks) and the others to modify the elastic properties of rock blocks. The complex DE model with the average and the deviation of joint orientation and joint length for each joint set was compared to the simple model with only the average of joint orientation and the assumption that joint length is infinite. As a result, the latter is suitable to the purpose of tunnel design because it can show the consistent behaviour of a jointed rock mass such as the locally discontinuous failure and the global anisotropic behaviour.

절리암반내 터널의 안정성 평가를 위한 개별요소 모델링에대한 고찰

장석부,허도학 사단법인 한국터널지하공간학회 2001 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.3 No.2

This paper presents the proposed methods of DE(distinct element ) modelling to estimate the stability of tunnels injointed rock masses. First, the criterion to select the joint set(s) contributed to the discontinuous behaviour in a tunnelsection is proposed. Selected joint set(s) is(are) considered others to modify the elastic properties of rock blocks. The co mplex DE model with the average and the deviation of jointorientation and joint length for each joint set was compared to the simple model with only the average of joint orientationlt, the latter is suitable to the purpose of tunnel designbecause it can show the consistent behaviour of a jointed rock mass such as the locally discontinuous failure and theglobal anisotropic behaviour.

지반-라이닝 상호작용 모델을 이용한 터널 2차라이닝 설계에 관한 연구

장석부,허도학,문현구,Chang, Seok-Bue,Huh, Do-Hak,Moon, Hyun-Koo 한국터널지하공간학회 2006 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.8 No.4

일반적으로 터널2차라이닝의 구조해석에는 골조해석모델이 적용되고 있다. 본 모델은 경험적 방법에 의한 지반 이완하중을 고려하고 있으나 주관적이고 과대평가되는 경향이 있다. 2차라이닝에 작용하는 지반하중은 숏크리트 및 록볼트와 같은1차지보재의 지지력 상실에 기인한다. 그러므로 2차라이닝에 작용하는 지반하중 산정에는 1차지보재와 지반의 평형상태가 고려되어야 한다. 지반-라이닝 상호작용(Ground-Lining Interaction, GLI)모델은1차지보재의 지지력 상실에 의해 야기된 지반의 변형을2차라이닝이 지지하는 개념을 토대로 수립되었다. 따라서 GLI모델은 복잡한 지반조건과 1차 지보재의 설치조건을 합리적으로 반영한 지반하중을 고려할 수 있다. 2차라이닝에 작용하는 하중은 지반하중 외에 지하수압, 지진하중 등이 있다. 극한강도 설계법을 이용한 라이닝 구조보강을 위해서는 계수하중 및 다양한 하중조합이 고려되어야 한다. GLI모델은 계수하중을 고려하기 곤란하기 때문에 개별 하중에 대해 산정된2차라이닝 단면력에 하중계수를 곱하는 중첩의 원리를 적용하였다. 끝으로, 본 연구에서 제시된 GLI모델을 이용한 2차라이닝 설계방법을 저심도 지하철 터널에 적용하였다. The structural analysis for the secondary lining of tunnels is generally performed by a frame analysis model. This model requires a ground loosening load estimated by some empirical methods, but the load is likely to be subjective and too large. The ground load acting on the secondary lining is due to the loss of the supporting function of the first support members such as shotcrete and rockbolts. Therefore, the equilibrium condition of the ground and the first support members should be considered to estimate the ground load acting on the secondary lining. Ground-lining interaction model, shortly GLI model, is developed on the basis of the concept that the secondary lining supports the ground deformation triggered by the loss of the support capacity of the first support members. Accordingly, the GLI model can take into account the ground load reflecting effectively not only the complex ground conditions but the installed conditions of the first support members. The load acting on the secondary lining besides the ground load includes the groundwater pressure and earthquake load. For the structural reinforcement of the secondary lining based on the ultimate strength design method, the factored load and various load combination should be considered. Since the GLI model has difficulty in dealing with the factored load, introduced in this study is the superposition principle in which the section moment and force of the secondary lining estimated for individual loads are multiplied by the load factors. Finally, the design method of the secondary lining using the GLI model is applied to the case of a shallow subway tunnel.