경상남도 산청군일대의 조류군집 생태에 관한 연구

함규황 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1998 硏究論文集 Vol.12 No.-

본 연구는 경상남도 산청군일대에 도래하는 조류들의 분포를 1996년 10월부터 1997년 7월에 걸쳐 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 조사 기간동안 산청군 덕천강 일대에서 관찰된 조류는 총 9목 23과 56종 1,073개체였다. 2. 우점종은 붉은머리오목눈이 Paradixornis webbiana (21.81%, 234개체), 노랑턱멧새 Emberiza elegans (9.04%, 97개체), 직박구리 Hypsipetes amaurotis (7.74%, 83개체), 까치 Pica pica (7.08%, 76개체), 오목눈이 Aegithalos caudatus (5.78%, 62개체) 등의 순으로 나타났다. 3. 조사지역에서 관찰된 천연기념물 제 323호 붉은배새매 Accipiter soloensis, 새매 Accipiter nisus, 천연기념물 제 324호 소쩍새 Otus scops와 큰소쩍새 Otus ballamoena 등 4종이 관찰되었다. 4. 조류의 계절적 분포를 보면 종밀도가 텃새 27종(49%), 여름새 23종(41%), 겨울새 3종(5%), 나그네새 3종(5%)으로 텃새가 우점종으로 많이 나타났으며, 개체수는 텃새가 877개체(82%)를 차지하고, 여름새 123개체(11%), 나그네새 64개체(6%), 겨울새 9개체(1%)가 관찰되었다. 5. 횟수별 조류실태는 1차 조사에서는 A지역은 10종 58개체, B지역은 18종 128개체가 관찰되었고, 2차 조사에는 A지역에서는 12종 73개체가 관찰되었으며, B지역에서는 16종 228개체가 관찰되었다. 3차 조사는 A지역은 24종 123개체, B지역은 27종 164 개체가 관찰되었고, 마지막 4차에서는 A지역은 31종 115개체, B지역은 38종 184 개체가 관찰되었다. 6. 지역별 관찰된 종은 A지역에서는 호랑지빠귀 Turdus dauma, 개똥지빠귀 Turdus naumanni eunomus 등 산림조류가 관찰되었고, B지역에서는 검은댕기해오라기 Butorid estriatus, 왜가리 Ardea cinerea, 꼬마물떼새 Charadrius dubius 등 수조류들이 관찰되었다. 7. 지역별 평균 종다양도와 동등한 보편종 수는 덕천강 상부지역이 3.08 (H´)와 21.67(eH´)로 하부지역의 2.85(H´)와 17.33(eH´)보다 높게 나타났으나 지역간의 유의적 차이는 없었다.(P >0.05). Community ecology of birds were investigated form October 1996 to July 1997 in Sanch ong-gun, Kyongsangnam-do. A total of 1,073 birds, 56 species, 23 families, 9 order were recorded during the censuses. The dominant species were following : The order of Paradixornis webbiana (21.81%, 234 birds), Emberiza elegans (9.04%, 97 birds), Hypsipetes amaurotis (7.74%, 83 birds), Pica pica (7.08%, 76 birds) and Aegithalos caudatus (5.78%, 62 birds). The natural monument birds were for four species ; Accipiter soloensis, Accipiter nisus, Otus scops and Otus bakkamoena. Seasonal distribution of birds was Winter visitor 3 species (5%), 9 individuals (1%), Summer visitor 23 species (41%), 123 individuals (11%), Resident 27 species (49%), 877 individuals (82%), Passage Migrant 3 species (5%), 64 individuals (6%). The areas of the number of species and individuals by time ; For the first time - The area of A was 58 individuals 10 species, and area of B was 128 individuals, 18 species. For the second - The area of A was 73 individuals, 12 species and area of B was 228 individuals, 16 species. For the third time - The area of A was 24 species, 123 individuals and area of B was 164 individuals, 27 species. For the last time - The area of A was 31 species, 115 individuals and area of B was 184 individuals, 38 species. The observation of species by observed Turdus dauma, Turdus naumanni eunomus A area Butoride striatus, Ardea cinerea, Charadrius dubius in B area. The number of species and individuals was similar among Mt. Hwawang, Mt. Yeonhwa and Mt. chiri similar.

한국산 박새 Parus major 소리(song) 의 구조적 특징과 지리적 변이

함규황,홍길표 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 환경연구 Vol.19 No.-

Studies on the variation state and the structural features of the Great tit's song due to geographical isolation were analyzed among Cheju-do, a geographically fully-isolated region and two inland areas far from being isolated each other. It was found that the variation coefficient of the Great tit's song was higher in the time factor of notes than in its frequency factor, irrespective of the geographical isolation. Each frequency factor of three areas was found to be remarkably correlative with its area, and to have a certain frequency range. After an analysis to measure the variation state among the above areas, it was found that whereas the voice features were common the great extent between Mt. Y□nwha and Mt. Y□hang, those in Cheju-do were considerably different from those in the other areas.

쇠솔새 Arctic Warbler(phyllscopus borealis)의 相互間 行動에 따른 音聲型

咸奎晃 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1994 硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

In studying the Arctic Wabler, Phylloscopus borealis 17 May 1990 in Natural Educational Institution Kyongsangnam-do, Korea. Arctle Wabler had repertories of around six distinct song type that were shared among male territory. During aggressive interactions among male, different song type were statistically associated with various behavioral contexts including with normal song, overlapping, long whistles, short syllables and trill-rattle calls. Given a song types the conditional probabilities of associated behaviors were usuall low 3,440 Hz to 5,480 Hz and different of song form 3.4 dB TO 205.3 dB.

전라남도 광양만지역 동계조류분포 조사

함규황 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1999 硏究論文集 Vol.13 No.-

본 조사는 전라남도 평양만일대에 도래하는 조류분포를 1996년 10월부터 1997년 3월까지 조사 연구한 결과이다. 1. 관찰된 조류는 총 9목 16과 55종 32,931개체이다. 2. 지역별 종수와 개체수는 A지역이 31종 4,529개체, B지역 40종 11,517개체, C지역 40종 24,052개체, D지역 18종 2,833개체로 조사되었다. 3. 관찰 중 우점종은 청둥오리 Anas platyrhynchos (10.747%), 흰쭉지 Aythya ferina (10.687%), 붉은부리갈매기 Larus ridibundus (10.524%) 순서로 관찰되었다. 4. 월별 종수와 개체수는 10월 22종 7,044개체, 11월 25종 2,908개체. 12월 29종 9,669개체, 1월 40종 10,245개체, 2월 38종 6,106개체, 3월 31종 6,959개체로 나타났다. 5. 선호도는 전체에서 C area (56.21%), B area (26.79%), A area (10.49%), Darea (6.51%) 순서였다. 6. 종 다양도 (H')와 동등한 보편종 수 (eH')에서 C지역이 2.67(H'), 14.51 (eH')으로 높은 종 다양성을 보였다. 7. 유사도는 B지역과 C지역이 0.75%로 높은 유사도를 나타내었다. 8. 천연기념물은 흑기러기 Branta bernicla, 큰고니 Cygnus cygnus, 고니 Cygnus columbianus, 황조롱이 Falco tinnunculus, 재두루미 Grus vipio, 검은머리물떼새 Haematopus ostralegus로 총 6종이 관찰되었다. Seasonal distribution of winter birds that were divided A, B, C, D area into mash part was investigated from October 1996 to March 1997 of Kwangyang bay in Chollanam-do. The number of birds were recorded 42,931 individuals, 55species, 16 families, 9 order in census area. The dominant species were Anas platyrhynchos (10.747%), Aythya ferina (10.687%), Larus ridibundus (10.524%). Monthly status on the distribution of birds were 7.044 individuals, 22 species in ctober. 2.908 individuals, 25 species in November, 9.669 individuals, 29 species in December, 10,245 birds. 40 species in January, 6,106 birds, 38 species in February, 6,959 individuals and 31 species in March. The preference in the whole area were following the parts of A area (10.49%), B area (26.79%), C area (56.21%) and D area (6.51%). The means of species diversity (H') and number of equally common species (eH') were 2.21 (H'), 9.16 (eH') in A area, 2.20 (H'), 9.06 in D area. As the result of similarity in each A, B, C, D area, in B area and in C area were the most high similarity (0.75%).

洛東江, 竹林江 및 注男地域의 鳥類

咸奎晃 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1989 硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-

This report in the first ever made on the birds of the Kyungnam areas basing on the bird collections and observations conducted by the author since 1984 with some additional collected by some earlier investigation. 1. Bird census by were made on the Naktong-gang, Chuknim-gang and Chunam areas from February, 1988 to December, 1988. 2. The census of 254,560 birds of 78 species, 19 families 9 order of birds recorded in Kyungnam areas Baikal Teal, Anas formosa 42.36%, Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos 10.84% and Bean Goose Anser fabalis 6.07% were recorded to be dominant species which were characteristic species of their habitat. 3. The census by regional groups were as follows : Naktong-gang Area (A. B. C) Of 81,216 birds of 60 species, 12 families, 7 order observed; Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, Prochard, Aythya ferina, Black-tailed Gull, Larus crassirostris were record to be dominant species. Chunknim-gang Area (D. E) Of 29,288 birds of 38 species, 11 families, 8 order observed ; pochard, Aythya ferina, Coot, Fulica atra, Tufted Duck, Aythya fuligula were record to be dominant species.Chunam Area (F. G) Of 144,065 birds of 45 species, 15 families, 7 order observed ; Baikal Teal, Anas formosa, Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, Bean goose, Anser fabalis were record to be dominant species. 4. As for the species Whooper Swan, Cygnus cygnus, Bewick's Swan, Cygnus bewickii, White Stork, Ciconia ciconia, White-naped Crane, Grus vipio Black-faced Spoonbill, Platalea minor and Mandarin Duck, Aix galericulata were characteristic by regional group in survey area.

최근 10년(1989-1998)간 주남저수지에 도래하는 조류의 변동에 관한 연구

함규황 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 2000 硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.-

To investigate the variation of species and individuals of the birds within the Junam and Dongpan reservoir Kyungsangnam-do, Korea from January 1989 to December 1998, 120 surveys were carried out. The census of 142 species, 39 families, and 16 orders of birds were recorded in the Junam reservoir. The dominant species were Baikal teal (Anas formosa) 56.9%, Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) 10.8%, Bean Goose (Anser fabalis) 8.7%, and Pochard (Aythya ferina) 5.0%. The number of species in each year were recorded in the survey area : 50.885 birds of 50 species in 1989. 77,273 birds of 45 species in 1990. 56,780 birds of 55 species in 1991. 53,424 birds of 66 species in 1992. 57,459 birds of 71 species in 1993, 21,944 birds of 63 species in 1994. 77,002 birds of 62 species in 1995. 64,670 birds of 81 species in 1996. 21,770 birds of 84 species in 1997. 17,420 birds and 73 species in 1989. The number of species were increase and number of individuals were decreased, because of increase by birds of prey and forest birds, and occurrence of the Baikal Teal (Anas formosa). The number of species and individuals were higher in Dongpan reservoir than in Junam reservoir of Korea.

주남저수지의 저질내 중금속 및 함량 및 조류집단에 관한 연구

함규황,손성원 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1994 환경연구 Vol.16 No.-

This survey was of bottom sediment and bird population in Junam reservoir area from October 1993 to June 1994. The census of 110,566 individuals, 48 species, 18 families, 10 order of birds Anas formosa 42.26%, Anas pjatyhynchos 26.01%, Anser fabalis 12.29% and Anas poecilorhyncha 4.26% were recoreded to be dominant species which were chracteristic species of their habitat. The heavy metal concentration of sediments samples were in the As 0.009㎍/g, Hg 0.004㎍/g, Cr 1.844㎍/g, Zn 31.011㎍/g, Cd 1.490㎍/g, Pb 23.612㎍/g, Cu 5.344㎍/g and Fe 0.99%. As for the species of Whooper Swan, Cygnus cygnus, Bewick's Swan, Cygnus bewickii, White-naped Crane, Grus vipio, Spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia, Black-faced Spoonbill, Platalea minor, Cinereous Vulture, Aegypius manachus, Sparrow Hawk, Accipiter nisus, Hen harrier, Cireus cyaneus, Peregrine Falcon, Falco peregrinus and Kestrel, falco tinnuncuus were chracteristic by regional groups in survey area.

주남저수지의 저토질과 논우렁이의(Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata) 생체조직내 중금속 함량의 분석

함규황,손성원 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1995 환경연구 Vol.17 No.-

This study was investigated concentration of heavy metals in sediment and Melanin Snail(Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata) collected in Junam reservoir, Dong-up, Ch'angwon-shi, Kyoungsangnam-do, Korea. Mean concentration of heavy metals detected from sediment samples were found in the order of Fe(0.992%). Zn(31.011㎍/g), Pb(23.605㎍/g), Cu(5.344㎍/g), Cr(1.760㎍/g), Cd(1.490㎍/g), As(0.009㎍/g). And that the metals in Melanin Snails were discovered in the order of Fe(20.480㎍/g), Zn(18.187㎍/g) Cu(2.239㎍/g), As(1.09㎍/g), Pb(0.348㎍/g), Cr(0.057㎍/g), but Hg and Cd weren't detection. Correlation between weight and concentration of heavy metals of Melanin Snails were shown statistically significant regular correlation in As (r=0 69. p<0.05) and Fe (r=0.59, p<0.05), but have nothing to do with Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn. Comparative result with mean concentration of heavy metals of sediments and Melanin Snails were high according to most heavy metals except Arsenic(As) of sediment.

智異山 山林鳥類의 捿息實態에 關한 硏究

咸奎晃,白雲起,兪在平,崔在植 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1992 환경연구 Vol.14 No.-

For the purpose of contribution to wild birds protection, distribution characteristics and ecological breeding habits were surveyed in Mt. Chiri from October 1989 to October 1991 by the use of the nestboxes installed in four study sites by the altitude. 1. The census of birds of 80 species, 27 family, 9 order of birds recorded in Mt. Chiri. 2. In the inhabitation structure of birds by altitude, Fringilla montifringilla were the dominance (18.29%) among the survey area. 3. The nestboxes(66.5%) were mainly used by the smal birds, Parus sp. and sitta europαea. 4. The utilization rate of tile nestboxes were showed 64% at 500m, 78% at 900m, 76% at 1,450m, 48% at 1,750m above the altitude, respectively. 5. The breeding rates of birds in the nestboxes were showed from 6% to 46% by altitude. Parus varius were the highest breeding species in the surveyed area. 6. Food items of the chicks of the 5 species collected by the coiler method were animal matters : 91.3% of the food were forest insects such as Phalera asiimilis and Pleuroptya batteata except 8.7% of spiders.

낙동강 하구에 도래하는 철새들의 분포 연구

함규황,유재평 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1993 환경연구 Vol.15 No.-

This report was survey conducted on the distribution of migratory birds in the estuary of Naktong-river from February, 1988 to December, 1990. 1. During the 35 months survey period a total of 321,336 individuals, 82 species, 17 families, 10 orders were observed. 2. Species of dominance were observed in the order of Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos (27.63%), Black-tailed Gull, Larus crassirostris (9.11%), Pochard, Aythya ferina (8.74%), Black-headed Gull, Larus ridibundus (6.49%), Bean Goose, Anser fabalis (5.44%), Wigeon, Anas penelope (5.97%), Spot-bill Duck, Anas poecilorhyncha (5.34% ) 3. Density of individuals to a square kilometer at the brackish and fresh water were recorded by a high density respectively to Mallard and Pochard. 4. Among observation birds throughout the two winter (1988. 10~1989. 3, 1989. 10~1990. 3), the speceis of ANATIDAE was recordedby the respectively to 21 species, 77,979 individuals (76.89% ) and 20 species 52,188 individuals (68.32% ). 5. Average of species diversity(H') and number of equally common species(eH') were recorded by a high value respectively to 1990 (1.983) and 1955(7.798).