미국교육에서의 정보기술소양의 개념과 기준

한일조,신호균 한국비교교육학회 2003 比較敎育硏究 Vol.13 No.1

이 연구에서는 미국교육에서 사용되고 있는 '정보소양'(information literacy) 혹은 '정보기술소양'(information technology literacy)의 개념과 기준을 확인하고 한국교육에의 시사점을 찾으려 하였다. 미국의 경우 '정보소양'이라는 말은 1970년대 말에 등장하였지만 1990년대에 와서 널리 사용되게 되었다. 유사맥락에서는 '기술소양'(technology literacy)이란 말과 '정보소양'이란 말이 공히 널리 쓰이고 있지만 점자 '정보소양'이란 말로 수렴되어 가는 추세이다. '기술소양'에서 '기술'이란 교육공학을 의미하며 이때 소양이란 교육공학 기기, 소프트웨어, 정보 사용상의 능숙 혹은 통달을 의미한다. 교육적 정보소양 혹은 기술소양의 기준에 있어서는 국제교육공학헙회(ISTE)를 중심으로 학생정보소양기준과 교사정보소양기준이 제시되고 있는 바, 특수 정보기술보다는 문제해결식 접근방법과 전반적인 비판적 능력이나 평가적 능력을 강조하는 경향이다. 하지만 이들 기준들은 학교 및 도서관 지도자들에 대한 큰 영향력에도 불구하고 구체적 기기, 프로그램 사용 행동 등에 대한 구체적 통달수준은 제시하고 있지 않아서 졸업이나 교사자격습득을 위한 최소 완습수준에 대한 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

중등교육 개혁론

한일조,정진국 대구효성가톨릭대학교 교육연구소 1995 교육연구논집 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate current conditions of Korean secondary education and to suggest some suggestions for its reform. For this purpose, specific questions concerning current conditions of education, determining factors for educational qualities, and possible areas of improvement in the secondary level of education were pursued. The result is as following: Korean secondary education has achieved a great deal in its scale and numbers for the last half century. However, it is still far behind in its qualitative aspect, if the ‘quality’ in education is defined as relative proximity to the educational goal of moral or total growth as human being. Thus, several things are suggested for its improvement. (1) Curriculum should be regularly maintained, without disruptive operation due to excessive emphasis put on examinations. (2) Not only efficiency, but validity also should be respected in educational process and evaluation. (3) There should be more variety and openness in educational ladder system. (4) Educational policies must be stable, and should allow some degree of autonomy for individual schools and universities. (5) People’s unwarranted beliefs in credentialism should be abandoned or redirected.

정보화 사회를 위한 지식 메타포와 지식교육의 새 요소

한일조 한국교육학회 대구·경북지회 1997 교육학논총 Vol.18 No.-

The purpose of this study was to ①examine several metaphors of knowledge in order to seek an appropriate knowledge concept for information-age, ②clarify the communicational environments around knowledge education, and ③provide some suggestions for changing knowledge education in information-age. The result is as following: (1) Three basic metaphors for the concept of knowledge are identified as 'mirror' 'lens,' and 'tool.' Among them the 'tool' metaphor is regarded as most germane to the knowledge education in the information-age. (2) The change of educational environments in the information-age is consist of ever-increasing uses of telecommunication skills, multimedia, and hypertexts. (3) There are some emphasis needed to be put for the appropriate knowledge education in the information-age: on training for info-search skills together with checking ability, training for editing skills for texts, images, and hypertexts with problem-solving ability, and training for telecommunication skills and active use of informations. And as a whole, for the proper adjustment to the information-age, integrated multi-subject classes are preferred to independent single subject classes.

미국 법정판례에 나타난 교육의 평등과 재정중립의 개념

한일조 한국교육학회 대구·경북지회 1997 교육학논총 Vol.16 No.-

Korean society recently has adopted local determinism in various aspects. Education is not exception. However, local determination may unexpectedly result in differences of educational expenditure per student among local school districts. So, this study intends to help Korean society make prepared itself for the would-be legal issuings concerning unequal distribution of educational expenditures. With this aim in view, this study focused on identifying and analyzing major legal cases concerning school finance in American courts, with the purpose of reding some basic principles of equality that American courts seek to embody through their rulings. As a framework for the analysis, Wise's 9 concepts of equal educational opportunity were consulted. The result is as following. In early cases, such as McInnis and Rodriguez, the court was reluctant to interfere with the mainly locally controlled school finance area. In these cases, American courts, especially the U.S. Supreme Court seemed to put more emphasis on the principle of autonomy than that of equality. In finance, court seemed to admit the 'maximum variance ratio' principle. However, with the Serrano case as turning point, where plaintiffs based their complaints rather on education provisions in the state constitutions rather than the equal protection clause of the U.S. Constitution, 'fiscal neutrality' has been ruling courts. In succeeding several cases(such as Robinson, Seattle, Cincinnati cases), more positive configuration of 'educational adequacy' has been sought. This concept tends to be intimately related to the principle which is inclined to emphasize 'basic education.' As for the method of distributing educational finance, the court did not show a great respect for flat grant and low level foundation program. Through evidences submitted in courts, flat grant was seen ineffective in lessening the differences of expenditure since it could not reflect special needs of particular students and local property valuation status. Foundation program decided at low level also did not help very much since it could not guarantee the necessary basic education for all and could not control additional sum from local leeway taxes in rich districts. Seeking educational fairness, only 'full state funding' and 'district power equalizing' or foundation program decided at sufficiently high level were recommended. As for Korean future, it is suggested that a proper model of educational fairness should be prepared. And considering provisions concerning education in Constitution, it is well recommended not to abandon traditionally centralized system of educational finance, especially in the area of obligatory free education. And there needs to be much concern for students with special needs, too.

미국 교사교육의 개혁동향 및 시사점

한일조,정일환 한국비교교육학회 1994 比較敎育硏究 Vol.4 No.1

로어티의 이상사회와 교육 : 교사교육에의 함의

한일조 한국교원교육학회 2000 한국교원교육연구 Vol.17 No.1

본 논문은 20세기 후반 제시된 교육에 대한 여러 가지 대안적 사상들 중 비교적 탈현대적 조건을 충실히 반영하면서도 그 문제 극복의 의지가 강하게 나타나고 있는 미국의 신신용주의 철학자 리처드 로어티의 사회와 교육에 대한 주장들이 갖는 가능성과 제한점을 검토하고 그것이 갖는 교사교육에 대한 시사점을 찾는 것을 목적으로 한다. 구체적으로는 로어티의 비본질주의적 인간관과 자유주의적 사회관, 그리고 사회화와 자기발전을 중심으로 한 교육의 역할에 대한 기대를 분석하고 그의 사상이 시사하는 교사교육에의 함의를 제시한다.

정보화 사회에서의 지식교육의 방향

한일조 金烏工科大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

The purpose of this study was to ① examine several metaphors of knowledge in order to seek an appropriate knowledge concept for information-age, ② clarify the communicational environments around knowledge education, and ③ provide some suggestions for changing knowledge education in information-age. The result is as following: (1) Three basic metaphors for the concept of knowledge are identified as 'mirror,' 'lens,' and 'tool.' Among them the 'tool' metaphor is regarded as most germane to the knowledge education in the information-age. (2) The change of educational environments in the information-age is consist of ever-increasing uses of telecommunication skills, multimedia, and hypertexts. (3) There are some emphasis needed to be put, for the appropriate knowledge education in the information-age: on training for info-search skills together with checking ability, training for editing skills for texts, images, and hypertexts with problem-solving ability, and training for telecommunication skills and active use of informations. And as a whole, for the proper adjustment to the information-age, integrated multi-subject classes are preferred to independent single subject classes.

미국의 교사교육에 있어서 정보기술소양의 내용과 기준

한일조,신호균 한국의사결정학회 2001 경영과학연구 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contents and standards of Information Literacy or Information Technology Literacy current trend in America, and to give some suggestions for the preparation of prospective teachers in Korea. Although the concept Information Literacy seemed to be coined in the late 1970's, the term became more popular in the 1990's. Both Technology Literacy and Information Literacy are in popular to use. The Technology in Technology Literacy connotes Educational Technology, meaning familiarity and proficiency in use of technological systems, software, and information. For the contents and standards of Information or Technology Literacy, ISTE(International Society for Technology in Education) issued two national standards in this area: one for students, and the other for teachers. However, these standards, despite their extensive influence on leaders of schools and libraries, did not hint any level of mastery in specific system, application, and behaviors. So there remains need for the investigation of both students and teachers required mastery levels for graduation or certification.

탈현대사회에서의 교육의 역할

한일조 한국비교교육학회 1998 比較敎育硏究 Vol.8 No.2

미국 교육사학의 수정주의 논쟁

韓日照 한국교육학회 1994 敎育學硏究 Vol.32 No.1

본고에서 필자는 미국 교육과 미국 교육학에 대한 이해에 도움이 될 수 있다는 취지에서, 미국 敎育史學에 있어서 수정주의의 발달을 그 중심 쟁점의 변천을 중심으로 논의하였다. 첫번째 수정주의 논쟁은 교육학 외부의 역사학자들 이 교육사를 문화사의 한 일맥으로 보기를 요구하게 되었을 때 생겨 났으며 논쟁의 촛점은 역사학자들의 수정의 동기에 두어졌다. 두번째 논쟁은 급진적 수정주의자들이 신자유주의적 개혁을 공격하기 위해 그 대표적 표적으로 Dewey를 비판하였을 때 일어나게 되었으며 논쟁의 촛점은 폴랜드계 이민집단의 문제에 있어서의 Dewey의 역할에 관한 것이었다. 세번째 논쟁은 미국사회에 있어서 교육의 역할이란 문제에 관한 것이었는데 급진주의자들이 부정적 입장을 취하고 있는데 반해 Ravitch는 미국교육의 과거를 옹호하고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다.