7가지 시비처리가 물푸레나무, 들메나무, 잣나무, 전나무 묘목의 생장 및 양분농도에 미치는 영향

한시호 ( Si Ho Han ),변재경 ( Jae Kyung Byun ),조민석 ( Min Seok Cho ),안지영 ( Ji Young An ),박관수 ( Gwan Soo Park ),김세빈 ( Se Bin Kim ),박병배 ( Byung Bae Park ) 한국임학회 2016 한국산림과학회지 Vol.105 No.2

시비는 고정포지에서 연속적인 묘목 생산에 의해 발생할 수 있는 양분 부족을 예방하고 건전한 묘목 생산을 위해 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 물푸레나무, 들메나무, 잣나무, 전나무 묘목을 대상으로 무처리인 대조구를 포함하여, 단일원소비료 질소(N 13.8 g·m(-2)), 인(P 6.1 g·m(-2)), 칼륨(K 7.5 g·m(-2)) 처리와 NPK복합비료 1x(N 6.9 g·m(-2), P 3.05 g·m(-2), K 3.75 g·m(-2)), 2x(1x의 2배량), 4x(1x의 4배량) 처리가 묘목의 생장과 양분 변화에 미치는 영향을 양분벡터분석법(Vector diagnosis method)으로 정량화하였다. 토양 pH는 시비량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 치환성 칼슘과 마그네슘은 질소와 복합비료 처리에서 감소하였다. 물푸레나무와 들메나무는 질소와 복합비료 시비에서 수고와 근원경이 유의하게 증가하였고, 잣나무와 전나무는 처리에 따른 차이가 없었다. 물푸레나무와 들메나무는 대조구에 비해 복합비료 처리에서 약 2배의 물질량 증가를 보였다. 양분벡터반응은 수종과 시비처리에 따라 상이한 경향을 보였는데, 물푸레나무는 식물체 내 질소 농도와 함께 질소함량이 감소되는 "양분희석" 현상이 나타났고, 식물체 인과 칼륨은 4x처리에서 식물체 농도 변동 없이 함량이 증가하는 "양분최적" 현상을 보였다. 들메나무는 질소, 인, 칼륨의 단일원소비료 처리에서 건중량의 변화 없이 질소 함량을 감소시키는 "체내이동" 현상을 보였으며, 복합비료 처리는 정도는 다르지만 "양분희석" 현상을 보였다. 본 연구는 양묘과정에서 물푸레나무와 들메나무는 적절한 시비가 요구되지만, 잣나무와 전나무는 시비가 필수적이지 않음을 보여주고 있다. Fertilization is required to keep the balance of tissue nutrients and to produce high quality seedlings at the permanent nursery. This study was conducted to verify the optimum fertilization method for Fraxinus rhynchophylla, F. mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Abies holophylla seedlings with vector diagnosis method. Seven treatments include nitrogen (N, 13.8 g·m(-2)), phosphorus (P, 6.1 g·m(-2)), potassium (K, 7.5 g·m(-2)) fertilization and 1x (N 6.9·g m(-2), P 3.05 g·m(-2), K 3.65 g·m(-2)), 2x (twice of 1x), 4x (four times of 1x) fertilization and no fertilization. Soil pH decreased as fertilization increased. Nitrogen and NPK fertilization decreased exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations. Height and root collar diameter of F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica significantly increased with N and NPK fertilization, but those of P. koraiensis and A. holophylla did not. The biomass of F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica was about twice higher at NPK fertilization compared to the control. The responses of vector diagnosis were different by tree species and fertilization treatment: F. rhynchophylla was in the status of N "dilution", which means the N concentration decreases with N content. Phosphorus and K were "sufficiency" state with 4x fertilization. F. mandshurica showed "retranslocation" as N content decreased without change of dry weight at N, P, K fertilization, but "dilution" state at NPK fertilization. This result suggested that optimal fertilization was required for F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica in seedling production stage, but was not essential for P. koraiensis and A. holophylla.

연구논문(硏究論文) : 유기질 및 화학비료 처리수준이 어린 백합나무 생장 및 양분농도에 미치는 영향

한시호 ( Si Ho Han ),안지영 ( Ji Young An ),최형순 ( Hyung Soon Choi ),조민석 ( Min Seok Cho ),박병배 ( Byung Bae Park ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.5

Soil nutrient management is important to maintain the constant productivity of seedling production in the nursery for successful forest restoration. This study investigated the effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizer application levels on the growth, soil properties, and nutrient concentrations of yellow poplar seedlings. One-year-old yellow poplar seedlings were treated with the combination of 3 level organic manures(0, 5 Mg/ha, 10 Mg/ha; mixture of poultry manure, cattle manure, swine manure, and sawdust) and 3 level nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(NPK) chemical fertilizers(0, 1x(urea, 30 g/m2; fused superphosphate, 70 g/m2; potassium chloride, 15 g/m2), 2x). Organic manure significantly increased the soil pH and the concentrations of nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium. In contrast, the NPK chemical fertilizer decreased the soil pH and exchangeable calcium concentration, did not affect the soil concentrations of nitrogen and magnesium, and increased the concentrations of available phosphorous and exchangeable potassium. Both organic manure and NPK chemical fertilizer treatments increased the seedling height, root collar diameter, and dry weight by 39% and 25%, respectively. The treatment with manure 5 Mg/ha and NPK 2x chemical fertilizer mostly increased seedling dry weight by 2.6 times more than that of the control. Compared to the effects of the fertilization treatments on the soil properties, the effects on nutrient concentrations in the leaves were relatively small. These findings indicate that organic manure that was derived from livestock byproducts and sawdust can be utilized with chemical fertilizer to improve seedling production as well as conserving soil quality.

The effects of biomaterials in growing medium on the response of Zelkova serrata in a containerized production system

윤우빈,한시호,서정민,AUNGAUNG,Huong Thi Thuy Dao,안지영,박병배,조민석 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2019 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.46 No.4

Changes in the physical and chemical properties of soil materials during the nursing process have a great influence on the quality of containerized seedlings and on growth and survival after planting. In this study, the effect of biomaterials and their mixed ratios on the growth of Zelkova serrata seedlings in a containerized seedling production system was investigated. Mushroom sawdust, pine bark, and carbonized rice husk were used as biomaterials. The mixed ratios were 10% and 20% volume ratio of the growing medium volume, including the untreated controls. There was no significant difference in the height growth of the Zelkova serrata seedlings according to the biomaterials. The root collar diameter was the highest with the 20% carbonized rice husk and the lowest with the mushroom sawdust. The difference between the highest quality index and the lowest quality index was 30% in the order of the carbonized rice husk, pine bark, control, and mushroom sawdust, but there was no statistical significance. In this study, if the growing medium mixed with biomaterials does not reduce the seedling growth compared with the control, it is considered that the biomaterial can replace a part of the growing media. Therefore, the results show that some of the growing media can be replaced with carbonized rice husk or pine bark when producing Zelkova serrata seedlings.

Biochar effects on the seedling quality of Quercus serrata and Prunus sargentii in a containerized production system

AUNGAUNG,한시호,윤우빈,Loth Meng,조민석,박병배 한국산림과학회 2018 Forest Science And Technology Vol.14 No.3

Biochars are used to improve soil quality and crop productivity as well as to increase carbon sequestration in soil. However, it is important to identify the characteristics of biochar prior to its application because of the positive and negative effects on soil and crop productivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of charcoals on the growth and seedling quality of Quercus serrata and Prunus sargentii in a containerized seedling production system. Two of the charcoals used in our research were from oak tree; one produced at 1200 C and the other at 700800 C, and a bamboo charcoal produced at about 800 C. Three charcoals were mixed with artificial soil (peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite with a ratio of 1:1:1 (v/v/v)), and applied commercial fertilizer at two concentrations; 0.5 and 1.0 g L1. Growth parameters, such as height, root collar diameter, and dry weight, were decreased in charcoal treatments compared to control. However, charcoal treatments significantly increased the quality index of seedlings by 8.3% in Q. serrata and by 19.9% in P. sargentii. Our results suggested that charcoal can be applied to improve seedl

전국 풀베기사업 현황분석 및 연차별 조림목 생장 연구

박병배,서정민,한시호,윤우빈,정연국,남궁보선,이상직,이상익 한국산림과학회 2020 한국산림과학회지 Vol.109 No.2

Weeding refers to the process of removing weeds around crop trees, which cause competition in nutrients, moisture, and light, and has a great effect on the early growth and survival of crop trees for establishing forest resources. This study was conducted to find out the timing and method of weeding that is the most suitable for the major afforestation species in national forests. We investigated (1) weeding time and frequency for each afforestation species and (2) the height of crop trees and the length of weeds. Up to 99% weeding operation was carried out until 5 years following afforestation. Pinus densiflora, Larix kaempferi, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Prunus sargentii, and Betula platyphylla plantations accounted for more than 70% of the total weeding sites. Once-a-year weeding process was conducted from late June to late July (67%), and twice-a-year weeding process was the highest in June–August by 31%. Most species were shorter than the weeds until the first and second year of planting, but the height of the crop trees was higher than that of the weeds by 48% in average from the third year. Therefore, from the third year of afforestation, except for some species, it is possible to reduce the cost of weeding operations while reducing nutrient competition by the weeds through the removal of weed sprouts, mainly woody weeds, rather than clear cutting. This study contributes to efficiently develop forest resource establishment while reducing operational costs through a detailed weeding schedule and species-specific method. 풀베기작업은 양분, 수분, 광량의 경쟁을 유발시키는 조림목 주변의 잡초목을 제거하는 작업으로, 조림 수종의 활착 및 초기 생장에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 주요 조림 수종에 적합한 풀베기 시기와 방법을 알아보기 위하여 전국 국유림을 대상으로 조림수종별 풀베기 시기 및 횟수, 조림목의 수고와 잡초목의 길이를 분석하였다. 조림 후 5년 내의 조림지에서 풀베기사업의 99%가 이뤄지고 있었으며, 소나무, 낙엽송, 편백, 산벚나무, 자작나무 조림지가 풀베기 전체 대상지중 70% 이상을 차지하였다. 연 1회 풀베기사업은 6월 하순부터 7월 하순까지 67% 실시되었고, 연 2회 풀베기는 6월과 8 월이 31%로 가장 높았다. 일부 수종을 제외한 대부분의 수종이 조림 당년과 2년 후까지 잡초목에 비해 수고가 낮았지만, 조림 3년 후부터 잡초목의 길이보다 조림목의 수고가 평균 48% 더 높았다. 따라서, 대부분의 수종은 조림 3년 후부터 모두베기 방식의 풀베기보다는 조림목과 경쟁하는 목본류 위주의 제거작업을 통해 잡초목과의 경쟁을 감소시키고, 작업자의작업량 또한 줄일 수 있다고 판단된다. 본 연구는 각 지역에 적합한 수종별 풀베기사업 일정과 방법을 반영한다면 효율적인 산림자원육성이 가능함을 제안하고 있다.

Effects of cumulative fertilization pattern on growth and nutrient concentrations of Chamaecyparis obtusa seedlings

안지영,배기강,한시호,조민석,박병배 한국산림과학회 2016 Forest Science And Technology Vol.12 No.4

The objective of this study was to investigate plant growth and nutrient uptake of Chamaecyparis obtusa seedlings with heavy fertilization treatment depending on previous fertilization experience. In a previous year, one-year-old Chamaecyparis obtusa seedlings were planted at a nursery with two levels of fertilization: the first group was fertilized with a mixed nitrogen–phosphorus (N-P) fertilizer of N 41.4 g m¡2, P 18.3 g m¡2 and the second group was unfertilized as a control. After one year, seedlings of similar height and root diameter were planted into 30-l pots and underwent two treatments: no fertilization for control and heavy fertilization with Basacote 80 g pot¡1. In the control, the plants’ growth exhibited no differences according to previous fertilization experience; in the case of heavily fertilized plants, seedlings which had experienced previous fertilization showed a 29% increase in height and a 63% increase in above-ground biomass production than did seedlings with no fertilization in the previous year. The biomass allocation to below-ground was low for the heavily fertilized seedlings regardless of previous treatments. N and P concentrations of the seedlings, measured at the leaf and root, were irrelevant to previous fertilization, but were higher in the heavily fertilized plants. This study suggests that previous fertilization experience at the nursery stage may reduce the stress induced by initial heavy fertilization during out-planting.

The effects of additive biomaterials and their mixed-ratios in growing medium on the growth of Quercus serrata container seedlings

서정민,안지영,박병배,한시호,윤우빈,AUNGAUNG,Huong Thi Thuy Dao,조민석 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2019 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.46 No.1

The materials of artificial soils in the production process of container seedlings have a great influence on plant growth. Peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite have been used as major components of artificial soils for many years; however, they could decrease carbon fixation carried out by the soil and cause environmental problems such as a change in the water quality. Thus, environmental friendly materials to replace them must be developed. The purpose of this study was to verify the optimum additive materials of artificial soils and their mixed ratios for the growth and seedling quality index (SQI) of Quercus serrata. Rice husk, mushroom sawdust, and pine bark were each used as an additive material and mixed into the growth medium at 10% and 20% of the total volume. There was no significant difference in the height growth of Q. serrata. The 20% mushroom sawdust decreased the root collar diameter by 23.4% compared to the control. The total dry weight was highest with the 10% rice husk and was significantly lower by 10.3% for the 20% mushroom sawdust compared to the control. Additionally, the SQI for all the treatments showed no tendency to increase compared with the control. Thus, this study showed the possibility of recycling biomaterials from agriculture and forest for seedling production. This method could reduce environmental problems and help eco-friendly nurseries to achieve a carbon negative impact by the recycling of by-products.

The Effects of Biochar Made by Oaks on the Growth and Seedling Quality Index of Prunus sargentii in a Containerized Production System

윤우빈,Loth Meng,한시호,Aung Aung,조민석,박병배 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of biochar mixed ratios made by oaks on the growth andquality index of Prunus sargentii seedlings in a containerized seedling production system. We treated biocharmade by oak charcoal with 10% and 20% volume ratio of the artificial soil including the untreated control andapplied two levels of 0.5 and 1.0 g/L fertilization treatments. Generally, growth parameters including height,root collar diameter, and dry weight were decreased by biochar treatments and there were no fertilizationeffects. However, 10% biochar treatment significantly increased quality index by 26% compared to that ofcontrol. Our results suggested the oak charcoal, a kind of biochar, can be substituted up to 10% of the artificialsoil in the containerized P. sargentii seedling production system and expect to increase the survival rate in thebeginning of the plantation.

The effect of soil heterogeneity and container length on the growth of Populus euramericana in a greenhouse study

Afroja Rahman,Loth Meng,한시호,서기천,정문호,박병배 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2018 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.45 No.2

Soil characteristics along with various container lengths have an important role in the early survival rate and growth of seedlings by influencing the seedling quality. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of container length and different soil mixtures on the growth of poplar in a greenhouse. Two types of soil, homogeneous vs. heterogeneous, were used along with two container lengths (30 vs. 60 cm). The heterogeneous soil was made by dividing 50% vermiculite from a mixture of 25% vermicompost and 25% nursery soil in volume. For the homogeneous soil, the above three soil types were mixed together. Populus euramericana clone cuttings were planted in late April, and then, the growth height, root collar diameter (RCD) and biomass were measured in August. The height of the poplar was not significantly affected by container length and soil type, but the RCD was significantly affected by soil type. Leaf and root biomass was higher at the long container than at the short container for both soil treatments, but stem biomass was lower at the heterogeneous soil than at the homogeneous soil treatment. Root to shoot biomass ratio was higher at the heterogeneous soil treatment than at the homogeneous soil treatment by 12%. In conclusion, heterogeneous soil along with a long container is suitable to increase the carbon allocation into the root.

Effects of three biomaterials mixed with growing media on seedling quality of Prunus sargentii

AUNGAUNG,윤우빈,서정민,Huong Thi Thuy Dao,한시호,조민석,박병배 한국산림과학회 2019 Forest Science And Technology Vol.15 No.1

Quality of produced seedlings relies mainly on the substrate on which it grows and develops. In this study, three common biomaterials – pine bark, carbonized rice husk and mushroom sawdust, were mixed with growing media in two ratios (10% and 20%) to assess their effects on growth and seedling quality of Prunus sargentii seedlings in containerized production system. Generally, 10% pine bark treatment showed the highest results among others in some parameters of seedling growth – height and root collar diameter. For total biomass, 10% rice husk treatment was highest, followed by 10% pine bark treatment. Seedling quality index at 10% rice husk treatment resulted highest (24% increase compared to control) followed by 10% pine bark treatment (20% increase compared to control). Our results suggested that both rice husk and pine bark can be used in 10% mixed ratio to growing media to gain the qualified P. sargentii seedlings in forest nurseries, which in turn, will help to establish successful reforestation in the field.