中国自動車部品産業の対日質的貿易競争力の研究

한기조,김영근 한국일본근대학회 2019 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.64

This study analyze and compare the qualitative trade competitiveness of China with Japan relative to the auto parts industry from 2000 to 2015. The results and findings are as follows. First, China has continued to show a trade deficit with Japan in the auto parts industry, but it has been significantly reduced since peaking in 2010. Second, while it was confirmed that the engine and its parts were comparatively inferior to the Japanese, the chassis and the body were switched into comparative advantage over the comparative disadvantage. In addition, the competitiveness of parts and accessories for automobile have been improved over the study period since 2010. Finally, on the basis of trade value, the qualitative analysis of trade competitiveness shows that the qualitative trade competitiveness of the Chinese auto parts industry has not been improved significantly. VIITH’s proportion in IIT (total intra-industry trade) has greatly increased, but VIITH’s proportion is still smaller than VIITL and HIIT, VIITL is slightly increased, and HIIT’s propotion is greatly reduced. However, on the basis of the number of items, it can be considered that the qualitative trade competitiveness of China’s auto parts industry has greatly improved, since the proportion of VIITH in IIT has slightly increased, but it is still much smaller than that of VIITL and HIIT, and the proportion of VIITL has greatly decreased and the proportion of HIIT has greatly expanded, In other words, China mainly exports low quality and competitive items to Japan, but it shows that it exports more competitive items than low quality items in the automobile parts industry. 本稿は中国自動車部品産業を対象に2000-15年間日本との貿易における一般的な貿易競争力の分析と共に質的な貿易競争力の分析を行い、次のような結果が得られた。 第一に、中国自動車部品産業は日本との貿易において貿易赤字が続いてきたが、2010年をピックにその後大きく縮小した。 第二に、エンジンとその部分品は依然として比較劣位におかれていたが、シャシと車体は比較劣位から優位に転じて貿易競争力が強くなった。そして自動車用部分品及び附属品は2010年以後比較劣位から競合的になり、貿易競争力の改善が確認された。 最後に、質的な貿易競争力であるが、貿易額基準では、VIITHのシェアは大きく増加したが、依然としてVIITLとHIITのシェアより小さく、VIITLのシェアが若干増加し、HIITのシェアが大きく縮小したので、中国自動車部品産業の質的な競争力はそれほど大きく改善されてこなかった。ところが、品目数基準では、同期間にVIITHのシェアはやや増加したが、依然としてVIITLとHIITのシェアよりずっと小さく、VIITLのシェアが大幅に縮小し、HIITのシェアが大きく拡大したので、中国自動車部品産業の質的な競争力は大きく改善してきたと言える。即ち中国自動車部品産業は、日本に対して貿易額基準では、依然として劣位品質の品目および競合的なものを輸出し、優位品質のものを輸入してきたが、品目数基準では、劣位品質より競合的なものをより多く輸出し、優位品質の品目を輸入してきたことが確認された。

한국 철강산업의 對중 및 對일 경쟁력에 관한 연구 - 對일본 경쟁력을 중심으로 -

한기조 한국동북아경제학회 2011 동북아경제연구 Vol.- No.2

중국 철강산업의 對한국 및 對일본 경쟁력 분석

한기조,김영근 한국자료분석학회 2008 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.10 No.1

This paper analyses the trade structure of Chinese steel industry with Korea and Japan. The results show that China gains an advantage over Korea in competitiveness of steel industry except a few items including stainless steel. But, we verify that China is still less competitive than Japan in steel industry. In other words, the level of competitiveness of China already lies over Korea's level of competitiveness, and Japan is keeping the high level of competitiveness to Korea and China. Finally, the fact is found from this study, that Korea is not a nutcracker any more between China and Japan, but China is now the nutcracker between Korea and Japan. Hence, three strategies for improving competitiveness in korea's steel industry and helping it catch up Chinese and Japanese steel industry are as follows: The first strategy is solving the disproportion among the production processes and increasing efficiency in production through structural reform like as M&As between firms. The second is developing new technology in production process and more high value-added products. Finally the third is scaling up the size of steel-distribution industry and improving its service. 본고는 중국을 중심으로 중국, 한국 및 일본을 대상으로 하여 철강산업의 무역구조를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 중국 철강산업은 한국에 대해서는 스테인리스강과 같은 일부 품목을 제외하고는 전체적으로 경쟁적이거나 경쟁력 우위에 있다. 그러나 일본에 대해서는 여전히 경쟁력 열위에 놓여있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 다시 말해서, 중국 철강산업의 경쟁력 수준은 이미 한국 철강산업을 따라잡았으며, 일본 철강산업은 여전히 한국과 중국 철강산업에 비하여 높은 경쟁력 수준을 유지하고 있다. 이러한 결과, 한국이 일본과 중국 사이에 끼인 넛크랙커(nutcracker) 상태가 아니라 오히려 중국이 對한 경쟁력 우위와 對일 경쟁력 열위 사이에 끼인 넛크랙커 상태를 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 이러한 현실을 바탕으로 한국 철강산업이 중국과 일본의 철강산업을 따라잡고 경쟁력을 획득하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 전략이 바람직하다고 생각된다. 첫째, M&A 등의 구조조정을 통한 생산체제의 효율성 향상, 둘째, 공정기술 혁신과 제품의 고부가가치와 차별화, 셋째, M&A 등의 구조조정을 통한 국내 철강유통산업의 대형화와 서비스 고도화 등이다.

일본 경제의 정체와 산업공동화의 가능성에 대하여

한기조 한국무역통상학회 2005 학술발표대회 Vol.2005 No.1

한국 철강산업의 대 중국 경쟁력 변화 연구

한기조 대한중국학회 2017 대한중국학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.2017 No.1

중국 제3자물류의 발전방안에 관한 고찰

한기조,하강 한국무역통상학회 2007 학술발표대회 Vol.2007 No.1

韓國 鐵鋼産業의 對中 및 對日 競爭力에 關한 硏究-對中國 競爭力을 中心으로-

한기조,최신 한일경상학회 2011 韓日經商論集 Vol.50 No.-

본고는 한국 철강산업의 대(対)중 경쟁력에 대해 산업내무역의 분석을 통해 검토하고, 수직적 산업내무역의 결정요인에 대해 검증하였다. 기존 연구에 의하면, 한국철강산업은 각종 무역경쟁력지수로 보았을 때 2005년을 경계로 하여 그 이후 경쟁력이 약화되었다. 그러나 본고의 산업내무역 분석 결과에 의하면, 한국 철강산업의 대중 경쟁력이 단지 약화되었다고만은 할 수 없다. 즉, 한국 철강산업은 중국에 대해 확실히 대량의 저부가가치의 철강제품을 수입하는 것에 의해 무역경쟁력지수로 보면 수출경쟁력이 약화된 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 산업내무역으로 보면, 한국철강산업의 대중 경쟁력은 약하지 않으며, 여전히 중국보다 기술수준이 높다는 것이 확인되었다. 즉, 한국은 중국에 대해 주로 우위품질의 철강제품을 수출하고 중국으로부터는 열위품질의 철강제품을 수입하고 있다. 이러한 무역구조이다. 하지만 시계열로 보면 이러한 무역구조가 점차 붕괴되어가고 있으며, 경쟁력이 약화되어 가고 있다는 점을 간과할 수는 없다. 그리고 수직적 산업내무역의 결정요인에 대한 검증 결과, 한국의 대중 철강산업에 대해 ODI는 우위품질 및 열위품질의 수직적 산업내무역에 양(+)의 효과를, 공교육비지출이 높을수록 우위품질의 수직적 산업내무역에 양의 효과를, 열위품질의 수직적 산업내무역에 음(-)의 효과를 미친다는 결과를 얻었다.

中国 自動車部品産業의 對日比較優位 分析

한기조,서봉교 한국일본근대학회 2014 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.43

본고는 2002년에서 2012년까지 중국과 일본 자동차부품산업의 무역 구조를 분석했다. 일본과의 무역에서 중국 자동차부품산업의 경쟁력은 지난 10년간 세계시장에서 빠른 수출 증가와 더불어 개선되어 왔지만, 중국은 여전히 다음과 같은 이유로 인해 자동차부품산업에서 일본에 대해 비교열위에 놓여 있다. 첫째, 경쟁력이 개선된 일부 품목은 저부가가치 품목이며, 중국은 고부가가치 품목을 포함한 대부분의 자동차부품 수입을 일본에 과도하게 의존하고 있다. 둘째, 대 일본 수입에서 일부 소수 품목의 수입집중도가 너무 높다. 마지막으로, 중국은 비정상적으로 일본에 경쟁력열위의 자동차부품을 수출하고 있다는 것이다. 따라서 중국은 자동차부품 산업의 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해서는 위와 같은 약점을 극복해야 할 것으로 판단된다. This paper has analysed the trade structure of China auto parts industry with Japan during the period of 2002-2012. The results show that the Competitiveness of China auto parts industry in trade with Japan has been improved slowly as the fast-growing export in the world market over the past decade. However, China still has comparative disadvantage to Japan in auto parts industry because of the following reasons. First, some of items that has gained the competitiveness are low value-added items, and China excessively rely on Japan in the import of most auto part including high value-added items. Second, it is too high for some items’ import concentration ratio of auto parts in import from Japan. Finally, China has been unusually exported auto part items of weak competitiveness to Japan. Therefore, China auto parts industry must overcome these weaknesses to gain the competitiveness advantage.

中日鉄鋼産業における質的貿易競争力の分析

한기조 한국일본근대학회 2018 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.59

This paper examines the qualitative trade competitiveness by based on an intra-industry trade including general trade competitiveness in the Chinese steel industry in trade with Japan during the period of 2000-2014. First, Chinese steel industry appears to be weak such as steel plates, bar & section steels, steel materials, etc except competitive ‘other steel products’ in trade with Japan. Especially, it shows that competitiveness of steel materials appears to be weak. However, despite the fact that the competitiveness toward Japan is weak, it is certain that all other items except steel materials are tend to improve. Second, Other steel products and bar & section steels have still maintained the comparative advantage, except for steel materials and steel plates placed on the comparative disadvantage. Third, As an intra-industry trade is analyzed in order to evaluate the qualitative trade competitiveness in trade with Japan, China has done a horizontal intra-industry trade mainly in steel materials’ trade with Japan, and since a VIITL has been decreased but a VIITH has been expanded, the qualitative trade competitiveness has been improved in steel materials. It has been exported not only low quality items, but also high quality products in steel plates’ trade, and since a VIITL has been decreased but a HIIT has been expanded, the qualitative competitiveness has been improved in steel plates. And bar & section steels and other steel products were found to have a very high proportion of a low quality items in export to Japan, and there was no improvement in the qualitative competitiveness. 本稿は、中国鉄鋼産業の日本との貿易において質的な競争力の変化をみるために、2000年から2014年までを研究期間として一般的な貿易競争力の分析と伴って産業内貿易の分析を行った。分析の結果を纏めると次のようになる。第一に、中国鉄鋼産業は日本との貿易において競争力の強いその他鉄鋼製品を除いて板類、棒形鋼、素材類など競争力が弱いと測定された。特に素材類の競争力が弱いと算出された。しかし日本に対する競争力が弱いというものの、素材類を除いてほかの品目はすべてそのほどが改善の傾向にあるのは確である。第二に、比較劣位に置かれている素材類と板類を除いてその他鉄鋼製品と棒形鋼類は依然として比較優位を維持している。第三に、日本との貿易における質的な貿易競争力をみるために、産業内貿易の分析を行ったが、素材類は主に水平的産業内貿易が行われ、VIITLが縮小しVIIThが拡大したので質的貿易競争力が改善された。板類は優位品質の輸出が多く行われ、またVIITLが縮小しHIITが拡大したので質的貿易競争力が改善された。棒形鋼類とその他鉄鋼製品は劣位品質の貿易比重が高く、質的な競争力の改善も見られなかった。

韓国鉄鋼産業の対日競争力分析

한기조,이홍배 한일경상학회 2009 韓日經商論集 Vol.42 No.-

This paper examines Korean steel industry's intra-industry trade(IIT) by disentangling vertical from horizontal IIT, and analyzes the determinants of both IIT types in trade with Japan during the period of 1991-2006. Korean steel industry's IIT with Japan has decreased from 1991 to 2006. This is because the competitiveness of Korean steel industry has weakened relatively. However, vertical intra-industry trade(VIIT) has increased faster than horizontal intra-industry trade(HIIT). especially its high quality VIIT, which has increased faster than low quality VIIT, implying that Korean steel industry's product quality has improved over time. and Korea's high quality VIIT is lager in trade with Japan. And the regression results show that the scale of economies have a positive effect on IIT, and the reduction of trade barriers have a positive effect on HIIT and a negative effect on VIIT. Hence, three strategies for improving competitiveness in korea's steel industry and helping it catch up Japanese steel industry are as follows: The first strategy is solving the disproportion among the production processes and increasing efficiency in production through structural reform like as M&As between firms. The second is developing new technology in production process and more high value-added products. Finally the third is scaling up the size of steel-distribution industry and improving its service.