하드웨어 소프트웨어 분할을 위한 ILP 구현

오주영(Ju-Young Oh),한갑수(Kap-Su Han),박도순(Do-Soon Park) 한국정보과학회 2000 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.2Ⅲ

본 논문에서는 통합설계에서 시간제약하의 최소비용 시스템 구현을 위한 분할의 최적해 탐색을 위한 ILP형식을 정의하고 실험에 의해 결과를 평가한다. 분할 문제는 각 노드의 하드웨어 소프트웨어 파티션 선택과 소프트웨어 실행을 위한 대상 노드의 스케쥴링 문제가 함께 고려되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 분할 단계에서 스케쥴링을 함께 고려하는 ILP형 정의를 위해 ASAP과 ALAP 스케쥴에 의해 유도되는 모빌리티와 시간 제약 조건, 종속성 제약 조건을 형식화하고, 목적함수인 최소 시스템 설계 비용 탐색을 위한 형을 정의한다. 정의된 형에 의한 ILP 구현은 다양한 벤치마크 검증에 의해 최적의 해를 결과를 보인다.

안전상비의약품 판매 이후 중독환자 특성 변화

김창영,이의중,이성우,김수진,한갑수,Kim, Chang Yeong,Lee, Eui Jung,Lee, Sung Woo,Kim, Su Jin,Han, Kap Su 대한임상독성학회 2018 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: On November 15, 2012, sales of OTC (Over-The-Counter) drugs began at convenience stores, which changed the accessibility of some drugs. As a result, the exposure and access patterns of these drugs could have changed. In this study, we reviewed the changes in the characteristics of drug poisoning patients because of the reposition of nonprescription drugs according to the revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate changes in characteristics of drug poisoning patients between 2008 and 2016. A registry was developed by an emergency medical center in a local tertiary teaching hospital, and patients who visited the center were enrolled in this registry. We compared two periods, from 2008 to 2012 (Pre OTC) and from 2013 to 2016 (Post OTC), for type of intoxicant, time from poisoning to visiting the emergency center, intention, psychiatric history, previous suicidal attempt, alcohol status, and emergency room outcomes. The primary outcome was the number of patients who took acetaminophen and NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Secondary outcomes were ICU admission rate, mortality rate, and number of patients who visited the ER when the pharmacy was closed after taking acetaminophen and NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Results: Among 1,564 patients, 945 and 619 patients visited the emergency room during pre and post OTC periods. The number of patients with acetaminophen and NSAIDs poisoning decreased from 9.2% to 6.1% (p=0.016). The ICU admission rate and mortality rate in the emergency room did not show significant results in the relevant patient groups, and so was the number of patients visiting ER when the pharmacy was closed taking acetaminophen and NSAIDs. Conclusion: Despite the sales of nonprescription drugs at convenience stores, the number of acetaminophen and NSAIDs poisoning patients decreased.

응급센터에서 시행하는 약물선별현장검사의 유용성

엄인경 ( In Kyung Um ),박종수 ( Jong Su Park ),한갑수 ( Kap Su Han ),조한진 ( Hanjin Cho ),최성혁 ( Sung Hyuck Choi ),이성우 ( Sung Woo Lee ),홍윤식 ( Yun Sik Hong ) 대한임상독성학회 2011 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Purpose: The role of a point of care test (POCT) is currently becoming important when treating patients and making decisions in the emergency department. It also plays a role for managing patients presenting with drug intoxication. But the availability of the test has not yet been studied in Korea. Therefore, we investigated the utility and the availability of POCT for drug screening used in the emergency department. Methods: This was a retrospective study for those patients with drug intoxication between January 2007 and December 2010 in an urban emergency department. Results: Between the study period, 543 patients were examined with a Triage□-TOX Drug Screen. Among those, 248 (45.7%) patients showed negative results and 295 (54.3%) patients showed positive results. The sensitivity of the test for benzodiazepine, acetaminophen and tricyclic antidepressants were 85.9%, 100%, 79.2%, respectively. Conclusion: POCT of drug screening in emergency department showed good accuracy especially in patient with benzodiazepine, acetaminophen and tricyclic antidepressant intoxication. Therefore, it can be useful diagnostic tool for the management of intoxicated patients.

119와 1339에 접수되는 중독 상담 정보의 변화 비교: 응급의료정보센터(1339) 통합 이후의 소방구급상황센터(119)에서의 병원 전 독성 물질 노출자료 현황 분석

박광훈 ( Kwang Hoon Park ),박종수 ( Jong Su Park ),이성우 ( Sung-woo Lee ),김수진 ( Su-jin Kim ),한갑수 ( Kap Su Han ),이의중 ( Eui Jung Lee ) 대한임상독성학회 2017 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the toxicologic profiles and outcome of poisoned patients by comparing the data obtained through telephone counselling, each provided by emergency medical information center (1339) and emergency dispatch center (119). Methods: We analyzed the telephone-based poison exposure data before and after Seoul 1339 merged to 119. We compared the Seoul 1339 call response data in 2008 with Seoul and Busan 119 call response data between 2014 and 2016. We analyzed the changes in the trend and quality of data obtained, as well as the quality of service provided by each center before and after this reallocation, by comparing the data each obtained through telephone counselling. Results: The data was collected for a total of 2260 toxin exposure related calls made to Seoul 1339 in 2009, and 1657 calls to 119 in Seoul and Busan between 2014 and 2016. Significant difference was observed for age, sex, and reason for exposure to toxic substance between the two groups. Conclusion: After the integration of 1339 with 119, 119 focused on role of field dispatch and hospital transfer, lacking the consulting on drug poisoning. Moreover, data on exposure to toxic substances at the pre-hospital stage indicate that drug information and counseling are missing or unknown. In addition, first aid or follow-up instructions are not provided. Thus, systematic approach and management are required.

아세트아미노펜 사용 편의성 증가 후 중독발생 위험의 지속적 관리 필요성

조승직 ( Seung Jik Jo ),강현영 ( Hyun Young Gang ),이시진 ( Si Jin Lee ),배규현 ( Gyu Hyun Bae ),이의중 ( Eui Jung Lee ),한갑수 ( Kap Su Han ),김수진 ( Su Jin Kim ),이성우 ( Sung Woo Lee ) 대한임상독성학회 2020 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Purpose: Since 2012, acetaminophen can be accessed easily not only at pharmacies but also at convenience stores. The relationship between the easy access of acetaminophen and the risk of poisoning has been controversial. Several studies also reported different results regarding the risk of acetaminophen poisoning after access to acetaminophen was relaxed. This study examined the long-term effects on the risk of acetaminophen poisoning after easy access to acetaminophen was implemented. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of an emergency department (ED)-based in-depth Injury Surveillance Cohort by the Korea Center for Disease Control and prevention from 2011 to 2018. Poisoning cases were selected from the Cohort, and the incidence of acetaminophen poisoning and the characteristics of the cases of acetaminophen poisoning were analyzed. The purchase path and the amount of ingestion in acetaminophen poisoning were sub-analyzed from data of six EDs. Results: Of 57,326 poisoning cases, 4.0% (2,272 cases) were acetaminophen poisoning. Of 2,272 cases of acetaminophen poisoning, 42.8% (974 cases) required in-patient care after ED management. Two hundred and sixty-four of these 964 cases required intensive care. The rates of cases that required in-patient treatment and the rates of cases that required intensive care increased from 29.4% in 2011 to 48.1% in 2018, and from 3.1% in 2011 to 15.2% in 2018, respectively (p<0.001, p<0.001). In the poisoning group with in-depth toxic surveillance (n=15,908), the incidence and proportion of acetaminophen (AAP) poisoning increased from 55 cases per year to 187 cases per year and 4.9% to 6.1%, respectively (p=0.009, p<0.001, respectively). The most common age group of acetaminophen poisoning was teenagers, which is different from the most common age group of other pharmaceutical agents: the middle age group of 40-49 years (p<0.001). Of 15,908 in-depth toxic surveillance patients, 693 patients had AAP poisoning, of whom 377 cases (54.2%) purchased acetaminophen from a non-pharmacy. The proportions of the purchase path from non-pharmacy were 41.4% at 2011-12 and 56.4% (2013-18) (p=0.004). The amount of acetaminophen ingestion was 13.5±14.3 g at 2011-12 and 13.9±15.1 g at 2013-18 (p=0.794). Conclusion: Although the incidence of acetaminophen poisoning did not increase remarkably in the short term after the implementation of the new regulation, the incidence of acetaminophen poisoning has increased slightly during the study period of 2017-18. In addition, the proportion of the purchase path from non-pharmacies has increased since the emergence of new regulations for the easy access of acetaminophen in 2012. The incidence of acetaminophen poisoning might have been affected after the increasing accessibility of acetaminophen in convenience stores. Continuous control of acetaminophen poisoning is required. Furthermore, the prevention of acetaminophen poisoning should be focused on teenagers with specialized school education programs.