Virus 에 감염된 대추나무의 이병엽과 (罹炳葉) 건전엽에 (健全葉) 있어서의 유리 (遊離) amino 산의 정성적 비교

홍순우(Soon Woo Hong),하영칠(Yung Chil Hah) 한국식물학회 1961 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.4 No.1

Hong, Soon-Wooe and Yung-Chil, Hah (Dept. of Botany, Seoul National University, Seoul, Kerea.) A compantive investigation of free amino acids in healthy and virus diseased Chinese date tree. Kor. Jour. Bot. 4 (1)9~12 1961 : A comparative investigation of free amino acids content in healthy check and virus diseased leaves of Chinese date tree, Zizyphus jujuqa Mill var. inermis Rhed, was carried out by authors throughout the growing season of 1959 and 1960 from June to October. The methods of qualitative analysis of free amino acids applied in this experiment is followed by Moore and Stein.^(1.2). free amino acids determined in this experiment are shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1. As the figure and the table are shown, three more amino acids such as glutarmine, asparagine and histidine are detected in the diseased material. The additiolal amino acids which are known as diamines in diseased leaves are conspicuous. It is presumed that the diamine might be increased by the self-reproduoion of the virus in cooporation with certain enzymes which are carrying out the protein metabolism in the host protoplast in contrast with the healthy checks which is carrying out normal protein metabolism,^(3.4.5). From the histological point of view, the facts of phloem degeneration or necrosis in diseased leaves, it seems to interrupt to move free amino acids from roots to leaves and it possibly takes place an excessive productitn of NH_3 which is diaminated by the metabolism of nitrogen compounds in such conditioned leaves.^(6.8) Therefore, it is also presumed that additional diamino acids are accumulated in diseased leaves. There are no change of amino acids in both materials of this plant throughout the growing season qualitatively, and this result agrees with the paper of Knight.^9

고염도 토양에 있어서 몇가지 염식생식물의 생태에 대하여

공순우(Soon Woo Hong),하영칠(Yung Chil Hah),최영길(Yong Keel Choi) 한국식물학회 1970 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.13 No.1

Ecological study on the reclaimed high saline soil was carried out throughout a year(1969) to elucidate the changes of the structure of halophytes communities and the possibilities of desalination from high saline soil by absorption of chloride ion. Results from this studies are summarized as followings: 1) The growth rates of halophytes showed a variation; maximum growth rate of Slicornia appeared on August, Chenopodium on July, Suaeda on July, Aster on August and Scirpus on June. 2) Changes of frequency of each halophyte were varied in accordance with species. Chenopodium and Salicornia have the highest frequency of all on May. However, frequency as well as density of halophytes decreased after on May due to competition for absorbing moisture in plant communities. 3) The terrestrial plants which were succeed into the reclaimed tidal land had herborized 25 species on the both side of irrigation route. 4) Each of the maximum chloride uptake by halophytes appeared on May(Salicornia and Aster), on June(Chenopodium and Scirpus), and on August(Suaeda), respectircely 5) Among the halophytes, Salicornia was confirmed to absorb the highest amount of chloride. A possible amount of chloride uptake by all halophytes per 100 square cm reached about 24,629. ppm.

광양만의 미생물 군집의 변화에 관하여

홍순우,하영칠,안태석,안태영,권오섭 ( Soon Woo Hong,Yung Chil Hah,Tae Seok Ahn,Tae Young Ahn,O Seob Kwon ) 한국환경생물학회 1984 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Through March, 1982 and December, 1982, the general environmental parameters and microbial populations in Kwang Yang Bay in South coast of Chulranamdo were investigated. And the results of microbial population were as follows: Population size of heterotrophic fungi was represented as 18 cells/㎖ (average) and high in spring. And the numerical variation of the fungal population was very complex. The population size of heterotrophic bactria was 1.8×10 exp (3) - 1.4×10 exp (5) cells/㎖, arid the highest value was 1.1×10 exp (5) cells/㎖ in spring. And with increase of depth, the bacterial population size increased. The seasonal mean of fecal coli-form bacteria was varied in 0-33 cells/㎖ and showed high value in summer.

한강의 수질과 생물지표로서의 세균군 계수

홍순우,하영칠,안태석,이건형 ( Soon Woo Hong,Young Chil Hah,Tae Seok Ahn,Geon Hyoung Lee ) 한국환경생물학회 1983 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Samples were taken from the surface waters of the main stream of Han river at four designated sites in Seoul city area from September, 1980 to August, 1981. Enumeration of total bacteria and pathogenic bacteria grown on selective media and correlation coefficient with six physico-chemical factors were studied. Temperature distribution showed a regular seasonal cycle and ranged from 0.3℃ to 27℃ during investigation. Every sites of water maintained stable pH values ranged from pH 7.5 to pH 7.7. The oxygen content of the water was, relatively high near Cheon Ho Bridge of site I and lowered along the downstream. The monthly values of oxygen concentration varied between 1.6㎎/ℓ and 12.97㎎/ℓ at all sites. It showed that the oxygen depletion was becoming severe along the downstream. Annual average value of BOD were found to be 2.97㎎/ℓ at site 1, 5.70㎎/ℓ at site 2, 7.85㎎/ℓ at site 3 and 8.84㎎/ℓ at site 4. Annual average concentration of ammonium-N varied between 0.17㎎-at N/l and 2.53㎎-at N/l. The nitrite-N concentrations were relatively high comparing with those which were measured in 1977-1978 by Hong et al., their annual values of concentration varied between 10.84㎍-at N/l and 39.04㎍-at N/l. The concentration of nitrate-N were demonstrated similar values of all sampling sites during investigation and they were in the range of 3.21-3.47㎎-at N/l.? The mean annual values of conductivity varied from 0.72mΩ/㎝ to 0. 88mΩ/㎝. The total bacteria counted by NA media were in the range of 5.5×10 exp (3) - 3.6×10 exp (8) cells/㎖. The population density of total bacteria was highest at site 2 and lowest at site 1. Annual average population density of total coliform and fecal coliform by MPN method were in the range of 8.63×10 exp (3) - 2.41×10 exp (5) /100㎖, 1.39×10 exp (4) - 4.21×10 exp (5) /100㎖, respectively. Enumeration of coliforms by Endo and EC media also showed similar population density comparing with MPN methods. The presence of fecal coliforms in surface water was more accurately correlated with fecal discharges than total coliform group. Mean annual population density of salmonella & shigella groups grown on selective media were in the range of 9.68×10 exp (2) - 5.23×10 exp (3) cells/㎖ and that of streptococci and staphylococci were 3-1.75×10 exp (2) cells/㎖, 1.51×10 exp (2) - 2.79×10 exp (2) cells/㎖, respectively. According to correlation coefficients, fecal coliforms at site 2, site 3 and site 4 might closely relate with domestic waste origin of nitrogen sources.

한강의 (漢江) 자정능에 (自淨能) 대하여

홍순우,하영칠,이건모 ( Soon Woo Hong,Yung Chil Hah,Kun Mo Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 1979 생태와 환경 Vol.12 No.3·4

Several sorts of factors affecting to the self-purification of a stream were investigated in the main stream of Han River together with a tributary of Wangsukcheon during the spring season of April and May, 1978. The BOD_5 concentration at site 1, 3 and 4 was 2.82㎎/ℓ, 3.02㎎/ℓ and 2.98㎎/ℓ, respectively. The BOD reaction rate was 0.203/day, 0.201/day and 0.221/day, respectively. And the same value of 0.601/day was identified as reaeration rate at three sites. General water quality analysis was carried out from the immediate vicinity of confluence of Wangsukcheon to three kilometers below with several interim blocks to determine the critical point. The site which showed highest degree of pollutant concentration was cited as critical point. Results obtained exhibited a poor mixing of polluted water from Wansukcheon with the main stream of Han River water which makes near to impossible to apply the Streeter-Phelps equation used for the simulation of pollutants in a stream within the study block of Han River. The result also showed that the population density of general bacteria and total biomass quantity was directly proportional to the concentration of BOD_5 and the deoxygenation rate had nothing to do with any of them.

푸르푸랄 분해대사과정에 있어서 수종의 세균의 상호작용 Pseudomonas fluorescens에 의한 2-Furoic acid 대사산물중 Furfural 분해촉진 물질에 관한 연구

홍순우,하영칠,한홍의,이병웅,Hong, Soon-Woo,Hah, Yung-Chil,Han, Hong-Eui,Lee, Byung-Ung 생화학분자생물학회 1983 한국생화학회지 Vol.16 No.4

One strain of gram-negative bacteria which could not utilize furfural initially but could utilize 2-furoic acid as carbon source was isolated from the campus soil. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens and the microorganism produced an extracellular metabolite that stimulates degradation of furfural, if $FeCl_3$ was provided to the furoic acid medium. The metabolite which was reactive with ninhydrin reagent (NPS; Ninhydrin Postive Substance) was purified by ion exchange chromatography and gel column chromatography. The empirical formula of NPS was determined as $C_2H_6NO_2$ by quantitative elemental analysis. The NPS also was assumed to be organic compound containing primary amide group by IR spectrophotometry and chemical analysis. 서울대학교내의 토양에서 furfural을 탄소원으로 이용하지는 못하나 이것의 대사물인 furoic acid를 탄소원으로 이용할 수 있는 세균을 분리하였으며 이것을 동정한 바 Pseudomonas fluorescens 임을 확인하였다. 이 P. fluorescens는 $FeCl_3$를 첨가한 furoic acid 배지에서 세포외에 furfural의 분해를 촉진하는 대사물 (ninhydrin반응 양성 물질 ; Ninhydrin Positive Substance=NPS)을 생성함을 알았다. 이 물질 즉 NPS를 ion exchange chromatography와 gel column chromatography에 의하여 정제하었다. 정량 원소 분석에 의하여서 이것의 실험식은 $C_2H_6NO_2$로 되어 있음을 밝혔고, 정성 분석과 IR spectrophotometry에 의해서 이것은 또한 일종의 primary amide기를 가진 물질임을 추정할 수 있었다.

푸르푸랄 분해대사과정에 있어서 수종의 세균의 상호작용

홍순우,하영칠,한홍의,이병웅 ( Soon Woo Hong,Yung Chil Hah,Hong Eui Han,Byung Ung Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회 1983 BMB Reports Vol.16 No.4

One strain of gram-negative bacteria which could not utilize furfural initially but could utilize 2-furoic acid as carbon source was isolated from the campus soil. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens and the microorganism produced an extracellular metabolite that stimulates degradation of furfural, if FeCl₃ was provided to the furoic acid medium. The metabolite which was reactive with ninhydrin reagent (NPS; Ninhydrin Postive Substance) was purified by ion exchange chromatography and gel column chromatography. The empirical formula of NPS was determined as C₂H_6NO₂ by quantitative elemental analysis. The NPS also was assumed to be organic compound containing primary amide group by IR spectrophotometry and chemical analysis.

식생 (植生) , 토양 및 토양미생물에 미치는 불의 효과에 대하여

홍순우(Soon Woo Hong),하영칠(Yung Chil Hah),최영길(Yong Keel Choi) 한국식물학회 1968 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.11 No.4

In general there are few cases which were caused by lightening and no fire was observed to have been caused but by artificial or accidental fires during preliminary survey. And then the most scales of burning in Korea are like the fig. 2. Temperature 5 ㎝ apart from flame at the burning site were known to range from 165˚ to 200℃ in surface fire on Myozangdong, pine-quercus dominant community and from 120˚ to 145℃ in surface fire of Wolwoonni, Mischanthus dominant area and from 120˚ to 140℃ in ground fire of Wangzinkun, Mischanthus dominant, respectively. Through the preliminary survey, fire indicater plants in Korea were confirmed as Mischanthus coreensis Hack and Carex alterifolia Franch. The plants of highest frequency appeared in the burnt sites were known to as Potentilla cryptotaeniae Max, Mischanthus coreensis Hack, Carex alterifolia Franth and Artemisia brachyphylla Kitamura. Lespedezas were proved as one of the fire tolerant and Pinus dendiflora was found out as the lowest intolerant plant to fire. The acidity of burnt soil was decreased according to the considerable amount of ash left on the ground. The acidity of surface soil was more decreased than the below l0㎝ of soil. The chemical composition(NO_3, P, K, Mg, Total-N and Organic-C) of burnt soil was more increased than those of the unburnt sites. And the population changes of soil microflora seemed to have a certain tendency. The population of soil microflora was increased a little according to climatic conditions. Also there was an initial decrease in the population of microflora followed immediately by a significant increase.

忠武灣 海水의 腐生細菌 分布와 相關係數 分析에 關하여

홍순우,하영칠,안태영,Hong, Soon-Woo,Hah, Yung-Chil,Ahn, Tae-Young 한국해양학회 1985 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.20 No.3

忠武灣에서 分離한 108個의 菌株에 대하여 고전적 분류방법과 수리적 분류방법을 비교하고, 균주간의 相關關係數를 구하여 유사성을 確認하였다. 수리적 분류에서는 고전적 분류와는 달리 Gram(+)와 Gram(-) 菌株가 전체 cluster에 分散되어있고, coccus와 rod가 분리되었으며, genus간의 分類는 수리적 방법과 고전적 방법사이에 連關性이 크게 나타났다. 下層에서 採取된 균주는 다른 層에 비해 균주간의 분류학적 유사성이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 灣 內部 (Group I)의 菌株와 外部 (Group II)의 菌株間의 거리는 각 Group內의 菌株間의 연관성보다 적은 것으로 나타났으며, 干潮時 海水에서 분리된 균주와 滿潮時 분리된 균주간에는 연관성이 적음이 확인 되었다.

Aspergillus nidulans FGSC 159의 $\beta$-Glucosidase 특성 및 효소작용

정재성,하영칠,홍순우,Jung, Jae-Sung,Hah, Yung-Chil,Hong, Soon-Woo 생화학분자생물학회 1983 한국생화학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Aspergillus nidulans FGSC 159의 cellulase system에 관한 연구의 일환으로, CMC 최소배치에서 배양하여 얻은 crude enzyme을 Sephadex G-150, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, Sephadex G-200의 세 단계의 chromatography과정으로 정제하여 P-I-Ia, P-II-Ia 및 P-II-Ib의 세 가지, $\beta$-glucosidase성분으로 분리하였다. 세 효소성분 모두 pH 6.0정도에서 활성도가 가장 놓았으며 최적온도는 P-I-Ia와 P-II-Ia의 경우는 $55^{\circ}C$, P-II-Ib는 $60^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 한편 열 안정성은 P-II-Ia는 $55^{\circ}C$까지 유지하다가 급격히 활성을 읽는데 반해 P-II-Ib와 P-I-Ia는 $55^{\circ}C$에서 각각 90%, 60% 정도의 활성을 나타내다가 그 이상의 온도에서 활성을 잃었다. 여러 기질에 대한 작용양상을 HPLC로 분석한 결과 cellobiose, sophorose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, PNPG, salicin들과 같은 $\beta$-glucoside결합을 하고 있는 화합물에 작용하여 glucose단위로 가수분해 시켰으며 또한 가수분해 단계에서 glucosyl기가 전달되어 transglucosylation이 일어났다. 그러나 P-I-Ia는 cellooligosaccharide와 작용시켰을 때 검출될 수 있을 만큼의 충분한 transglucosylation 생성물이 축적되지 않아 P-I-Ia 및 P-II-Ib와 다른 작용양상을 보였다. Crude enzyme solution prepared from the culture filtrate of Aspergillus nidulans FGSC 159 in CMC minimal liquid medium was fractionated through a three-step procedure including chromatography on Sephadex G-150, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-200. Three $\beta$-glucosidase components, P-I-Ia, P-II-Ia and P-II-Ib, were prepared. All the fractions had their highest activities at pH 6.0. Optimum temperatures were $55^{\circ}C$ for P-I-Ia, P-II-Ia and $60^{\circ}C$ for P-II-Ib, respectively. P-II-Ia was a little more thermostable than the other two components. The substrates specificities for these $\beta$-glucosidase preparations were investigated. These enzymes showed specificities to cellooligosaccharides and sugar derivatives with $\beta$-glucosidic linkage such as cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, sophorose, PNPG and salicin. All three fractions not only hydrolyzed substrates to remove glucosyl residues one by one from non-reducing end but also transferred the glucosyl residues to other acceptor molecules. But P-I-Ia showed some different mode of action from the other two fractions. It did not accumulate transglucosylated products in detectable amounts, when reacted with cellooligosaccharides.