대형 공연장에서의 연극을 위한 Sound Reinforcement System 디자인- 연극 <당통의 죽음>을 중심으로

피정훈 동국대학교 영상문화콘텐츠연구원 2013 영상문화콘텐츠연구 Vol.0 No.-

As describing the sound design process of 'Danton's Death', this study emphasizes on two critical common purposes of sound design. One. The distribution of sound at equal level to all seats in the venue. Considering the meaning of the term P.A. system, this is a crucial and essential purpose of any type of sound design in theatres. Two. Building a sound system that is able to satisfy all the sound related needs of the piece. A sound system for a rock concert and one for a play are very different in their hardware/software configurations. And the ways of system operating would be different too. In the chapters, there are detailed informations about the hardware and software installation process and more specifically, it focuses on the system tuning of the venue's speaker system considering the acoustic characteristics of the venue 'Seoul Art Center CJ Towol Theatre' 본 연구는 연극 ‘당통의 죽음’의 공연에서 다음 두 가지 목적에 부합하는 사운드 시스템의 디자인과 구현 방법에 관한 연구이다. 첫째, 공연장의 모든 좌석에서 적절한 음량으로 음향이 전달되도록한다. P.A. System 이라는 이름에서 알 수 있듯이 모든 공연 사운드시스템의 기본적인 목적이라 할 수 있다. 둘째, 작품의 성격과 내용에 꼭 맞는 오디오 이미지를 구현할 수 있는 시스템을 준비한다. 예를 들어 Rock 뮤지컬과 같이 상대적으로 큰음량의 사운드를 스테레오 혹은 L/C/R (Left, Center, Right)포맷으로전달하는 공연과, 서라운드 나 방향성을 가지고 움직이는 사운드 이펙트를 많이 사용하는 연극을 위한 사운드 시스템의 설계와 운용 방법은크게 다를 것이다. 본 작품 ‘당통의 죽음’과 공연장인 예술의 전당 CJ토월극장의 특성에맞게 스피커, 앰프, Playback System등 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어를 설치, 프로그래밍 하는 과정을 살펴보고, 공연장 공간의 음향적 특성을 파악하고 그에 맞춰 공연장 전 좌석에걸쳐 고른 음향의 분산을 이루기 위한 Sound Focus 및 System Tuning 과정을 중심적으로 다룬다.

한반도 희귀·특산식물 노랑붓꽃의 자생지 환경 및 개체군 특성

피정훈,박정근,정지영,박정석,서강욱,손성원 한국수생태학회(구 한국하천호수학회) 2016 생태와 환경 Vol.49 No.2

특산식물 노랑붓꽃 자생지의 식물상과 식생구조

피정훈,박정근,정지영,박정석,양형호,서강욱,이철호,손성원 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2016 농업생명과학연구 Vol.50 No.6

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic information for conservation andmanagement by flora and vegetation survey of Iris koreana habitats in Korea. The flora ofvascular plants of I. koreana habitats was listed 138 taxa: 58 families, 97 genera, 121 species,3 subspecies, 11 varieties and 3 forms. Korean endemic plants of this area were three taxa suchas Lonicera subsessilis, Weigela subsessilis including I. koreana. Rare plants(IUCN) designatedby the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum were two taxa as I. koreana andLilium distichum belonging to Critically Endangered species(CR) and Least Concernedspecies(LC), respectively. The floristic specific plants investigated at I. koreana habitats were atotal of 19 taxa. Megaphanerophytes(21.0%) and Nanophanerophytes(21.0%) were the dominantlife form and followed by geophytes(18.8%) and arborescent(16.7%), respectively. In woody plants, Pourthiaea villosa showed the highest important value as 14.5%. However, the highestimportant value in the herbaceous plants was Disporum smilacinum(10.2%). It was confirmedthat the species diversity was relatively low. Shannon-Wiener's species diversity index wascalculated as 1.4. The vegetation status of investigated area was comparatively well conserved,but the degree of damage was increasing rapidly by the disturbances of natural and humanbeings. Therefore, a long-term monitoring of vegetation changes and movement grasp mustbecome accomplished. 본 연구는 특산식물 노랑붓꽃 자생지의 식물상 및 식생조사를 통하여 노랑붓꽃자생지의 보전 및 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행하였다. 노랑붓꽃 자생지 내에서 출현한 관속식물은 63과 97속 121종 3아종 11변종 3품종으로 총 138분류군으로 확인되었다. 특산식물은 노랑붓꽃을 포함한 청괴불나무와 병꽃나무 등 3분류군이 확인되었다. IUCN 평가기준에 따른 희귀식물은 멸종위기(CR)종 노랑붓꽃(Iris koreana)과 약관심(LC)종 말나리(Lilium distichum)가 조사되었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물종은Ⅴ등급 1분류군, Ⅳ등급 2분류군, Ⅲ등급 2분류군, Ⅱ등급 3분류군 및 Ⅰ등급 11분류군 등 19분류군이발견되었다. 생활형조성은 교목(21.0%), 저목식물(21.0%), 지중식물(18.8%), 아교목(16.7%) 등이 높게나타났다. 식생구조를 중요치와 종다양지수로 분석한 결과, 관목식물 중에서는 윤노리나무(Pourthiaeavillosa)의 중요치가 14.5%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 초본식물 중에서는 애기나리가 10.2%로 가장 높은값을 나타내었다. 노랑붓꽃 자생지의 평균 종다양성지수는 1.4로 비교적 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 직경급빈도분포를 분석한 결과, 대부분의 자생지에서 직경 10cm 이상의 성숙목 계급에서는 소나무(Pinusdensiflora), 곰솔(Pinus thunbergii), 갈참나무(Quercus aliena) 및 굴피나무(Platycarya strobilacea)의 출현빈도가 높게 나타났고, 직경 10cm 이하의 어린 식물계급에서는 굴피나무, 때죽나무(Styraxjaponicus), 갈참나무의 출현빈도가 높게 나타났다. 전반적으로 조사지역의 식생은 양호하나 최근 들어인위적인 간섭 및 자연재해로 인하여 훼손이 증가되고 있어 장기적인 모니터링을 통한 식생변화와 동태파악이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Graphical Abstraction of Time-Series Dynamics : A Spatial Perspective for Enhanced Understanding

피정훈 대한산업공학회 2023 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.11

대형 공연장에서의 연극을 위한 Sound Reinforcement System 디자인

피정훈 동국대학교 영상문화콘텐츠연구원 2013 영상문화콘텐츠연구 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구는 연극 ‘당통의 죽음’의 공연에서 다음 두 가지 목적에 부합하는 사운드 시스템의 디자인과 구현 방법에 관한 연구이다. 첫째, 공연장의 모든 좌석에서 적절한 음량으로 음향이 전달되도록 한다. P.A. System 이라는 이름에서 알 수 있듯이 모든 공연 사운드 시스템의 기본적인 목적이라 할 수 있다. 둘째, 작품의 성격과 내용에 꼭 맞는 오디오 이미지를 구현할 수 있는 시스템을 준비한다. 예를 들어 Rock 뮤지컬과 같이 상대적으로 큰 음량의 사운드를 스테레오 혹은 L/C/R (Left, Center, Right)포맷으로 전달하는 공연과, 서라운드 나 방향성을 가지고 움직이는 사운드 이펙트를 많이 사용하는 연극을 위한 사운드 시스템의 설계와 운용 방법은 크게 다를 것이다. 본 작품 ‘당통의 죽음’과 공연장인 예술의 전당 CJ토월극장의 특성에 맞게 스피커, 앰프, Playback System등 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어를 설치, 프로그래밍 하는 과정을 살펴보고, 공연장 공간의 음향적 특성을 파악하고 그에 맞춰 공연장 전 좌석에 걸쳐 고른 음향의 분산을 이루기 위한 Sound Focus 및 System Tuning 과정을 중심적으로 다룬다. As describing the sound design process of ‘Danton’s Death’, this study emphasizes on two critical common purposes of sound design. One. The distribution of sound at equal level to all seats in the venue. Considering the meaning of the term P.A. system, this is a crucial and essential purpose of any type of sound design in theatres. Two. Building a sound system that is able to satisfy all the sound related needs of the piece. A sound system for a rock concert and one for a play are very different in their hardware/software configurations. And the ways of system operating would be different too. In the chapters, there are detailed informations about the hardware and software installation process and more specifically, it focuses on the system tuning of the venue’s speaker system considering the acoustic characteristics of the venue ‘Seoul Art Center CJ Towol Theatre’

희귀식물 광릉요강꽃 자생지 환경 및 개체군 특성

피정훈,정지영,박정근,양형호,김은혜,서강욱,이철호,손성원 한국하천호수학회 2015 생태와 환경 Vol.48 No.4

The sustainability of Cypripedium japonicum, a rare plant designated by the Korea Forest Service, is threatened due to artificial factors such as habitat loss and climate change etc. and internal factors such as changes in biological properties of the habitat etc. but conservation research has not been performed in South Korea. The objective of this study is to establish the species conservation strategies by analyzing the characteristics of their habitats, including: 1) Population characteristics, and 2) habitat analysis of the vegetation and abiotic environments. From April to September, 2014, population characteristics [density (stems m-2), flowering rate (%), and leaf area (cm2)] in Cypripedium japonicum habitats such as Chuncheon (CC), Hwacheon (HC), Muju (MJ), and Gwangyang (GY) and vegetation characteristics (plant sociological research and ordination analysis), and abiotic environments [temperature (℃), relative humidity (%), transmitted light (mol·m-2·d-1) and canopy openness (%)] were measured. Cypripedium japonicum was mainly distributed at elevation 450 to 990 m and 5 to 30° slope. Slope direction was shown as 0 to 110°. Habitats temperature (mean 18.94℃) was well matched to seasonal changes. Differences among sites showed greater level according to latitude difference. It showed the highest in habitat, GY located in the South. On the other hand, relative humidity (77.38%) didn’t show much difference among sites. The average degree of canopy openness was 18.17%. It showed the highest at HC (22.1%) and the lowest at MJ (16.1%). The average degree of transmitted light was 9.1 mol·m-2·d-1. It showed the highest at CC (10.6 mol·m-2·d-1) and the lowest at GY (6.87 mol·m-2·d-1). Chlorophyll content showed average 26.12 SPAD. It showed the highest at MJ (30.64 SPAD value) and the lowest at HC (23.69 SPAD value). Leaf area was average 253.35 cm2. It showed the highest at CC (281.51 cm2) and the lowest at HC (238.23 cm2).

희귀식물 광 릉요강꽃 자생지 환경 및 개체군 특성

피정훈 ( Jung Hun Pi ),정지영 ( Ji Young Jung ),박정근 ( Jeong Geun Park ),양형호 ( Hyung Ho Yang ),김은혜 ( Eun Hye Kim ),서강욱 ( Gang Uk Suh ),이철호 ( Cheul Ho Lee ),손성원 ( Sung Won Son ) 한국하천호수학회(구 한국육수학회) 2015 생태와 환경 Vol.48 No.4

The sustainability of Cypripedium japonicum, a rare plant designated by the Korea Forest Service, is threatened due to artificial factors such as habitat loss and climate change etc. and internal factors such as changes in biological properties of the habitat etc. but conservation research has not been performed in South Korea. The objective of this study is to establish the species conservation strategies by analyzing the characteristics of their habitats, including: 1) Population characteristics, and 2) habitat analysis of the vegetation and abiotic environments. From April to September, 2014, population characteristics [density (stems m-2), flowering rate (%), and leaf area (cm2)] in Cypripedium japonicum habitats such as Chuncheon (CC), Hwacheon (HC), Muju (MJ), and Gwangyang (GY) and vegetation characteristics (plant sociological research and ordination analysis), and abiotic environments [temperature (℃), relative humidity (%), transmitted light (mol·m-2·d-1) and canopy openness (%)] were measured. Cypripedium japonicum was mainly distributed at elevation 450 to 990 m and 5 to 30° slope. Slope direction was shown as 0 to 110°. Habitats temperature (mean 18.94℃) was well matched to seasonal changes. Differences among sites showed greater level according to latitude difference. It showed the highest in habitat, GY located in the South. On the other hand, relative humidity (77.38%) didn``t show much difference among sites. The average degree of canopy openness was 18.17%. It showed the highest at HC (22.1%) and the lowest at MJ (16.1%). The average degree of transmitted light was 9.1 mol·m-2·d-1. It showed the highest at CC (10.6 mol·m-2·d-1) and the lowest at GY (6.87 mol·m-2·d-1). Chlorophyll content showed average 26.12 SPAD. It showed the highest at MJ (30.64 SPAD value) and the lowest at HC (23.69 SPAD value). Leaf area was average 253.35 cm2. It showed the highest at CC (281.51 cm2) and the lowest at HC (238.23 cm2).

자갈 하중주에서 식생의 공간 분포 및 동태: 방태천의 사례

피정훈 ( Jung Hun Pee ),김혜수 ( Hye Soo Kim ),김경순 ( Gyung Soon Kim ),오우석 ( Woo Seok Oh ),구본열 ( Bon Yoel Koo ),이창석 ( Chang Seok Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 2013 생태와 환경 Vol.46 No.2

We clarified the background for establishment of vegetation by comparing the spatial distribution maps of vegetation and substrate on a gravel bar in the Bangtae stream located on Inje-gun of Gangwon-do, the central eastern Korea. The total vegetation coverage was higher in the interior and lower in the marginal parts of the gravel bar. Spatial distribution of vegetation on the longitudinal section of the gravel bar tended to be arranged in the order of shrub, subtree, and tree dominated vegetation types from the front (upstream) toward the rear (downstream) parts. Coverage of the herbaceous plants was higher in the central and rear parts and lower in the front and right parts of the gravel bar. Vegetation height was higher in the rear part and became lowered as move toward the front part. Substrate was distributed in the order of boulder, gravel, sand, and boulder from the front toward the rear parts. Ordination of stands based on vegetation data was arranged in the order of annual plant, perennial herb, shrub, and tree dominated vegetation as move from the right to the left parts on the axis I. Species richness was higher in the order of Pinus densiflora community, Phragmites japonica community, Salix gracilistyla community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla community, annual plant dominated vegetation, and Prunus padus for. padus community based on the species rank-abundance curve. The order based on the Shannon`s index was some different; diversity of Phragmites japonica community and Salix gracilistyla community, which showed higher dominance degree, were low differently from species richness. In conclusion, it was evaluated that the gravel bar newly established toward the upstream and vegetation dynamics of the gravel bar seemed to follow ecosystem mechanisms of succession. As were shown in the above results, the Bangtae stream corresponded to the upstream and thereby particle size of substrate was big. Therefore, they move by rolling and are accumulated for the upstream. Vegetation types were arranged in the order of woodland, shrub-land and grassland from the rear toward the front parts of the gravel bar and thereby reflected the formation process of the bar. However, the gravel bar is disturbed frequently by not only the running water but also the suspended sand as the dynamic space. Such disturbances cause habitat diversity and consequently led to high biodiversity.

한반도 특 산식물 꼬리말발도리 개체군 구 조 및 서 식지 특 성

정지영,피정훈,박정근,정미진,김은혜,서강욱,이철호,손성원 한국하천호수학회 2016 생태와 환경 Vol.49 No.1

Deutzia paniculata is an endemic species to the Korean Peninsula. Despite of importance for conservation, the population structure and habitat characteristics of D. paniculata have not been determined yet. We analyzed the ecological characteristics of the species based on the literature review and field survey. Field survey was conducted on May to October 2014 during which 11 quadrats of size 15×15 m were studied in six regions. Each of the quadrats were further divided into 5×5 m small quadrats and population characteristics were recorded. The population and habitat characteristics were analyzed, including species abundance (density and coverage), demographic attributes (flowering rates and fruiting plants), vegetation (structure, species composition), light availability (transmitted light and canopy openness) and soil characteristics (temperature and humidity). We found that D. paniculata mainly distributed in Gyeongsangdo (including Taebaek in Gangwondo) along a broad elevational range of 290~959 m (mean: 493 m) above sea level. In preferred habitat the species grows within the slope range of 7° and 35° with the average of 16°. D. paniculata was generally distributed on talus deposits and low adjacent slopes. The average number of individual plants per small quadrat was 12.5 with the mean density 0.5 stems m-2. The vegetative reproduction was frequent in D. paniculata and mean flowering rate was as low as 15%. Altogether 138 taxa were found in whole observation area with the dominant tree species mainly spring ephemerals, such as Cornus controversa (importance value: 25.5%) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla (importance value: 15.8%). Although, C. controversa usually grows on steep slopes and F. rhynchophylla mostly distributed at high-altitudes, however, both species distributed in disturbed environments and among talus deposits. Thus based on our results, we concluded that D. paniculata is a disturbance-prone species, primarily existing in habitats subjected to natural disturbances, such as floods. The species occurs less at anthropogenically disturbed sites, thus there is no apparent threat to the populations and habitat of D. paniculata.

서울의 두 도 시 근린공원에서 평가된 탄소수지

김경순,피정훈,안지홍,임치홍,정성희,주승진,이창석 한국하천호수학회 2016 생태와 환경 Vol.49 No.1

This study was carried out to assess the carbon budget of two urban parks and one natural park and to prepare the plan for improving the ecological functions of the park including carbon sink. Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) of those study sites was calculated from the relationship between Net Primary Production (NPP) and soil respiration of each study site. To understand carbon budget of the whole area designated as the park, carbon budget of the urban park was analyzed by classifying the vegetated and the non-vegetated zones. NEP of the Nohae and the Sanggye parks calculated by reflecting areal size that the non-vegetated zones occupy were shown in - 1.0 and 0.6 ton C ha-1 yr-1, respectively. On the other hand, NEP of Mt. Bulam natural park as a reference site was in 2.3 ton C ha-1 yr-1. Based on the result, the Nohae park was assessed as carbon source rather than carbon sink. On the other hand, the Sanggye park was classified as carbon sink but the role was poor compared with natural park. The result is, first of all, due to lower NPP of the vegetation introduced for the parks compared with natural vegetation. The other reason is due to wide arrangement of non-vegetated zone. To solve those problems and thereby to create the urban park with high ecological quality, selection of plant species suitable for the ecological characteristic of the park, their arrangement imitated natural vegetation, and ecological zoning were recommended.