子宮頸部癌 腔內 放射線 照射裝置에 依한 直腸 및 膀胱의 被曝線量 評價

추성실(S.S.Chu),오원용(W.Y.Oh),서창옥(C.O.Suh),김귀언(G.E.Kim) 대한방사선종양학회 1984 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.2 No.2

The intrauterine irradiation is essential to achieve adequate tumor dose to central tumor mass of uterine malignancy in radiotherapy. The complications of pelvic organ are known to be directly related to radiation dose and physical parameters. The simulation radiogram and medical records of 203 patients who were treated with intrauterine irradiation from Feb. 1983 to Oct 1983, were critically analized. The physical parameters to include distances between lateral walls of vaginal fornices, longitudinal and lateral angles of tandem applicator to the body axis, the distance from the external os of uterine cervix to the central axis of ovoids were measured for low dose rate irradiation system and high dose rate remote control afterloading system. The radiation doses and dose distributions within cervical area including interesting points and bladder, rectum, according to sources arrangement and location of applicator, were estimated with personal computer. Followings were summary of study results; 1. In distances between lateral walls of vaginal fornices, the low dose rate system showed as 4~7 cm width and high dose rate system showed as 5~6 cm. 2. In horizontal angulation of tandem to body axis, the low dose rate system revealed mid position 64.6%, left deviation 19/2% and right deviation 16.2%. 3. In longitudinal angulation of tandem to body axis, the mid position was 11.8% and anterior angulation 88.2% in low dose rate system but in high dose rate system, anterior angulation was 98.5%. 4. Down ward displacement of ovoids below external os was only 3% in low dose rate system and 66.7% in high dose rate system. 5. Inradiation source arrangement, the most activites of tandem and ovoid were 35 by 30 in low dose rate system but 50 by 40 in high dose rate system. 6. In low and high dose rate system, the total doses and TDF were 80, 70 Gy and 141, 123, including 40 Gy external irradiation. 7. The doses and TDF in interesting points Co, B, sere 98, 47 Gy and 230, 73 in high dose rate system but in low dose rate system, 125, 52 Gy and 262, 75 respectively. 8. Doses and TDF in bladder and rectum were 70, 68 Gy and 124, 120 in low dose rate system, but in high dose rate system, 58, 64 Gy and 98, 110 respectively, and then grades of injuries in bladder and rectum were 25, 30% and 18, 23% respectively.

Microcomputer를 利用한 近接照射 裝置의 線量分布 計算

秋成實(S.S. Chu) 대한방사선종양학회 1984 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.2 No.1

腫瘍의 溫熱治療를 爲한 마이크로波 照射裝置의 製作과 應用

秋成實(S.S. Chu) 대한방사선종양학회 1984 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.2 No.1

고에너지 전자선 진자조사에 의한 선량분포

추성실(S.S. Chu),김귀언, 서창옥, 박창윤 대한방사선종양학회 1983 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.1 No.1

A Thermoprofile Study of 2,450-MHz Microwave Thermogenerator in Phantom and Animal Tumor

윤세철(S.C. Yoon),길학준(H.J. Gil),박용휘(Y.W. Bahk),추성실(S.S. Chu) 대한방사선종양학회 1986 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.4 No.2

온열요법이 암환자치료에 있어 온열요법 단독 또는 방사선치료나 일부 항암화학요법제와 병행할 때 그 효과가 상승되고 있음은 최근 잘 알려진 사실이다. 가톨릭의대부속 강남성모병원 방사선치료실에서는 온열요법의 동물실험과 더 나아가 임상응용을 목적으로 가정용 전자레인지를 개조하여 극초단파유도관을 제작, 부착시킴으로서, 실험 및 종양부위에 2,450MHz 극초단파를 조사할 수 있는 장치를 제작하였다. 아울러 이 온열치료장치가 온열치료기로서의 적합성을 알아보기 위하여 본 실험을 실시하였다. 실험을 위한 phantom으로, 고기덩어리와 한천을 이용하였으며, 마우스하지에 발생시킨 Sarcom-180고형종양을 또한 이용하여, 이 온열치료기의 전압변동에 따른 온도분포 변화를 측정하였다. 한편 실험동물종양에서는 종양조직내 온도가 주위 정상조직보다 1~3℃ 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Since March 1985, we have treated cancer patients with local hyperthermia using a 2,450-MHz microwave thermogenerator. Prior to clinical trial, a 2,450-MHz microwave generator remodeled from a household electric range was tested and evaluated to test its clinical applicability. We studied the thermoprofile and tried to find out suitable electric power ranges to produce optimal temperature of 42-44℃ in a lump of meat, agar phantom and animal tumor models. The present study confirmed the intratumoral temperature to be 1-3℃ higher than in surrounding normal tissue.

Interstitial Hyperthermia by Radiofrequency Needle Electrode System : Phantom and Canine Brain Studies

이형식,추성실,성진실,서창옥,김귀언,노준규,김영수,김선호,정상섭,한은경,김태승,Lee, Hyung-Sik,Chu, Sung-Sil,Sung, Jin-Sil,Suh, Chang-Ok,Kim, Gwi-Eon,Loh-John-Juhn-Kyu,Kim, Young-Soo,Kim, Sun-Ho,Chung, Song-Sup,Han, Eun-Kyung,Kim, Tae-S The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1991 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.9 No.2

8MHz 라디오파를 이용한 자입식 온열치료를 위한 기초실험의 일환으로 조직등가물을 이용하여 다양한 needle electrode의 배열을 통한 적정 온도분포를 규명하고자 하였고, 직접 개의 뇌실질에 자입 온열요법을 시도하여 이에 따른 조직 병리학적 소견을 관찰하고자 하였다. 조직등가물 실침에서 저자들은 needle electrode 1 cm 간격의 정방형 배치에서 횡단면상 $90\%$ relative SAR 분포가 약 1.25 cm 반경의 균일한 원형으로 관찰됨을 알 수 있었고 종단면상 needle electrode의 길이에 따라 균일한 온도분포가 이루어짐을 관찰할 수 있었다. 정상 개의 뇌실질에 자입하여 직접 정방형의 중심을 $43^{\circ}C$로 유지하며 50분간 온열요법을 시행한 후 관찰한 조직 병리학적 소견은 liquefactive necrosis, pyknosis of neuronal element 및 Polymorphonuclear leukocytes들이 회백질에서 급성기에 관찰 되었고 liquefactive necrosis 주위에 lipid-laden macrophage들이 관찰됨이 공통적인 특징 이었으며 후기 변화로 괴사조직 주위로 신경교세포의 증식이 관찰되었다. An interstitial radiofrequency needle electrode system was constructed for interstitial heating of brain tissue. Radiofrequency electrodes with Thermotron RF 8 were tested in an agar phantom and in a normal canine brain to determine how variations in physical factors affected temperature distributions. Temperature distributions were checked after heating with 1 mm diameter needle electrode implants on the corners of 1 and 2 cm squares in a phantom and plot isotherms for various electrodes arrangement. We observed that the 1 cm square array would heat a volume with a 1.25 cm radius circular field cross section to therapeutic temperatures ($90\%$ relative SAR using Tm) and the 2 cm square array with a 1.75 cm radius rectangular field with central inhomogeneity. With 2 cm long electrode implants, we observed that the 1 cm square array would heat a 3 cm long sagittal section to therapeutic temperature ($90\%$ relative SAR using Tm). We found that radiofrequency electrodes could be selected to match the length of the heating area without affecting its performance. The histopathological changes associated with RF heating of normal canine brains have been correlated with thermal distributions. RF needle electrode heating was applied for 50min to generate tissue temperatures of $43^{\circ}C$. We obtained a quarter of the heated tissue material immediately after heating and sacrificed at intervals from $7\sim30$days. The acute stage (immediately after heating) was demonstrated by liquefactive necrosis, pyknosis of neuronal element in the gray matter and by some polymer-phonuclear leukocytes infiltration. The appearance of lipid-laden macrophages surrounding the area of liquefaction necrosis was demonstrated in all three sacrificed dogs. Mild gliosis occurring around the necrosis was demonstrated in the last sacrificed (Days 30) canine brain.

放射線 治療의 迅速正確을 위한 低溫熔融 遮蔽物의 製作과 應用

秋成實,李道行,朴昌潤 대한방사선방어학회 1979 방사선방어학회지 Vol.4 No.1

高에너지 放射線 治療에 있어서 正常組織의 完全遮蔽를 위하여 5∼8cm 납두께의 不定形 遮蔽벽돌을 製作해야 하는 難點이 있었다. 著者들은 납 30.0%, 주석 11.5% 비스므스 48.5%, 카드미늄 10.0%를 四種 共晶結合시켜 密度가 9.8g/㎤이고 熔融溫度가 68℃인 低熔融 遮蔽物質을 開發하여 이를 Lead Y라고 名命하였다. 製作된 Lead Y Block을 68℃에서 熔融시켜 保護해야할 重要한 臟器의 形態대로 製作된 styrofoam 陰刑에 부어서 遮蔽效果가 큰 遮蔽벽돌을 쉽고 安全하게 製作할 수 있었고 납보다 더 단단하고 再現性이 크며 低廉한 가격으로 購入이 可能하므로 放射線 治療效果에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있었다. For accurate and easily shielding irregular shaped organ, its minimized penumbra region and a low melting point alloy "Lead Y" and synchronizing instrument have been developed. The "Lead Y" is the quaternary eutectic alloy and it is composed of Lead 30.0% Tin 11.5% Bismuth 48.5% Cadmium 10.0% The density of its at 22℃ is 9.8g/㎤ and the melting temperature has 40℃ to 68℃. The thickness of "Lead Y" for perfect shielding of Co-60 gamma ray and LINAC 10MeV x-ray is 6cm and 7cm respectively. The "Lead Y" shielding block is casted directly on the styrofoam from which is cut with hot wire of synchronizer device. The special features and advantages of the Lead Y shielding block could be summarized as follows: 1. The shielding block for radiotherapy is rapidly processed only with boiling water and styrofoam. 2. It is not injure one's health and not danger of a fire, because of not generating of any metals vapor and evil smelling. 3. It is very effective to minimize secondary penumbra for the protection of healthy tissue from unnecessary ionizing radiation regardless of the magnification source to skin distance. 4. The HVL of the Lead Y is 1.2cm for Co-60 gamma ray and it's shielding effect if almost same as the pure lead block. 5. The hardness of Lead Y is 1.5 times higher than lead block. 6. It's reavailability is higher than lead block and then one block of Lead Y is reavailable about 30 to 40 times. 7. It is useful for shielding of x-ray, gamma ray, beta-ray, electron and neutron radiation. 8. The materials for Lead Y are easy to acquire with reasonable price and tractable.

重力을 利用한 廻轉遮蔽 器具의 製作과 應用

秋成實,金貴彦,李道行 최신의학사 1983 最新醫學 Vol.26 No.3

醫療用 13 MeV 線型加速器 使用室에 對한 遮蔽計算 및 漏泄線量의 測定

秋成實,李道行 최신의학사 1978 最新醫學 Vol.21 No.7

高 에너지 電子線 治療時 體內 空洞으로 因한 線量分布 變動

秋成實,李道行,崔炳뭐 대한방사선방어학회 1976 방사선방어학회지 Vol.1 No.1

The perturbation of dose distribution adjacent to cavities in high energy electron has shown that the percentage of dose increase varies markedly as a function of the build-up layer, the length and thickness of the cavities, and the electron energy. The dose distribution showed that cavities similar in size to those encountered in the head and neck measured by industrial film dosimetry and corrected by ionization chambers. The most increased doses by measuring are resulted in a localized dose of up to 130% of that measured at the depth of maximum dose within a homogeneous tissue equivalent phantom. The measured values and correction factors of dose perturbation due to air cavities showed in diagrams and would be summarized as follows. 1. In 8∼12MeV electron beams, the most marked dose is observed when the build-up layer thickness is 0.5cm and cavity volume is 2×2×2cm³. 2. The highest dose point is located under cavity when the energy is increased and cavity length is longer. 3. The cavity length at which the maximum percentage dose occurs decreases with increasing energy. 4. The highest percentage cavity doses are obtained when the energy is high, the build-up layer is thin, the thickness of the cavity is large, and the length of the cavity is approximately 1 to 3cm. 5. The doses of upper portion of cavity are less than the standard dose distribution as 5 to 10%. 6. The maximum range of electron beam are extended as much as thickness of cavity. 7. A cavity having a length of 5cm closely approximates a cavity of infinite length.