다변량분석 기법을 이용한 농업용 지하수의 수질 평가 (초록)

김민경 ( Min Kyeong Kim ),최철만 ( Chul Man Choi ),노안성 ( An Sung Ro ),최승출 ( Seung Chul Choi ),최원일 ( Won Il Choi ),이종은 ( Jong Eun Lee ),김갑철 ( Kab Cheol Kim ),김병호 ( Byeong Ho Kim ),박준홍 ( Jun Hong Park ),이성태 ( 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.2012 No.-

Pathogenic E. coli Inactivation in Upland Soils to a Change of Soil Moisture Content and Temperature

Min-Kyeong Kim(김민경),Min-Young Kim(김민영),Chul-Man Choi(최철만),Byong-Gu Ko(고병구),Soon-Ik Kwon(권순익),Hang-Yeon Weon(원항연) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.1

전 세계적으로 가축분뇨를 농경지에 시용하는 것은 작물과 토양에 양분을 공급하는 측면에서 오래 전부터 이용되어 왔으며, 최근 들어서는 자원을 재순환하기 위한 측면으로 이용되고 있다. 그러나, 환경적인 측면에서 가축분뇨를 농경지에 시용하였을 때 미생물적 평가나 규제기준은 비용과 시간이 많이 요구되어 우리나라에서는 이에 대한 연구가 수행되지 못한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 밭토양에서 토양수분과 온도조건에 따른 분변성 대장균의 사멸율을 조사하여 분변성 대장균이 외부 환경에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 수준을 평가하고자 수행하였다. 시료는 토양수분조건(10, 35, 65, 80%) 및 온도조건(20, 25, 30℃)별로 정해진 기간 (3, 7, 14, 21, 28일) 동안 배양되었으며 각각의 시료에 포함된 대장균의 수는 plating method 를 이용하여 측정되었다. 분산분석을 통한 측정자료의 통계분석 결과, 분변성 대장균의 생존에는 토양수분함량과 온도가 주 요인이었는데, 특히 토양수분함량이 감소할수록 그리고 온도가 증가할수록 E. coli의 사멸율은 직선적으로 증가하였다. 또한, 토양수분 조건과 온도조건 중에서 분변성 대장균의 사멸율은 온도조건에 더 상관이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 모든 온도조건에서 10%의 토양수분조건에서 분변성 대장균의 사멸율이 높았다. 이는 토양수분이 E. coli의 사멸에 제한적인 요인으로 작용하였음을 의미한다. 따라서, 본 연구는 가축분뇨를 농경지에 시용할 때 인체의 위해성과 외부 환경의 건전성을 유지하기 위해서는 고온 저습한 토양조건에서 시용하여야 한다는 현실적인 가이드라인을 제시하고자 한다. The application of livestock manure to cropland is a practice that has been used for centuries. Agricultural crops can utilize nutrients from manure, and the producer can utilize land for disposal, although in a “sustainable system” the concept is manure utilization and not waste disposal. However, meeting regulatory criteria regarding microbial quality remains an expensive and time consuming process. The purpose of this study was to quantify the level of environmental impact of soil moisture and temperature on fecal coliform (Escherichia coli or E. coli) survival in upland soils for sound application of livestock manure. Samples were collected up to 30 days depending on the given conditions. The inactivation rate of E. coli increased linearly with increased temperature while the inactivation rate gradually decreased with decreased soil moisture level. The overall findings of this study showed that the temperature was the limited factor on E. coli survival in soils over soil moisture content. This study will provide useful and practical guidelines to applicators of soil in deciding appropriate handling and time frames for land application for sustainable agriculture.

Soil Erosion Assessment Tool - Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP)

Min-Kyeong Kim(김민경),Seong-Jin Park(박성진),Chul-Man Choi(최철만),Byong-Gu Ko(고병구),Jong-Sik Lee(이종식),D.C. Flanagan 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.41 No.4

토양침식을 예측하는 WEPP(Water Erosion Prediction Project)모델은 연방 정부기관이 토양과 물 보전 및 환경을 계획하고 평가하는데 활용하고자 1985년 8월 차세대 물에 의한 토양침식을 예측하기 위해 만들어졌다. 미농무성 농업연구소에 의해 개발된 WEPP 모델은 경험적인 침식 예측을 위한 도구로써 침투, 유거수, 강우와 물에 의한 토양입자의 분리, 침전물의 이동, 퇴적, 작물의 생장 및 수확 후 잔여물의 분해 등을 포함한 토양 침식과 관련된 많은 중요한 물리적 과정을 모의한다. WEPP 모델은 모델을 구성하는 모듈의 입력자료와 모델을 시험하기 위해서 필요한 자료를 경작지, 초지, 산림 등 광대한 현장 실험 결과들로부터 얻었다. 미국내 여러 농업연구소와 협력 대학 등 수 많은 연구소의 큰 노력으로 모델을 만들 수 있었다. WEPP 모델은 경사지 혹은 작은 유역 규모에 적용이 가능하며, 물리적 모델이기 때문에 미국과 다른 여러 나라에서 중요한 자연자원을 효과적으로 평가할 수 있다. 최근 들어 DOS프로그램으로 만들어진 초기 WEPP모델을 윈도우 인터페이스와 GIS 프로그램을 통합하여 향상시켰다. 또한, 바람과 물에 의한 침식을 통합 예측하는 시스템을 쉽게 이용할 수 있도록 구축 중에 있다. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) was initiated in August 1985 to develop new generation water erosion prediction technology for federal agencies involved in soil and water conservation and environmental planning and assessment. Developed by USDA-ARS as a replacement for empirical erosion prediction technologies, the WEPP model simulates many of the physical processes important in soil erosion, including infiltration, runoff, raindrop detachment, flow detachment, sediment transport, deposition, plant growth and residue decomposition. The WEPP included an extensive field experimental program conducted on cropland, rangeland, and disturbed forest sites to obtain data required to parameterize and test the model. A large team effort at numerous research locations, ARS laboratories, and cooperating land-grant universities was needed to develop this state-of-the-art simulation model. The WEPP model is used for hillslope applications or on small watersheds. Because it is physically based, the model has been successfully used in the evaluation of important natural resources issues throughout the United State and in several other countries. Recent model enhancements include a graphical Windows interface and integration of WEPP with GIS software. A combined wind and water erosion prediction system with easily accessible databases and a common interface is planned for the future.

대기수분의 이동 특성에 따른 수목의 오염물질 저감효과

류희용 ( Hui Yong Ryu ),이종식 ( Jong Sik Lee ),윤순강 ( Sun Gang Yun ),조남준 ( Nam Jun Cho ),김민경 ( Min Kyung Kim ),최철만 ( Chul Man Choi ),박성진 ( Seong Jin Park ),이정택 ( Jeong Taek Lee ) 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.2008 No.-

대기수분의 이동 특성에 따른 수목의 오염물질 저감효과

류희용(Hui-Yong Ryu),이종식(Jong-Sik Lee),윤순강(Sun-Gang Yun),조남준(Nam-Jun Cho),김민경(Min-Kyung Kim),최철만(Chul-Man Choi),박성진(Seong-Jin Park),이정택(Jeong-Taek Lee) 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2008 No.5

수영만의 船渠에 출현하는 식물플랑크톤 군집에 관하여

최철만,문성기 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

This study was conducted to find the phytoplankton community in the docks of Suyong Bay from September, 1996 to August, 1997. The results were as follows. 1. The taxa of phytoplankton identified were 44 genera 116 kinds 2. The range of environmental conditions that is air temperature, water temperature, salinity and pH were 3.0℃(Jan.1997)∼26.7℃(Aug. 1997), 10.0℃(Dec. 1996 ; station 1,2)∼26.5℃(Sep. 1997 ; station 3), 1.6∼4.4℃, 7.28(Aug. 1997 ; station 1)∼8.62(Sep. 1996 ; station 4) respectively. 3. The range of standing crops were from 14,71.(Feb. 1997, station 4) cells/ℓ to 222,180 cells/ℓ(Aug. 1997, station 2). 4. The succession of dominant species were that is Chaetoceros debilis, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Skeletonema costatum in spring and winter, Skeletonema costatum, Chaetoceros debilis, Chaetoceros curvisetus in autumn. Especially at all stations the skeletonema costatum among the dominant species break out redtide at August, 1997. 5. The species diversity index was the lowest at August(0.629) and the highest at June(2.520). The species diversity index at each station, at station 1, 2 ,3 and 4 were 1.379, 1.399, 1.440 respectively. 6. The dominance index was the lowest at June(0.495) and the highest at August(0.920). The donimance index at each station, at station 1, 2 ,3 and 4 were 0.788, 0.781 and 0.769 respectively. And there was negative relation between the dominance index and the species diversity index. 7. In the seasonal similarity by similarity index, station 1 and 3, or station 2 and 4 mutually showed similarity in spring, autumn and winter. But in summer station 1 and 2, or station 3 and 4 mutually showed similarity.

댐과 호수의 식물플랑크톤에 대한 주요종의 사정

문성기,최철만 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

This survey was carried out to assess important species of phytoplankton in Dam and Lake from 29 references. The results are as follows. 1. The number of important species assessed from 59 classes 7 orders 11 families 15 genera. 2. Of them, Bacillariphyceae were 17 kinds, Chlorophyceae 4 kinds, Cyanophyceae 3 kind, Dinophyceae 1 kind. 3. By ecological characters, the number of dominant species were 23 kinds, cosmopolitic species 11 frequently occurrence species 19, pollution indicator species 2(Microcystis aeruginosa, Achnanthes minutissima), blooming causative species 2)Fragilaria crotonensis, Melosira italica).

水營灣의 船深에 出現하는 植物플랑크톤相

文成基,崔喆萬,李宗南 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.1

This study was accomplished in Suyong Bay from September 1996 to August 1997. In this investigation, the taxa of phytoplankton identified was totally 116 kinds, 5 divisions 23 families, 44 genera. Of them, Bacilliariophyceae was classified 84 kinds, 13 families, 29 genera (71%) ,Dinophyceae was 25 kinds 6 families, 10 genera (22%) and Chrysophyceae, was 4 kinds 1 family, 2 genera (4%) . On the other hand, Choorlphyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae were classified 1 kind, 1 family, 1 genus(1%). Monthly number of species appeared 32 species in the lowest at Febrary and 82 species in the highest at June. And stationary number of species appeared from 17 species(Feb) to 59 species (Jun) in station 1, from 16 species (FEB) to 51 species(Jun) in station 2, from 19 species(Feb.) to 59 species(Jun) in station 3, from 18 species to 60 species(Aug.) in station 4. Frequently occurred species were 14 species including Chaetoceros affinis. And red-tide causative organisms were 37 species including Skeletonema costatum. Also, added now species in this study area were 28 species including Achnanthes longipes.

밀양강의 식물플랑크톤상

이종남,박연규,최철만 한국환경과학회 1998 한국환경과학회지 Vol.7 No.5

This study was carried out to Investigate flora of phytoplankton in Milyang River from July 1996 to April 1997. Phytoplankton were identified 206 kinds and composed of 2 var.-for., 5 forms, 35 varieties, 164 species, 70 genera, 31 families, 14 orders, 6 classes and 5 phyla. According to the seasonal variation, 131 species were founded in summer, 109 species in spring, 108 species in autumn, and 100 species in winter, respectively. Seasonal and stationary variation of standing crops were between 10 and 5,600 cells/㎖. At station 7, Cyclotella meneghiniana was bloomed 5,000 cells/㎖(89.7%) in winter, and Stephanodiscus hantzschii was bloomed 3.400 cells/㎖(74.3%) in spring. The number of species and standing crops were increased with proceeding from upper stream to lower stream. Important species of phytoplankton were 24 species, that are 4 species of Cyanophyta (Aphanocapsa elachista, Merismopedium glaucum, Lyngbya limnetica, Oscillatoria tenuis), 12 species of Crysophyta (Melosira varlans, Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Cyclotalla meneghiniana, Fragilaria construens var. venter, Navicula cryptocephala, Cymbella ventricosa, Gomphonema olivaceum), and 8 species of Chlorophyta (Chlamydomonas reinhardi, Eudorina elegans, Pandorina morum, Oocystis borgel, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Microspora crassior). According to the similarity index among the stations, it was generally defied as two water areas such as upper stream(station 1∼3) and lower stream(station 4∼7).