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자발적 중재를 통한 체내 내분비계교란물질의 저감 효과: 환경성 페놀 화합물
최인자(Inja Choi),김원(Won Kim),최혜영(Hyeyoung Choi),신호상(Hosang Shin) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5
일상생활에서 내분비계교란물질(Endoceine Disrupting Chemucals, EDCs)에 대한 노출은 매우 흔하다. 그러나 소변이나 혈액 등 생체시료에서의 검출, 사람에 대한 건강영향, 노출원에 대한 정보 그리고 규제 등은 여전히 제한적이다. 본 연구의 목적은 연구 참여자가 중재 가이드라인을 사용하기 전과 후의 소변을 채취하여 알킬페놀류(t-BP, n-PP, t-OP및 n-OP), 클로로페놀류(2,4-DCP, 2,5-DCP, 2,4,5-TCP 및 2,4,6-TCP), 비스페놀류(BPA, BPS, BPF), 파라벤류(MePB, EtPB, PrPB 및 BuPB), 벤조페논(BP-3), 트리클로산(TCS)등 총 17종의 환경성 페놀 화합물의 농도 감소에 기여했는지를 확인하는 것이다. 중재 가이드라인은 생활방식, 개인위생용품, 화장품, 세제 및 세척제 사용, 식이섭취 그리고 플라스틱 용기 사용 등 6개 영역이 포함되었다. 총 279명의 여성은 중재 전과 후에 각각 1회씩소변시료를 채취하였고, 중재는 14일 동안 진행하였다. 설문조사와 14일 동안 다이어리를 작성하였다. 소변 중 환경성 페놀 농도는 가수분해시킨 후 on-line SPE LC/MSMS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 자발적 중재 후에 연구 참여자의 소변 중 BPA, BPS, TCS, BP-3, MePB, EtPB 및 PrPB 농도는 21.5~68.3% 감소하였다(p<0.05, 단 BPA p=0.106, TCS p=0.054). 바디워시는 BPA, TCS 및 PrPB, 액상 손세정제는 TCS, MePB 및 PrPB, 헤어에센스/로션은 BPA와 PrPB, 포장음식은 TCS, 장류 등의 섭취는 BP-3와 PrPB 그리고 식기 이외의 플라스틱 용기는 BPS와 TCS 농도 감소에 기여하였다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 본 연구에서 활용한 중재 가이드라인은 연구 참여자의 일부 EDCs의 바디버든을 줄이는데 효과적이었으며, 자발적 중재를 통해 그 효과를 평가했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
구미 불산 누출사고 지점 주변 식물의 불소화합물 농도 분포 및 공기 중 불화수소 농도 추정에 관한 연구
구슬기,최인자,김원,선옥남,김신범,이윤근,Gu, Seulgi,Choi, Inja,Kim, Won,Sun, Oknam,Kim, Shinbum,Lee, Yungeun 한국환경보건학회 2013 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.39 No.4
Objectives: The goal of this study is to identify the distribution of the foliar fluorine content of vegetation surrounding the area where hydrofluoric acid was accidently released in Gumi, Gyeongsangbuk-do on September 27, 2012. In addition, it also aims to estimate the concentration of hydrogen fluoride in the air on the day of the accident. Methods: Samples of plant leaves were collected on October 7, 2012 within 1 km from the site where the accident occurred. These samples were analyzed for soluble fluorine ion with an ion selective electrode. The ambient concentration of hydrogen fluoride was calculated using the fluoride content in the plant via the dose-rate equation (${\Delta}F$=KCT). Results: The arithmetic and geometric means of the concentrations were 2158.2 and 1183.7mg F $kg^{-1}$ for leaves and, 2.4 and 1.1 ppm HF for the air, respectively. The highest concentration of hydrogen fluoride in the air was 14.7 ppm, which is higher than the maximum concentration reported by the government (1 ppm) and the exposure limit (ceiling, 3 ppm). The concentrations of both fluorine and hydrogen fluoride decreased with increasing distance from the accident site and showed a significant decrease outside of a 500m radius from the site (p <0.05). Conclusions: The area around the accident site was highly polluted with hydrogen fluoride according to the results of this study. Considering the persistency of hydrogen fluoride in the environment, long-term monitoring and environmental impact assessment should be pursued.
서울시 초등학교 실내 먼지 중 프탈레이트 오염실태 조사
이영선(Young-Sun Lee),최인자(Inja Choi) 한국환경보건학회 2020 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.46 No.5
Objectives: This study is to examine the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials in elementary school classrooms and libraries in Seoul, and to investigate phthalate contamination in indoor dust. Methods: PVC material was identified for building materials and furniture using portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Phthalates in dust samples (n=19) were extracted by ultrasonic extraction using cyclohexane and analyzed by GC-MS. Results: Diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were found in all collected dust samples (n=19), and diisonyl phthalate (DINP) was detected in all except for one sample (n=18). The concentration of DEHP (median: 2190 mg/kg) and DINP (2960 mg/kg) were higher than other compounds, suggesting that there are many products in the school that used these compounds. When comparing the phthalate concentration in the classroom (n=11) and library dust (n=8), the total concentration in the classroom (median: 10000 mg/kg) was higher than that in the library (8030 mg/kg). DEHP was the dominant compound in the library. The library is relatively more equipped with PVC furniture (n=83) and most floors are also identified as PVC material, suggesting that floors and furniture made of PVC materials are main sources of DEHP contamination. Conclusions: This study is a pilot survey for investigating phthalate contamination in elementary schools. As a result of the survey, phthalate contamination in elementary school was confirmed. However, further study requires risk assessment of children through analysis of phthalate metabolites in children based on sufficient number of samples and information about the site.