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수용성 절삭유(Water-Soluble Metalworking Fluids)에서 분석한 MEA, DEA, TEA의 농도 분포 특성 및 질안전보건자료(MSDS) 에 대한 정확성 평가
이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),선옥남 ( Ok Nam Sun ),윤경섭 ( Kyung Sup Yoon ),박동욱 ( Dong Uk Park ) 한국산업위생학회 2005 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.15 No.1
This study was carried to assess the accuracy of material safety data sheets (MSDS) for some water-soluble metalworking fluid (MWF) with respect to monoethanolamine(MEA), di-ethanolamine(DEA) and tri-ethanolamine(TEA). 39 fresh and 52 used MWFs for this study were taken from the workplace. The quantification and qualification of MEA, DEA and TEA were done using ion-chromatography. Three main findings of this study were 1) EA that was not addressed in material safety & data sheets (MSDS) was found to be enough higher than 1% , 2) 33.3% of 39 fresh MWF showed ingredient and concentration of MEA, DEA and TEA in MSDS and 3) the concentrations of MEA(20.5%), DEA(41.3%) and TEA(15.4%) were much higher than those indicated in MSDS. Consequently, we concluded that the accuracy on ingredients and concentrations of MEA, DEA and TEA provided in MWF was very low. Our study recommends that the limit concentration of chemical except for carcinogen that employer has to indicate in MSDS should be lowered from 1% to 0.1%.
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최상준 ( Sang Jun Choi ),선옥남 ( Ok Nam Sun ),전용희 ( Yeon Hee Jeong ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2011 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.9 No.1
This study was conducted to characterize workers` exposure to styrene by job and task in laminating process for manufacturing double walled tank with Fiber-Reinforced Plastics (FRP). We identified styrene in raw materials such as unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), hardner, toner, and cleaner by gas chromatography with mass spectrometer. Personal samples for airborne styrene and mandelic acid in urine were sampled and analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionized detector and high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector, respectively. A major emission source of styrene was UPR which contained 37 % styrene by weight. Full shift exposure levels of styrene in air for sprayer and helper exceeded occupational exposure limit in Korea (20 ppm). Short term exposure level of styrene for spraying with FRP ranged from 45.9 ppm to 86.1 ppm, significantly higher than the case without FRP (p<0.01). The highest exposure to styrene was shown during the first coating with FRP which correspondingly represents the process that calls for precaution. Urine mandelic acid concentration did not exceed the biological exposure index, which is attributable to the practice of wearing air purifying respirator. It was indicated that workers in laminating process with FRP are exposed to styrene at high levels. They should wear personal respirator with properly replaced cartridge based on service life. The service life of mask used in this study is estimated as 8 days based on the airborne styrene concentration of 50 ppm.
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구미 불산 누출사고 지점 주변 식물의 불소화합물 농도 분포 및 공기 중 불화수소 농도 추정에 관한 연구
구슬기,최인자,김원,선옥남,김신범,이윤근,Gu, Seulgi,Choi, Inja,Kim, Won,Sun, Oknam,Kim, Shinbum,Lee, Yungeun 한국환경보건학회 2013 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.39 No.4
Objectives: The goal of this study is to identify the distribution of the foliar fluorine content of vegetation surrounding the area where hydrofluoric acid was accidently released in Gumi, Gyeongsangbuk-do on September 27, 2012. In addition, it also aims to estimate the concentration of hydrogen fluoride in the air on the day of the accident. Methods: Samples of plant leaves were collected on October 7, 2012 within 1 km from the site where the accident occurred. These samples were analyzed for soluble fluorine ion with an ion selective electrode. The ambient concentration of hydrogen fluoride was calculated using the fluoride content in the plant via the dose-rate equation (${\Delta}F$=KCT). Results: The arithmetic and geometric means of the concentrations were 2158.2 and 1183.7mg F $kg^{-1}$ for leaves and, 2.4 and 1.1 ppm HF for the air, respectively. The highest concentration of hydrogen fluoride in the air was 14.7 ppm, which is higher than the maximum concentration reported by the government (1 ppm) and the exposure limit (ceiling, 3 ppm). The concentrations of both fluorine and hydrogen fluoride decreased with increasing distance from the accident site and showed a significant decrease outside of a 500m radius from the site (p <0.05). Conclusions: The area around the accident site was highly polluted with hydrogen fluoride according to the results of this study. Considering the persistency of hydrogen fluoride in the environment, long-term monitoring and environmental impact assessment should be pursued.
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Estimates of the Number of Workers Exposed to Diesel Engine Exhaust in South Korea from 1993 to 2013
최상준,박동욱,김승원,하권철,Hyejung Jung,이광용,고동희,Deokmook Park,선옥남,Sanni Uuksulainen 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2016 Safety and health at work Vol.7 No.4
Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the number of workers exposed to diesel engine exhaust (DEE) by industry and year in the Republic of Korea. Method: The estimates of workers potentially exposed to DEE in the Republic of Korea were calculated by industry on the basis of the carcinogen exposure (CAREX) surveillance system. The data on the labor force employed in DEE exposure industries were obtained from the Census on Establishments conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office from 1993 to 2013. The mean values of prevalence rates adopted by EU15 countries were used as the primary exposure prevalence rates. We also investigated the exposure prevalence rates and exposure characteristics of DEE in 359 workplaces representing 11 industries. Results: The total number of workers exposed to DEE were estimated as 270,014 in 1993 and 417,034 in 2013 (2.2% of the total labor force). As of 2013, the industry categorized as “Land transport” showed the highest number of workers exposed to DEE with 174,359, followed by “Personal and household services” with 70,298, “Construction” with 45,555, “Wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels” with 44,005, and “Sanitation and similar services” with 12,584. These five industries, with more than 10,000 workers exposed to DEE, accounted for 83% of the total DEE-exposed workers. Comparing primary prevalence rates used for preliminary estimation among 49 industries, “Metal ore mining” had the highest rate at 52.6%, followed by “Other mining” with 50.0%, and “Land transport” with 23.6%. Conclusion: The DEE prevalence rates we surveyed (1.3-19.8%) were higher than the primary prevalence rates. The most common emission sources of DEE were diesel engine vehicles such as forklifts, trucks, and vans. Our estimated numbers of workers exposed to DEE can be used to identify industries with workers requiring protection from potential exposure to DEE in the Republic of Korea.
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