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최삼욱(Sam-Wook Choi),방수영(Sooyoung Bhang),안준호(Joon-Ho Ahn) 한국중독정신의학회 2007 중독정신의학 Vol.11 No.2
Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive substance. Caffeine has been considered occasionally as a drug of abuse, and the potential for dependence on caffeine has been debated. At this time, due to lack of clinical evidence on caffeine dependence, no such diagnosis included in the DSM-IV-TR. However, some population-based survey study showed that a substantial portion of caffeine users (9% or more) may fulfill DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence on caffeine. The authors reviewed available data on the mechanism of action on the central nervous system, the effects on the human performance, tolerance, withdrawal and dependence of caffeine. The classical drugs of abuse such as amphetamines and cocaine lead to dopamine release in the shell of the nucleus accumbens, the key structure for reward, motivation and addiction. However, caffeine doses that reflect the daily human consumption, do not induce a release of dopamine in the shell of the nucleus accumbens. In conclusion, further research is needed not only to replicate the positive findings of the previous studies on the caffeine dependence, but to explore the molecular basis of caffeine dependence and individual differences in the susceptibility to increased caffeine dependence bet-ween intervestibular nuclear activities after ULX by inhibition of vestibular nuclear complex through nhibitory Purkinje system.
도시 쉼터 남성 노숙자에서 병적 도박의 실태와 심리사회적 특성
최삼욱(Sam-Wook Choi),신영철(Young-Chul Shin),신은정(Eun-Jung Shin),김현수(Hyun-Soo Kim),이재헌(Jae-Hun Lee),김범조(Bum-Jo Kim) 한국중독정신의학회 2007 중독정신의학 Vol.11 No.1
Objectives:This study was to assess the prevalence of pathological gambling in homeless men living in a city shelter in Seoul and to investigate the comparative characteristics of home-less people with and without probable pathological gambling. Methods:The subjects were 119 homeless men living in a city shelter in Seoul. Questionnaires on socio-demographic and psychiatric data were administrated to the subjects. Probable pathological gambling was assessed with Korean South Oaks Gambling Screen (K-SOGS) and probable alcohol dependence was evaluated by CAGE questionnaire. Results:The rate of lifetime probable pathological gambling was 34.5% (41 of 119) and the rate of probable alcohol dependence was 37.8% (45 of 119). The homeless in this study with probable pathological gambling were significantly more likely to have longer times of homelessness, more counseling experiences about gambling, more suicide at-tempts related to gambling problem, more gambling problems with parents, more frequent drinking per given week and higher CAGE scores than the homeless without probable pathological gambling. Conclusion:These results should encourage clinicians working with homeless people to screen for pathological gambling and alcohol use disorder as well. And the plans to approach and treat homeless people with addiction disorder should be made.
최삼욱(Sam-Wook Choi),신영철(Young-Chul Shin),김대진(Dai-Jin Kim),최정석(Jung-Seok Choi),김서희(Seohee Kim),김승현(Seung-Hyun Kim),윤현철(HyunChul Youn) 한국중독정신의학회 2017 중독정신의학 Vol.21 No.1
Objectives : Gambling disorder (GD) is defined as persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. GD can cause personal, vocational, legal, and financial problems. However, the gold standard for treating GD has not been established yet. This re-view summarizes the screening, diagnosis, assessment, and treatment for GD. Methods : We referred to new and previously published studies and guidelines. Results : We introduced screening methods such as self-report scales and described DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. We also suggested essential information worthy of considering during the assessment stage. Explanations about treatment included novel options and conventional methods such as cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy. Finally, we created an algorithm for treating GD. Conclusion : This review not only provides a summary for GD treatment, but also serves as a reference for designing future studies on GD.
산림치유가 청소년 인터넷 중독 위험군의 신경인지, 심리사회, 그리고 생리적 측면에 미치는 영향
최삼욱 ( Sam Wook Choi ),목정연 ( Jung Yeon Mok ),김민수 ( Min Soo Kim ),정안수 ( Ahn Soo Chung ),한진우 ( Jin Woo Han ),우종민 ( Jong Min Woo ),김기원 ( Ki Weon Kim ),박범진 ( Bum Jin Park ) 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.2
This study aims to evaluate the impact of forest therapy on neuro-cognitive, psychosocial, and physiological aspect of adolescent internet addiction risk group. We have classified potential and high risk user group as internet addiction risk group according to the criteria of Korean Internet Addiction Proneness Scale(K Scale). Based on the results of k-scale from the adolescents in metropolitan area from May to July 2013, 25 people were selected as Internet addiction risk group. We have randomized 13 participants joining forest therapy camp and 12 participants not joining one, and analyzed the change of the two groups with Continuous Performance, Kimberly S. Young, Connor-Davidson Resilience, Relationship Change Scale, heart rate variability and cortisol. Statistically significant changes were observedd in neuro-cognitive, psychosocial, and physiological variables, Through this study, we can consider that the therapy healing may relieve the level of internet addiction and can be an alternative to control emotional stability and impulsive behavior.
최삼욱(Sam-Wook Choi),박영민(Young Min Park),박주언(Joo-Eon Park),채정호(Jeong-Ho Chae),강은호(Eun-Ho Kang) 대한스트레스학회 2008 스트레스硏究 Vol.16 No.3
Positive psychology emphasizes the need to understand the positive aspect of human experience, as well as understanding and ameliorating psychopathology and distress. Positive therapy explores the relevance of positive psychology to therapy. In this article, we reviewed the fundamental assumptions of positive psychology and therapy, and its possibility of the application to stress management. We summarized a variety of current positive therapies that share the same fundamental assumptions of positive psychology. Additionally, we mentioned the pitfalls and future of positive therapy. Finally, we suggested the need for further clinical evidence of positive therapy in stress management and various health care settings.
신영철,최삼욱,Shin, Young-Chul,Choi, Sam-Wook 대한불안의학회 2006 대한불안의학회지 Vol.2 No.2
Depression, anxiety and stress are important components of theories of pathological gambling and are often foci of treatment with patients with gambling problems. In the present review we attempt to examine the relationship between anxiety, depression, stress and pathological gambling. Although the previous studies on this subject are limited and the relationship is unclear and complex, our review on the previous studies and clinical experiences on this subject could offer new insights for the assessment and treatment of pathological gamblers.
박상욱(Sang-Wook Park),최삼욱(Sam-Wook Choi),이상규(Sang-Kyu Lee) 한국중독정신의학회 2020 중독정신의학 Vol.24 No.2
As it has been disclosed that excessive gaming sometimes leads to serious addictive problems, consecutive studies on the Internet and gaming addiction have been conducted, and information and research results have been accumulated. The Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) included Internet Gaming disorder in Section III and the new international classification of diseases (ICD-11) have proposed that the diagnostic criteria of gaming disorder be classified in the addictive disorder category. It facilitated evidence-based data on introducing the disease codes of gaming disorders and presenting the formal diagnostic disease entity. In this paper, the diagnostic criteria of gaming disorders in the ICD-11 and Internet gaming disorders in the DSM-5 were described, and various assessments and structured interview tools were introduced by reviewing previous studies and documents to evaluate them. This paper summarizes the latest literature and studies on the diagnosis and evaluation of the gaming disorder, and obtains and delivers information for referral in the clinical field and in subsequent studies.
일 대학병원 소아청소년 정신건강클리닉에 내원한 청소년에서 인터넷게임중독과 정신과적 증상의 관계
오은정(Eun-Jeong Oh),최삼욱(Sam-Wook Choi),이해국(Hae-Kook Lee),박장호(Jang-Ho Park),안준호(Joon-Ho Ahn),최지은(Ji-Eun Choi),방수영(Soo-Young Bhang) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2014 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.25 No.3
Objectives:The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between internet game addiction and psychiatric symptoms. Methods:A total of 447 adolescents who were recruited from a child and adolescent psychiatric clinic of university hospital completed a self-report questionnaire consisting of Korean Internet Addiction Self-scale (K-scale), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Korean-Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (K-ARS), and Adolescent Happiness Index (AHI). They were classified into three internet user groups, non-addicted group (below or equal to 94), potential risk group (95 to 107) and high risk group (above or equal to 108) according to K-scale total score. Results:Significant mean differences in BDI, BAI, K-ARS, and AHI scores were observed among the three groups. The BDI, BAI and K-ARS scores showed positive correlation with K-score. The AHI score showed negative correlation with Kscore. Conclusion:Findings of this study suggest that depression, anxiety, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and happiness are associated with internet game addiction.