6.25 전쟁 시 중공군의 역할과 북한 유사시 중국의 역할 전망

최경식,Choi, Kyung-Sik 대전대학교 군사연구원 2010 군사학연구 Vol.8 No.-

The year 2010 is the 60th anniversary commemorating the Korean War. China intervened in the Korean War with the logics such as "To Resist the U.S.'s Aggression and Aid North Korea," "Save Endangered Home & defend Nation," and "If the Lips Are Gone, the Teeth Will Be Exposed to the Cold or If One of Them Falls, the Other is in Danger." However, China had a deep and long connection with North Korea through 1st Chinese Civil War, war against Japan imperialism, and 2nd Chinese Civil War. China has consulted with Kim Il-sung on his invasion of South Korea at the initial stage of development and played a casting vote role in the execution of the invasion plan. During the Korean War, the PLA supported the North Korea's regime by its action, and made the Korea Peninsula divide into two semi-permanently. Even after the war, China continues to maintain relations with North Korea by helping North Korea build the Kim Il-sung's Kingdom. Currently, whenever any issue related to North Korea rises in the international society, China definitely gets involved in those issues and exercises its power. Conditionally 'either armed aggression or, and wartime' in North Korea, China would follow the "Clause of Military Auto Intervention." In addition, China is very likely to establish refugee camps for North Koreans in the Northeastern-Three-Province and to provide rear bases or guerrilla camps for pro-Chinese sects. Furthermore, voluntarily playing a role as spokesman of North Korean Regime in the international society, China will exercise enormous influence on the reunification of the Korean Peninsula.

오일샌드 탐사 및 개발을 위한 현생유사퇴적환경 연구의 중요성

최경식,Choi, Kyung-Sik 한국석유지질학회 2008 한국석유지질학회지 Vol.14 No.1

캐나다 오일샌드는 사우디아라비아의 원유 부존량과 맞먹을 만큼 방대한 매장량을 자랑하고 있는 대표적인 비재래 원유이다. 오일샌드 저류층을 구성하는 퇴적층은 조수우세 퇴적환경에서 형성된 수로충진층으로 구성되어 있다. 조수퇴적층은 외부에서 작용하는 에너지의 상호작용 결과 공간적으로 복잡하고 불균질한 물성을 가지는 것이 특징적이다. 오일샌드의 성공적인 개발을 위해서는 저류층내 물성의 공간적인 분포에 대한 심도있는 이해를 기반으로 하는 공법이 적용되어야 한다. 오일샌드 저류층의 특성화를 위해 사용되는 지질모델은 고기와 현생의 유사퇴적환경에 대한 비교연구를 기반으로 구축되며, 특히 현생 유사퇴적환경 연구는 저류층의 형성과정과 저류층 물성의 불균질성을 제어하는 외부 기구에 대한 정보를 제공하므로 정교한 지질모델 구축에 필수적인 요소로 인식되고 있다. 한국 서해안 조수우세퇴적환경은 캐나다 오일샌드 저류층이 형성된 퇴적환경과 유사한 것으로 판단되며, 이암파편층 분포, 퇴적상 및 층서 아키텍쳐 등과 같은 오일샌드 저류층 특성화에 필수적인 개념의 정립에 중요한 단서를 제공하는 것으로 평가받고 있어 그 중요성이 최근 큰 주목을 받고 있다. Oil sands in Canada are representative example of unconventional resources whose reserve estimates are as large as those in Saudi Arabia. Typical reservoir rocks of oil sands consist of channel-related deposits formed in a tide-dominated depositional setting. The tidal deposits are commonly characterized by spatially complicated and heterogeneous properties. Successful engineering methods to develop oil sands require in-depth understanding in the spatial distribution of reservoir properties. Geological model for oil sand reservoir characterization can be built on the basis of comparative studies of ancient and modem analogues. In particular, modern analogue studies become increasingly indispensable, since they provide better understanding in the reservoir-rock forming process and more importantly in the external mechanism responsible for the reservoir heterogeneity. Tide-dominated environment along the west coast of Korea is considered as one of the most excellent modem analogues of oil-sand forming depositional environment. Korean tidal environment provides insights on the origin of mud breccia, facies and stratigraphic architecture which are key issues to the characterization of oil sand reservoirs.

경기만 석모수도 수로제방 조간대층에 발달하는 경사이질암상층리의 퇴적학적 연구 - 오일샌드 탐사 적용가능성

최경식,전승수,김성필,박세진,Choi, Kyung-Sik,Dalrymple, R.W.,Chun, Seung-Soo,Kim, Sung-Pil,Park, Se-Jin 한국석유지질학회 2005 한국석유지질학회지 Vol.11 No.1

경기만 북부 석모수도 수로제방에 40 m 두께의 조수로 포인트바(tidal point bar) 퇴적층이 발달하고 있다. 수로 제방은 위로 볼록한 형태를 가지고 있으며 간헐적으로 간조선 근방에서 파랑기원의 침식면이 나타난다. 경사이질암상층리는 최대 25 m 두께로 발달하며 수로 방향으로 경사도는 14도에 달한다. 경사이질암상층리의 하부에는 밀물방향성을 갖는 사층리층이 발달한다. 석모수도는 썰물우세 수로이지만 밀물 방향성의 사층리가 우세하게 발달하는데 이것은 조수로의 전형적인 특성인 창조류와 낙조류리 상호 회피성에 기인한다. 경사이질암상층리는 세립사와 점토의 교호층리로 구성되며 상향 세립화의 경향성을 보인다. 석모수도의 거대한 크기와 한강으로부터의 멀리 떨어진 위치, 강한 조류의 영향으로 인해 퇴적층 내에는 한강의 계절적인 유량변동이 기록되지 않는다. An occurrence of inclined heterolithic stratification (IHS) is described from a tidal point bar in a 40-m-deep distributary of the macrotidai, Han River delta, Korea. The channel bank demonstrates a convex-upward profile with intermittent presence or wave-formed scarps and terraces near the low-water level. The vertical succession of IHS is approximately 25 m thick and dips into the channel with angles reaching up to $14^{\circ}C$. The IHS overlies 15 m of trough cross-bedded sand deposited in the channel bottom. Even though the channel as a whole is ebb dominated, the preserved cross bedding is predominantly flood directed because the mutually evasive nature of the ebb and flood currents causes the point bar surface to be flood dominated. The IHS itself consists of inter-stratified fine sand, sandy silt, and silt with an fining-upward textural trend. Seasonal discharge variations of the Han River are not obvious in the deposits, because tile large size, distal location, and energetic tidal environment of the studied channel reduces the impart of river-stage fluctuations.

氷變形 특성에 있어서 塑性 모델의 응용

최경식(Kyung-Sik Choi) 한국해양공학회 1990 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.4 No.2

This study focuses the mechanical deformation response predicted by the plasticity model for polycrystalline ice. To describe various deformation characteristics, ice is idealized as a perfectly plastic material using an asymptotic exponential failure criterion. This criterion is suite for describing materials which exhibit brittle deformation at low hydrostatic pressure and ductile deformation at high hydrostatic pressure. The results are compared to those of continuum damage mechanics model. Plasticity model shows good agreement with damage model and experimental results for high confining pressures even at high strain-rates which is usually considered as a brittle condition under uniaxial compression.

북극해 항로의 전망과 쇄빙상선의 활용

최경식(KYUNG-SIK CHOI),조성철(SEONG-CHEOL CHO) 한국해양공학회 2003 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.17 No.6

For moving cargo between the North Pacific region and Northern European ports, the Northern Sea Route, along Russia's coastline, is 35-60% shorter than the traditionally used routes through the Suez or Panama Canals. In addition to its shorter distance, there exist extensive ports and shipping infrastructure, and the potential for developing new markets in Russia and other northern countries including Korea and Japan. These incentives attracted considerable attention from the international shipping and shipbuilding industries and have formed a cooperative international research program, called as the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP). This paper is a general compilation of the historical usage, recent trade developments, the physical environment, and the practical considerations that may shape future operational mode of shipping in the NSR based on results from INSROP reports. This study focuses mainly on an operation of commercial icebreaking cargo vessels that may be utilized along the NSR.

서안사변(西安事變)에서 중국공산당이 끼친 영향 분석

최경식 ( Kyung Sik Choi ) 한국군사학회 2008 군사논단 Vol.53 No.-

중국(中國)의 령도집체(領導集體) 선출 패턴과 차기 지도부 예상

최경식 ( Choi Kyung-sik ) 한국군사학회 2017 군사논단 Vol.89 No.-

We can preconceive the post Xijinping through the 19th National Congress of the CPC will be held in autumn of 2017. CPC have a collective leadership system, the lead group is changed in a 10year-cycle. National Congress is held in a 5year-cycle, the lead group is changed at even number term, at odd number term we can know the key figure of the next term`s ruling power. At least five years ago, that is, we could know the core successors. CPC have been a painful history of the dictatorship, so in order to prevent the right to focus on a person, they have set a security device. That is the collective leadership system. the lead group is just the standing committee members of the Politburo of the CPC. The personnel selection criteria of the collective leadership system is to have both ability and political integrity. Based on this, the materialization factor is better-educated, professionally, more competent and younger in age. A farm team is CPC and the Communist Youth League, through this organization to explore talent, in order to have the expertise, they have been honed for a long time in the grassroots organs , and then go through the provincial or municipal Party Secretary The party post must be passed by the national representative, the Central Committee, the member of the Politburo and the member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the CPC. The highest organ of CPC is the Secretariat of the CPC Central committee, the core leadership is General Secretary. On this standard, the most likely successor is Huchunhua and Sunzhengcai. Among these factors, we predict that Huchunhua is likely to be the General Secretary.

강화훈련이 단거리ㆍ장거리 달리기 선수의 골밀도에 미치는 영향

최경식(Choi Kyung-Sik),이재문(Lee Jae-Mun) 한국체육과학회 2005 한국체육과학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intensified training on bone mineral density(BMD) and bone mineral content(BMC) in Short distance runners(SD) and long distance runners(LD), We used dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DEXA) method. The subjects for this study were divided into two groups: short distance runner(n=13), long distance runner(n=9), Statistical techniques for data analysis were student t-test and paired t-test, and 0.05 level of significance was utilized. The following results were obtained from this study. First, According to the pre and post of training the total bone mineral density of SD showed 1.15±0.08g/㎝, 1.16±0.09g/㎠, LD showed, 1.03±0.05g/㎠, 1.03±0.05g/㎠the no significant, but there was significance between SD and LD which the higher SD better than LD. And BMD of every parts of body showed the following order ; (the highest) abdomen>legs>trunk>arms(the lowest). Second, According to the pre and post of training the total bone mineral content of SD showed 3437.84±462.05g, 3525.00±457.09g, LD showed 2907.22±215.28g, 2935.56±220.11g no significant, but there was significance between SD and ill which the higher SD better than ill. And BMC of every parts of body showed the following order ; (the highest) leg>trunk>abdomen>arms(the lowest).

재한 외국인 유학생의 문화적응스트레스에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰

최경식(Kyung-Sik Choi) 한국다문화복지학회 2019 복지와 문화다양성연구 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구는 재한 외국인 유학생의 문화적응스트레스 관련요인을 분석한 체계적 문헌고찰 연구이다. 체계적 문헌고찰은 재한 외국인 유학생 관련 논문이 나오기 시작한 2000년대 초반부터 2018년까지 국내외 학회지에 게재된 문화적응스트레스를 종속 변인으로 한 선행 연구를 분석대상으로 삼았다. 이를 위하여 한국학술정보서비스의 온라인 검색을 수행한 결과, 총 379편이 검색되었고, 최종 42편이 분석에 이용되었다. 연구 결과 한국어수준, 진로확실성, 건강수준, 학년, 학생신분, 성적, 용돈, 거주형태의 변수들이 재한 외국인 유학생의 문화적응스트레스에 영향을 미치는 관련요인으로 파악되었다. 재한 외국인 유학생의 한국어 수준이 낮을수록, 학업 후 진로가 불확실할수록, 건강상태가 나쁠수록, 학년이 낮을수록, 학생 신분이 불안정할수록, 성적이 낮을수록, 용돈이 부족할수록, 거주형태가 불안정할수록, 문화적응스트레스를 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 문화적응스트레스 구성 하위 변인들 중 향수병, 지각된 차별감. 문화충격, 두려움, 지각된 적대감, 기타 스트레스, 지각된 적대감 순으로 문화적응 스트레스에 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이를 근거로 유학생의 원만한 한국생활 적응을 위한 근거중심의 실무프로그램 개발 및 향후 연구 방향을 제언하였다. This study was reviewed of researches on acculturaltive stress among foreign student in Korea. The targets of systematic review were researches on cultural adaptation stress published out from 2000 to 2018. Totally 379 articles were founded through online search activities and 42 articles were analyzed. Therefore it has been found that the lower the conditions is such as the Korean language skill, the uncertain plan after school, poor health, lower grade, the unstable student status(Language school, under graduate, graduates school), lower GPA(than 3.5), lack of pocket money, unstable residence pattern (dormitory, rented room, others), the more cultural adaptation stress they got. The study showed that the more the homesick, perceived discrimination, culture shock, fear, perceived hostility, and other stress they received, the higher cultural adaptation stress migrant students got.

농업분야 신생 협동조합의 현황과 유형별 특징

최경식 ( Kyung Sik Choi ),남기포 ( Gi Pou Nam ),황대용 ( Dae Yong Hwang ) 한국농촌지도학회 2014 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 협동조합기본법에 의해 설립된 농업분야 협동조합의 운영현황과 유형별 특징을 파악하여 시사점을 제시할 목적으로 수행 되었다. 이를 위하여 195개의 협동조합을 설문조사하였다. 결과를 요약하면, 농업분야 협동조합은 설립목적에 따라서 사업자협동조합, 소비자협동조합, 사회적 협동조합으로 구분할 수 있다. 사업자협동조합은 조합원의 소득향상을 목적으로 하는 생산자협동조합과 직원협동조합으로 나누어지지만, 생산자 협동조합 비율이 매우 높다. 사업자 협동조합은 조합규모가 30명 내외 규모가 많고 1인당 출자금은 모든 협동조합 유형중에서 가장 높은 수준이다. 또한, 생산과 가공 그리고 유통업을 겸업하는 것이 일반적이며, 영업방식은 온라인을 활용하거나 안정적인 계약관계에 의존하는 경향이 있다. 소비자 협동조합은 소비자 협동조합과 이해관계자 협동조합으로 나누어지며 조합원의 복지를 설립목적으로 한다. 조합규모는 30명이상의 규모가 많지만 1인당 출자금 액수는 낮은편이다. 유통업을 주업종으로 영위하며 판매방식은 인적 네트워크와 고정점포를 활용하는 경우가 많다. 사회적 협동조합은 공익목적으로 설립되고 10명이하 소규모인 경우가 많으며 1인당 출자금 또한 가장적다. 운영 및 사업내용은 소비자 협동조합과 유사하다. 본 연구의 시사점은 협동조합의 유형별 사업모델에 따라 적정규모화를 추진할 필요가 있으며 설립과정에서의 지원정책보다는 사업개발 및 경영안정화를 위한 정책이 필요하다는데 있다. 또한 농협과 연계한 지원정책도 마련되어야 할 필요성이 있다. 다만 이러한 정책을 추진하기 위해서는 심층적인 사례연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. This study attempted to provide policy recommendations in promoting new cooperatives established in agriculture based on the 2012 Cooperative Act. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 195 newly established cooperatives as the policy target of this study. The new cooperatives were classified as three kinds namely as ‘Business’ Cooperatives’, ‘Consumers’ Cooperatives’, ‘Social Cooperatives’ based on their member attributes and objectives. Interesting to note that, all of these new cooperatives born by the new Act has taken the marketing business as their main stream business. Among the three types, ‘Business Cooperatives’ are ranked the highest amount of capital shares per person in average, having about 30 members in size. In categorization, ‘Business Cooperatives’ include farmer cooperatives as majority and employee cooperatives. They are usually involved in both production and marketing and even in processing activities, and have tried to secure their business performance by e-commerce and stable business contracts. Their diverse activities are highly associated with their local community. Consumers’ Cooperatives include consumer cooperatives and stakeholder cooperatives in achieving welfare of members. This type has lower share in capital but has over 30 members in a cooperative, taking marketing (distribution) business as main and often take advantage of their social network and physical store. Regional relationships are less than producer cooperatives. ‘Social Cooperatives’ are established by public interest and have around 10 members and lowest per capital. their business and community activity is similar to the consumer cooperatives. This study recommends the needs of designing suitable business models by these three types of cooperatives in the future, while appropriating their membership size for their tangible business operations. The government policy direction should aim to develop their new business opportunities and its management stabilization, especially in conjunction with the existing agricultural cooperatives (Nonghyup). It must be rather than to provide simply policy supports for establishment. An in-depth study is recommended in this regard.