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- 저자 : 최경도(Kyong Do Choi) (검색결과 37 건)
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최경도(Kyong-do Choi) 한국아메리카학회 2013 美國學論集 Vol.45 No.3
Henry James became a British citizen a year before he died in 1916. This had brought a controversial debate as to the motive of his decision to abandon his native land as well as United States citizenship. In American circles, James was criticized sharply. To many people in the U. S., James's decision was regarded as an act of disloyalty, a confirmation that James was "anti-American." However, James was thoroughly a cosmopolitan both in his life and writing. He was national in his choice of characters and subject since his characters were mostly Americans while his subject was concerned with the uniquely American experiences in Europe. James was at the same time international because the world of his novel predominantly depicts the intermingling of two different worlds on both sides of the Atlantic. As an American expatriate living in Europe, James was inevitably associated with the question of nationality. To James the question of national identity was crucial since his fiction shows a remarkable play of this issue, largely through the international theme. With their experiences in Europe, James's American characters were able to define their own national identity. James was transnational in an era when national boundaries were keenly felt to people in his age. Anticipating the cosmopolitanism of the expatriate writers in the 1920s, James performed his role as an international writer across the geopolitical boundaries. James made his readers undermine the physical and psychological conventions that define the nation as indivisible entity. After all, James's writings emphasize the human capability to learn from cultural, social, and national differences.
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최경도(Choi Kyong-do),김지영(Kim Ji-young) 새한영어영문학회 2003 새한영어영문학 Vol.45 No.1
This study aims to examine the idea of others in the 19th century American literature. In the peculiar American context where individualism had been a predominant social and cultural force, the main image of the century is on a white male. The legendary American characters in this age are white men who decide their own destiny as they are actively participating in the making of the new country. As a consequence, the selfhood of others are easily ignored. Here the meaning of others is defined as belonging to people or group who are not recognized as authentic individuals. In the 19th century American literature, the disregard for others is expressed in the form of race, gender and culture, while others are being referred to as women, blacks, American Indians and the people in popular culture. All of these people are seen living outside the current of genuine American experiences. Our question is on the fact that while many literary works at this time are devoted to depicting the potential of white males, little is said about "other" people who are not granted a solid status or entity. Seen in this respect, the idea of others can become an effective tool through which to discuss about the identity of the 19th century American literature, especially in relation to the establishment of national literature. The major writers in this period such as James Fenimore Cooper, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Mark Twain, and Henry James introduce characters who are regarded as others but can contribute much to the formation of true American characters. Throughout these characters, the writers come to evoke what others mean in the unique experience of the 19th century America. As a colored race, the Indians and blacks are regarded living outside civilization and become the victim of the white dominance, whereas the women are prohibited to participate in society as an independent being. These figures, however, transcend the limit imposed upon them, coming to terms with the social and cultural restriction. Not lingering in an isolated sphere, characters regarded as others prove that they are also participating in the American experience with diverse activities. After all, it is through the relation to others that the uniqueness and diversity of American literature is confirmed.
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최경도(Kyong-do Choi) 한국영미문학교육학회 2008 영미문학교육 Vol.12 No.1
This paper aims to explore the question of autobiography in its theoretical and cultural contexts. Unlike other literary genre, autobiography did not go through the systematic process of development and, consequently, did not have the authentic theory. The literary theory of autobiography came into being in the late 20th century, especially in the 1970s, and our own is being called the age of autobiography with the booming of the publication of all kinds of autobiography in virtually every field. Though it deals with the unique individual experience, autobiography is more universal than local, more timeless than historic, and more meaningful in the portrayal of individuals than merely personal. In its exploration of the lived experience of individuals and its written record, the study of autobiography enhances our understanding of autobiography in its history, theory and practice. Autobiography has the premise that all knowledge begins in self-discovery, so that man is the starting point of the universe. In other words, to produce autobiography is to define the concept of the self in its diverse manifestation and this self is best understood from the single source. After all, man carries out his instinctive desire by the act of seeking his own image through autobiography.<BR> Autobiography becomes, more than any other genres, the literary genre that can engage our immediate interest since it is based upon the individual life which is growing to be personal and authentic. Though it treats specific times and individuals, autobiography becomes a vehicle through which we get to the individual life realistically and learn a deep understanding of humanity. Part of the reason that autobiography appeals to many readers is that by looking at the actualities of other people, they get access to the order of life that cannot be easily found in the daily experience itself. As one of the rare historical sources about individuals, autobiography brings us the direct experiences of individuals by allowing the possibility that each person might have his own autobiography allotted to him. The other reason that autobiography is getting important in recent years is that it became a source for understanding others whose voice had been denied due to their race, gender, religion, and social standing. In conclusion, autobiography needs to be newly recognized through the social and cultural context that it contains and to come to grips with the question of what it has been and is, and what it aspires to be.
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