운동역학 : Tubex 탄성저항과 Spring 탄성저항의 장기적응 운동시 근힘 - 속도 , 근지구력 및 근특성변화 비교연구

채홍원(HongWoenChae) 한국체육학회 1999 한국체육학회지 Vol.38 No.1

ERT(elasticity resistive training)은 힘, 지구력, 순발력 증강을 위해 널리 채용되고 있는 새 트레이닝법이다.본 연구의 목적은 ERT 장기적응훈련이 다리근력, 지구력 탄성 힘효율이 크게 나타나는지? 또한 근육조직의 여러 특성 변화가 어떻게 나타나는지를 연구하게 되며 아울러 Tubex groups(TG)와 Metal spring groups(M7S)의 탄성힘 트레이닝에 의해 운동효과차이가 어떻게 나타나는지를 상호비교 연구하는데 있다.양집단 대상의 신체특성인 연령, 키, 몸무게는 각각 TG는 19.4±1.48세, 172.0±2.60㎝, 64.1±8.9㎏과 MSG는 19.4±1.52세, 173.7±4.45㎝, 66.0±4.03㎏ 이었다. 8주간 점증적 부하법(the progressive overload method)에 의해 주간빈도 3일 운동소요 시간은 15∼20분으로 동등한 탄성저항 부하운동을 실행했다. 양집단 실험전후와 실험후 양집단간 평균성적을 비교했고, ANOVA(2×2 repeated measure)분석법에 의해 5% 유의수준에서 통계처리했다.본 실험에서 획득한 결과는 다음과 같다.TG와 MSG의 실험전후 검사결과는 모두 다리 근힘-속도(leg peak-torque), 다리 신근 지구력(leg extension muscular endurance)에서 유의한 증가가 나타났다(p<.05). 다리 굴근 지구력은 유의하지 않았고 힘의 절대량은 MSG<TG 였으나 양집단간 통계적으로 유의성은 나타나지 않았다.근섬유 특성 분포비율 Type I, Type IIa, Type IIb 모두 그 특질변화가 나타나지 않았고 근단면적, 모세혈관 확산 등에서 실험전후 유의했다(p<.05). 그러나 TG와 MSG는 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 본 실험결과는 양집단 모두 탄성저항훈련이 근력, 근지구력의 증강에 유의하였으나 TG-MSG간의 상호우위성은 유의한 통계적 결과는 나타나지 않았다. Elasticity resistance training(ERT) is popular in the improvement of muscular power. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ERT affected leg isokinetic strength and muscle morphological characteristics. Two kinds of ERT such as rubber resistance (Tubex Group; TG) and metal resistance (Metal Spring Group; MSG) were tested for 8-week. The isokinetic strength at the speed of 60。/s, 180。/s, and 240。/s were measured at the Cybex pre to and post 8-week training of either TG or MSG..Isokinetic leg peak-torque at the speed of 60。/s and 180。/s of TG and MSG were significantly improved(p<.05). Isokinetic leg endurance at the speed of 240。/s of TG and MSG were significantly improved. However, There was no interaction between MSG and TG. At the results of muscle biopsy, the area of all muscle fiber were significantly increased after either TG or MSG with the increase in isokinetic strengths. The diffusion area per capillary was significantly increased at all muscle fibers. Although isokinetic muscle endurance was significantly improved, the diffusion area per capillary was reversely increased.Therefore, the results of the current study were indicated that both TG and MSG significantly affect the improvement of either isokinetic strength and endurance. There was on interaction between TG and MSG.

자연과학편 : 스트랭스화(靴)와 운동화(運動靴) 탄성충격저항(彈性衝擊抵抗)에 의한 Plyometric 트레이닝 효과비교(效果比較) 연구(硏究)

채홍원(HongWoenChae),이민형(MinHyungLee),장용수(YongSooChang),강영수(YoungSooKang),추계호(ZouJiHao),정후성(ZhenHouChen),원문학(WonMoonHeck) 한국체육학회 1995 한국체육학회지 Vol.34 No.1

It has been generally reported that. the plyometric training with volley-boll shoes(VS)can strengthen the voluntary muscles and improve their stetch reflex and the power in consequence of the connected elastic reflex: it provides an overloaded isometrics exercise which causes muscular stretch reflex in the amortization phase while players are engaging in landing and take-up motion.It is also generally argued that the plyometrics thaining with strength-power shoes(SPS) can reinforce the strength and power by overloading the muscles in thigh. calf and knee, and Achilles tendon: the strength-power shoes, with wide rubber soles and no heel, can shift and keep the whole body weight onto the front part of the feet. This research was intended to compare the SPS and the VS when they were employed in the plyometrics training by means of elastic impact resistance, and to determine which of the two would be better improve the muscular strength and power of the players. To attain the aim, we selected 24 university students in China, the non-controlled. group with ordinary VS. All the subjects were measured after training for 20 to 30 minutes on every third day for 8 weeks. With other training conditions equal, both groups were assigned with. the gradual loading system of plyometric exercise: that is, with the increasing height of the springboard form 40cm to 50, 60, and 70cm for the subjects to experience the repetitive isometric stress. Every record was measured before and after the test with cross-sectional analysis.The result of which are as follows.1. Motor FitnessThe SPS group showed a higher performence rate in motor speed(1), vertical jump(6), and power(1). The improvement rates in the pre-post test of SPS and VS were, respectively, 68% and 5.9%. 16.8% and 10.2%, 17.3% and 15.9%, 21.4% and 15.6%, 22.9% and 21.4%, 22.3% and 17.5% and 23.7% and 17.8%(p<0.01)In the improvement rate, SPS showed a higher rate(15.7%, 16.3%, 12.6%, 17.2%, 0.1%)than VS, and the level of 5% in vertical jump was statistically significant whole other factors were not.2. Motor Impact ForceIn motor impact force Fz, Fxyz, Fmax, and APT, the recorded performence were similsr, but in the amortization phase, the SPS group recorded a better result. The rates in the pre-post test of SPS and VS were 43.4% and 27.7%, 43.1% and 26.8%, 36.9% and 24.3%, 22.3% and 51% and 12.3 and 12.2 and respectively(p<0.01, p< 0.05).The differences of the improvement rate between the two groups were measured as 15.7%, 16.3%, 12.6%, 17.2% and 0.1% in favor of the SPS group, but statistically they were insignificant with the level of only 5%. (p >0.05%).3. SuggestionSince the SPS group showed a higher performance rate in the gradual plyometrics training for the period of 8 weeks, we are confident that such training method would be very effective for motor speed, power, and impact force. And we sincerely hope that the method we have explored would be adopted as frequently as the explosive jump training which have been so far perferred in training.Finally we can say with some special emphasis that our exploration can be made into an Super Quality Training program for more effective training in the items which require a high degree of speed and jumping ability such as volley ball, basketball, soccer and hurdle race.

스포츠 생리학 : 스트랭스 - 파워화 장기적응 훈련시 각근 순발력, 근구조 특성변화 및 골화에 미치는 영향

채홍원(HongWoenChae) 한국체육학회 1996 한국체육학회지 Vol.35 No.4

SPST(Strength-Power Shoes Training)는 각근 순발력 향상을 위해 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 SPST시 근육 조직의 변화를 일으키는지 아니면 일으키지 않는지를 연구하는 것이다. 연구의 대상으로는 K대학교 체육교육과 일반 남자 학생 20명을 대상으로 실행했는데 연령은 20.8±0.6세, 신장은 175.1±3.4㎝, 체중은 70.7±3.7Kg이었다. 연구방법으로는 K대학교 체육관에서 SPS(Strength-Power Shoes)를 신고 운동시간 20∼30분, 주간빈도 3일, 트레이닝 기간 8주 동안 「실험 특성화 훈련 계획」에 따라 점증적 과부하법으로 실행했다. 본 연구에서는 등속성 근력, 다리의 근지구력, 근육조직 검사, X-선 촬영 등을 실행했다. 8주간 실행한 검사의 결과로 등속성 근력검사에서는 Cybex 340의 60°/s, 180°/s, 240°/s 부하속도에서 굴근, 신근 모두 양발에서 유의하게 향상되었다. 240°/s 부하속도에서 ∠60, ∠90의 힘효율이 굴근의 경우 양발 모두 유의하게 증가되었다. 그러나 신근의 경우는 ∠90의 오른다리를 제외한 것에서만 유의하게 증가했다. 근지구력은 굴근에서 양발 모두 유의하게 증가했으나 신근에서 왼다리는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 근육조직 검사 결과로서 각근섬유 비율분포는 실험전후 변화가 없었다. 각근섬유 단면적은 Type IIb형은 실험 후 유의하게 증가되었으나, Type I과 Type IIa의 단면적은 악간 증가하였으나 유의한 변화는 없었다. 각근 섬유당 모세혈관수는 Type I과 Type IIb에서 유의하게 감소하여 한개의 모세혈관이 지배하는 근섬유의 단면적은 트레이닝 후 모든 근섬유에서 유의하게 증가했다. X-선 검사에서는 실험전후에 별다른 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 8주간의 훈련으로 신경 소통성의 향상과 근섬유 FT fiber 단면적 향상으로 인해 힘효율이 향상되었다고 사료되며, 근-신경 계통의 소통성 향상으로 근지구력이 유의하게 향상되었다. 또한 8주간의 훈련 후 관절이나 뼈에 이상이 없어 하지의 점프 능력을 향상시키는 훈련으로 적당하다고 사료된다. Strength-Power Shoes Training(SPST) is popular for the improvement of leg power. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether SPST affected muscle morphological characteristics with the enhancement of leg power. Subjects were 20 college students who majored in the physical education. Their age, height, and body weight were 20.8±0.6 years old, 175.1±3.4 ㎝, and 70.3±3.7 ㎏, respectively. The training protocol was 20∼30 min/ 3days/ 8 weeks with the wearing strength power shoes. Training intensity was progressively increased for training period. Peak-torque and leg endurance at Cybex machine were measured prior to end after training. To determine any changes of muscle characteristics and bones, muscle biopsy and X-ray examination was performed. After training, average peak-torques in flexion and extension contractions were significantly enhanced at 60, 180, and 240 °/s, respectively. Flexion peak-torques at ∠60 and 90 of 240 °/s were significantly improved after 8-week SPST, and all extention peak-torque was significantly changed except right leg on ∠90. Isokinetic leg endurance in flexion was significantly improved, and right leg endurance in extension was only enhanced. At the results of muscle biopsy, the percentage of each muscle fiber was not changed, but the area of type IIb fiber was significantly increased after 8-week SPST. The number of capillary per muscle fiber was significantly increased at type I and type IIb fiber and diffusion area per capillary was significantly reduced at all muscle fibers. After training, abnormal evidence was not found in any X-ray film. Therefore, 8-week SPST resulted in enhancement of leg power. This enhancement was partly caused by the changes of muscle characteristics.

인문 · 사회과학편 : 도시성인(都市成人) 신체구성(身體構成) 성분(成分)에 관한 조사분석(調査分析) 중(中) · 장년(壯年)을 중심(中心)으로

박희명(HiMyungPark),채홍원(HongWoenChae),김제군(JeGunKim),류미용(MiYongRyoo) 한국체육학회 1989 한국체육학회지 Vol.28 No.2

대구 유성스포츠프라자의 회원가운데 단계적운동부하검사를 포함한 여러 의학적 검사와 이학적 진찰에서 건강하다고 생각되는 30 · 40대 남녀 325명을 대상으로, 기본적인 체격측정과 더불어 피부두겹두께법으로 체지방율을 계측하고, 아울러 체지방율, 비체중지수 및 비만도를 기준으로 과다체중의 빈도를 검토하였다.체격측정치 가운데 키와 몸무게는 선행 보고 성적보다 큰 편이었는데 이는 조사대상자들의 경제적 및 생활수준과 관계가 있을 가능성도 있는 것으로 추측되었다. 남자에서 체지방율의 평균은 30대 및 40대가 각각 17.5% 및 19.0%였고, 여자에서는 각각 23.9% 및 26.0%였으며 여자 40대는 30대에 비해 유의하게 많았다. 체지방율의 연령에 따른 차이는 남자는 30대초반부터 40대초반까지는 큰 변화가 없다가, 40대 후반에 가서 30대 초반에 비해 유의하게 증가하였으나, 여자에서는 30대후반부터 유의하게 증가하여 대체로 비슷한 상태로 40대 후반까지 유지되었다. 바른체중은 남자에서는 가령에 따라 약간 감소하는 경향이, 그리고 여자에서는 다소 증가하는 경향이 있었으나 남녀에서 다같이 각 연령군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 따라서 체중과 관련된 비체중지수, 비만도 등의 각 연령군간의 차이는 체지방율의 그것과 유사하였다. 체지방율, 비체중지수, 그리고 비만도를 기준으로 한 과다체중의 빈도는 30 · 40대 남녀 전체에서 약 33-50%나 되었다. 또한 이들 세가시 기준으로 과다체중으로 평가되는 빈도도 성별과 연령군에 따라서는 상당힌 차이가 있었다. 이러한 사실로 보아 과다체중의 기준 자체에도 문제점이 있는 것으로 생각되며 여기에 대해서는 추후의 연구가 절실하다 하겠다. In a total of 325 healthy men and women in their fourth to fifth decade, basic anthropometric measurements and estimation of body fat using skinfold thickness at three sites were made, and the incidence of overweight was studied. On anthropometry, the mean of height and weight was taller and heavier, respectively, than that reported by others, which might be attributable to the high socioeconomic status and living standard of the study subjects. The mean of body fat of the fourth and fifth decades in men was 17.5% and 19.0%, respectively, and that in women was 23.9% and 26.0%, respectively, being significantly higher in women in the fifth decade compared with that in the fourth. The body fat in men remained fairly unchanged until late fourties, when a significant increase compared with that in early thirties was noted. In women, however, a significant increase occurred in late thirties and remained essentially similar until late fourties. The fat free weight showed no significant differences between age groups in both sexes. The age-related changes it parameters reflecting body weight, such as body mass index and obesity index in both sexes were closely related to those in body fat. The incidences of overweight as evaluated by body fat and these indices were unexpectedly high, being as high as approximately 30-50% of the study subjects as a whole. In addition, the incidences by these criteria were also quite dissimilar in certain age groups in both sexes. This suggests that each criterion itself needs further studies.