반원형 강섬유보강 숏크리트의 휨인성 특성에 관한 연구

지영환,정지수,정춘교,이승호,Ji, Young-Hwan,Jeong, Ji-Su,Jeong, Chun-Kyo,Lee, Seung-Ho 한국터널지하공간학회 2011 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.13 No.2

현재 국내터널에 주로 사용되는 공법은 NATM(New Austrian Tunneling Method)으로 원지반의 강도를 유지하고 보강하는 수단으로 록볼트, 숏크리트, 지보재를 이용하여 암반굴착 직후 원지반의 지지능력을 최대로 활용하여 지반을 안정화시킴으로 터널의 안전성을 유지시키는 공법이다. 과거에는 철망(wire mesh)보강 숏크리트가 주로 사용되었으나 시공기술의 발전을 통한 공기향상을 목적으로 현재는 강섬유보강 숏크리트(steel fiber reinfored shotcrete)가 국내 대다수 터널현장에 사용되고 있다. 그러나 터널 현장의 강섬유보강 숏크리트가 시공된 벽면의 강섬유 혼입량을 조사한 결과, 대부분 예상보다 부족한 것으로 측정되어 이에 대한 시방기준의 수립과 강섬유 부족구간의 보강대책의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 강섬유 혼입량 부족 대한 터널의 안정성 확보 및 문제점을 보완하기 위해 새로운 형태에 강섬유보강재를 개발하려고 한다. Currently, the commonly used tunneling method in Korea is NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method). This method uses the rock bolt, shotcrete, and supporting system to maintain the strength of original soil and ensures the stability of tunnel by stabilizing the soil using the original strength of the soil in maximum after the excavation. In past years, wire-mesh reinforced shotcrete was common ones but currently steel-fiber reinforced shotcrete is being widely used for the tunnel construction site in Korea to save construction time with the advanced construction technology. The results further indicate that needs for the establishment of not only the specifications for shotcrete but the strengthening methods for the under reinforced shotcrete sections. Therefore, this study deals with the development of a new steel-fiber to ensure the stability of tunnels that are under reinforced with steel-fibers and to overcome the shortcomings of conventional method.

미국ㆍ한국의 공직 감찰 법제 비교분석

지영환(Ji Young Hwan),이인영(Lee In Young) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2014 法學論文集 Vol.38 No.2

A Study on the corresponding office monitor legislation of the central and local governments of the United States. Corruption of government of recent intensified, now there is a need for anti-corruption policy. Corruption of the government, to interfere with the realization of the rule of law. And, people bring a distrust of government. The corruption of government, adverse effects of destruction of law and order and the weakening of the administrative function is serious. In particular, of government corruption, criminal acts using his position is serious. Crime of civil servants because they have the status of a political nature, the crime rate is high. And, the level of criticism consciousness of the general public for the crime of public officials is high, a scheme that is able to sanction this is necessary. As limited to the ethical issues of individual public officials, civil servants of crime in the past, was the disciplinary and punishment for the civil service. Because, it is not a problem of illegal personal anymore, and approach the problem environment and organization, about the plan as surrounding the individual, crimes committed by public officials, must seek the unauthorized inspection scheme. In order to seek a solution of the unauthorized inspection of public institutions, it is necessary to analyze the legislation and institutions overseas. The United States is installed and operated as Office of Government Ethics and Office of Inspector General based on nspector General Act of 1978 and Ethics in Government Act of 1978 in particular. Watergate scandal and later, corruption legislation in the United States began to regulate the fraud on the private interests of public officials. The United States has to enforce the civil service appointment system. However, in the wake of the assassination of the President due to people disaffected personnel problem in the 1880s of James Abram Garfield, which has been converted to the enactment of the Pendleton Civil Service Act. After that, the legal system for the liquidation of the corruption of public officials is developing steadily, in the wake of the Watergate scandal, Ethics in Government Act of 1978 was enacted in the 1970s. This has made the establishment of a monitoring system for the practice and the civil service code of ethics. However, laws and regulations are well-equipped, but, in order to generate corruption will continue, to eliminate this, the Bush administration has set up a public office ethics station in the late 1980s. Were also analyzed by analyzing the New Jersey Oregon and local government, and whether they are against corruption, such as how as an institution. Based on this, by analyzing the legal system of the central and local governments of the United States, we analyzed the anti-corruption system of public sector of Korea.

람사원특별조사국(藍査院特別調査局)의 역할(役割) 제고(提高)를 위한 암행세사제도운영(暗行細史制度運營) 및 함의(含意)

지영환 ( Young Hwan Ji ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구소 2014 法과 政策 Vol.20 No.2

고요한 아침의 나라 조선(朝蘇)은 1392 년부터 1910 년까지 518 년간 이씨(李j:1C) 가 27대에 걸쳐 집권했던 역사와 전통을 가진 국가다 특히 동아시아 3국은 국제전쟁을 치루면서 중국은 명나라에서 청나라로 왕조가 바뀌었고, 일본은 도쿠가와 막부가 새롭게 탄생하였지만 조선은 임진왜란에도 권력 상층부의 큰 변화 없이 그 맥을 이어 왔다 이는 조선의 위정자들이 실추된 권위를 되찾고 무너진 국가기강을 바로 잡고자 국가재조를 위한 끝임 없는 국정운영으로 가능했다 그러한 노력의 하나로 삼강오륜을 중심으로 한 충효를 강조하는 동시에 지방관에 대한 염찰과 백성들의 민은(民隱)에 대한 파악을 강화하였다 이를 위해 국왕이 선택한 방안은 바로 암행어사 제도의 확대시행이였다. 추생으로 정해진 지역을 암행감찰하면서 지방 관리들의 부정부패 행위를 적발하여 치죄하고 백성들의 민원을 접수하여 해결하며, 최소한의 비용과 인력으로 가장 효과적으로 지방 관리들을 통제하고 국왕의 통치이념을 전파하기 용이한 효율적인 측면이 있었다 이는 현대 공무원 범죄 통제에 있어서도 시사점이 크다 공무원 범죄를 통제하기 위한 방법들이 끊임없이 대두되고 있으나,그 성과는 크지 않았다 그러한 이유는 공무원 범죄에 대한 통제 장치의 불완전성에서 찾을 수 있다 따라서 이 논문 제1차는 감사원 특별조사국의 권한과 효율성 강화를 주장한다 감사원 특별조사국은 공무원 범죄를 통제하기 위한 실질적 조사권을 가지고 공직범죄 혹은 부정부패 통제 가능한 방안을 제시한다 아울러 국왕의 특명을 받은 암행어사가 파견되었다는 소문만으로도 지방 관리들의 부정부패의 폐단이 없어졌듯이 감사원도 어디에도 소속되지 않은 친정한 헌법기관으로 권력의 압력으로부터 자유로울 수 있는 단초가 마련된다면 공직 범죄가 급격히 줄어들 것이다,제2차적으로 공무원범죄수사원 설치를 제안한다. The Joseon Dynasty was a country with a long history and tradition Through the Japanese Invasion of Korea in1592 in particular. Dynasty to the Qing ehanges from Ming China,the Tokugawa shogunate was born newly Japan,but without signifieant ehange of power upper eehelon,Korea eontinued its f]ow. Efforts have been made to politieians of the Joseon Dynasty has set up the authority of the 잉ng,strengthen diseipline in the country. At the same time to emphasize the three bonds and five relationships in Confueianism,Korea has strengthened the understanding of the people eomplaint and inspeetion of loeal government. Proposal Thus. King is seleeted,and an enlarged embodiment of seeret royal inspeetor. Seeret royal inspector played a role that monitors an area whieh is deteπnined on behalf of the king,to punish by caught the eorruption of local officials. seeret royal inspeetor and resolve complaints of the people, and began to spread the governanee philosophy of the king. Seeret royaI inspeetor was an easy system for eontrolling the management of fat most effeetively in hurnan resourees and minimal cost. to spread the governanee philosophy of the king. Polieymakers who the Joseon Dynasty,had sought to prevent the corruption of the administrator from the founding of the time in this way. It was a one of the 않eret that could have sueh a system‘ and to maintain 500 years of the Joseon Dynasty. This is the point to suggest to the control of public officials a crime of modern large Method for controlling the crime of public officials are constantly on the rise,but the outcome was not large. Such reason,can be found in the imperfeetions of the control device for the public 0삐cials a crime. So. there is a need to further strengthen the special perrnission of the Research Bureau of the BAI. Special Research Department of BAI is a measure to control the crime of public officials,it is a strategy for the removal of government corruption. The Joseon Dynasty,Secret royal inspeetor is dispatehed. were there is no adverse effeet of corruption of local officials Therefore,in order to further enhance the authority of the Special Investigation Bureau of BAI,the crime of civil servants will be reduced.

공법분야 투고논문 : 인터넷 선거활동제한(選擧活動制限)과 표현(表現)의 자유(自由)에 대한 고찰(考察)

지영환 ( Young Hwan Ji ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 2013 법학논총 Vol.30 No.4

By issued a limited unconstitutional ruling to determine the constitutional court would violate public official election act article 93 paragraph 1 Internet campaign of central election commission, the internet campaign, in order of election activities there were many changes. It is not possible to see the full internet campaign is to be guaranteed that makes sense on judgment of the constitutional court, of “unconstitutional limit” is seen Internet freedom campaign will become the guarantee. Sometimes through the campaign, complain of support to tell their own information to voters candidate of election, it is possible to make the right decision on election time, voters, election activities of candidates for election for the appropriate election freedom of expression associated with is to be guaranteed. Anyone there is awareness social, because you have a feature that affects a lot of people who have been described with reference to a campaign that you created in the micro-blog is associated with the user to use the twitter and facebook, “the Internet analysis of freedom of expression” and election activities is required. Candidates election campaign through the internet, presents a commitment to the public, voters are as it may be when performing the election, and make the right decision. However, there is a limit to the guarantee of freedom of the internet campaign, for a fair election activities, illegal campaign activities but should be strictly limited. So, the direction of the internet campaign, the will of the people, only the act of the fairness of the campaign has been secured but may be reflection of the exact intention without distortion, election activities, guarantee unlimited range and method as opposed to being, within certain limits, political representa- tion of the people, will be limited. Guarantee of freedom of election activity is placed in a conflict related to the restriction of freedom of expression political will of the people for the fairness of the election. By setting the limits of the restriction of political representation in order to ensure the fairness and security of the freedom of elections is important. The Internet, the structure of the new communication occurs in particular, aspects of the campaign are also changing. It is that it is necessary to discuss whether it can to ensure the "fairness and freedom of election activities”the campaign act of recipes. Currently, measures can be regulated election of Internet activity is not clear. The Internet campaign, fairness of information transfer is required fairness of the election activities so as to ensure as mediators of intention transmission. Therefore, if it is assumed that the recipient of a doctor making and representation the user to replace the direct intention on the internet, election commission, the contents of the internet campaign to the provisions of the “campaign through face-to-face contact” the attempt to provide regulation, if such as “campaign and through intention transfer”, it is desired to regulate the provision of a “campaign through the media.” The campaign through face-to-face contact with the public official election act on, have become more restrictive when it would be equally applicable to the Internet campaign this provision, likely to be excessively restricted the freedom of expression it is possible to have a question that is raised to a limited effectiveness as well as fairness of regulation. Sometimes the problem would be to apply a restriction that is not a good way to apply equally to the Internet campaign regulations campaign general be raised, strong resistance effectiveness and validity of the regulatory raised this is because there could be. Therefore, in view of the internet campaign characteristics, it is necessary to provide a reference for regulatory new and appropriate. And, in as constitutional guidelines for the discipline of the internet campaign, and to guarantee the freedom of the election campaign, the fairness of the election campaign must be able to secure together. So, mass media and traditional face-to-face contact, internet campaigning, that in consideration of the difference between the peculiarities of each, the basic rights of the media and voters and candidates for election to realize as much as possible to each other appropriate regulation is required in contact that can be.

환경침해와 환경법익의 문제

지영환 ( Ji Young-hwan ) 한국외국어대학교 법학연구소 2010 외법논집 Vol.34 No.1

Recent time, high growth of today's material civilization, it produce many kinds of environmental problems. There are conflicting opinions in legal interests of environmental criminal law. First opinion considers human life and health as legal inyerests of environmental criminal law. Second opinion considers natural environments as legal inyerests of environmental criminal law. Third opinion considers natural environments and human life and healthas legal inyerests of environmental criminal law. Fourth opinion considers management of administration legal inyerests of environmental criminal law. I thinks the Second opinion should be authorized in modern society.

사면안정 공법 의사결정을 위한 사면 데이터베이스 시스템 구축

박지해(Ji-Hae Park),이규웅(Kyu-Woong Lee),차영환(Yeong-Hwan Tscha),지영환(Young-Hwan Ji),김기환(Ki-Hwan Kim),황영철(Yeong-Cheol Hwang),이승호(Seung-Ho Lee) 한국지반환경공학회 2008 한국지반환경공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

밀폐형 ATAD system을 이용한 하수슬러지/음식물쓰레기 통합처리 공정 설계

권혁영,지영환,송한조,김성중,Kwon, Hyeok-Young,Ji, Young-Hwan,Song, Han-Jo,Kim, Seong-Jung 유기성자원학회 2000 유기물자원화 Vol.8 No.4

본 연구에서는 도시고함수율 유기성폐기물(MWWT)의 처리를 위하여, 음식물 쓰레기의 처리에 사용되었던 컨테이너 호기성 퇴비화 시스템과, 계분 및 축분처리에 사용되었던 직립 상향 기계식 교반기를 조합하여 개발하였다. 호기성 처리 공정은 운전이 쉽다는 점과 운전비용이 저렴하다는 점, 자연에서 이용하기 가장 편리한 안정된 부산물을 만들 수 있다는 장점에도 불구하고, 염분의 농축, 과도한 부형제의 사용에 의한 경제적 부담의 증가 및 설비의 대형화 등의 장애물을 가지고 있다. 개발된 공정은 이러한 문제점을 보완하고자 하수슬러지는 초기의 수분조절 및 고속발효를 위해 직립 밀폐형 반응조에서 5일간, 음식물쓰레기는 탈염과 수분조절을 위해 밀폐형 무교반 필터에서, 침출수는 폐수처리 장치에서 처리하였다. 실험결과 국내 퇴비에 품질규격을 만족하면서 부자재의 사용량을 3% 이내로 조절할 수 있어 기존공정의 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. In this study, biological treatment process of MWWT(Municipal wet-waste Treatment) has been developed through a moduling of the containerized closed ATAD(Auto thermal aerobic digestion) system & closed vertical dynamic acerator, which were used for food waste and cattle manure, respectively. Though biological process has several advantages such as low concentrations of heavy metals and salts, proper and stable C/N ratio and constant reaction rate against the process treating two wastes separately, it has a obstacles of salt concentration and much usage of bulking agent such as wood chip. After rapid oxidation in the boxed tower reactor for 5 days, the content of sewage sludge would be reduced 65% on around, might be mixed with the food waste that had been treated in the static closed reactor during 6 days and put in the secondary static reactor for curing. During composting process, the odor contained in the gas generated from the reactor was removed by passing it through a biofilter as well as the leachate was treated in the wastewater treatment facility. Consequently, it seemed to be possible to compost sewage sludge at mild and stable operating condition and at low cost through the biological ATAD process resulting in the production of organic compost satisfying the specifications regulated by itself.

토피고 변화에 따른 Liner Plate 거동특성에 관한 연구

정지수,지영환,조현,허인영,이승호,Jeong, Ji-Su,Ji, Young-Hwan,Cho, Hyun,Hur, In-Young,Lee, Seung-Ho 한국터널지하공간학회 2012 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구에서는 도심지 소구경 터널굴착공법에서 파형강판으로 제작된 liner plate의 거동특성에 대해 알아보기 위해 유한요소 해석 프로그램인 MIDAS/GTS를 이용하여 수치해석을 실시하였다. 토피고 변화에 따라 liner plate의 거동특성을 알아보기 위해 토피고는 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, 25 m 5가지 각 조건으로 해석을 실시하였다. 수치해석결과 liner plate의 최대변위와 최대축응력은 부재의 하단부에서 발생되며, 최대전단응력의 경우 부재의 천단부에서 발생되는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 토피고에 따른 liner plate의 변위, 응력, 전단응력의 변화는 있었으나 그 차이가 미미하고 토피고가 증가함에 따라 점점 구조적 안정성이 확보되는 것으로 판단된다. In this study, the numerical analysis has been conducted in order to check behavior characteristics of liner plate made of corrugated steel from urban small sized tunnel excavation. The analysis was conducted with five kinds of conditions like 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m and 25 m to examine the behavior characteristics of liner plate according to the depth of cover. Analysis results showed that the maximum axial stress and the maximum displacement occurs in the lower end of the member, and the maximum shear stress occurs in the upper part of the member. Also, change of displacement, stress shearing stress of liner plate based on various depth of cover are existed, but the difference is slight, and by increasing depth of cover, structural stability is gradually ensured.

일반논문 : 경찰의 직무스트레스 해소 프로그램 적용을 위한 외근 경찰관의 외상후 스트레스 장애(PTSD) 증상 분석

이옥정 ( Ok Jeong Lee ),지영환 ( Young Hwan Ji ) 한국경찰학회 2010 한국경찰학회보 Vol.12 No.4

본 연구는 외근 경찰관의 업무 특성상 경험하게 되는 외상후 스트레스 장애(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: PTSD) 실태를 파악하고, 경찰관의 외상후 스트레스 장애에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 주목하여, 외상성 사건 경험의 영향과 사회적 지지, 대처양식의 매개·조절효과를 검증하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 설문조사를 통해 수집한 280명의 자료를 분석한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 외근 경찰관의 외상후 스트레스 장애 실태를 살펴보면, 64명(22.9%)이 PTSD 진단 집단에 속하며, 48명(17.1%)이 부분 PTSD에 분류되므로, 전체 조사대상자 중 112명(40%)이 부분 PTSD 이상의 증상을 보인다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 경찰관들의 외상후 스트레스 수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경찰관의 경험한 외상성 사건 개수와 외상성 사건 충격이 외상후 스트레스 장애 증상에 정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 경찰관의 역기능적 대처양식이 외상성 사건 경험이 외상후 스트레스 장애 증상에 미치는 영향을 통계적으로 유의미하게 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 경찰 업무 특성상 피할 수 없는 외상성 사건 경험으로 인해 역기능적 대처양식이 증가하고, 결국 경찰관의 PTSD가 악화된다는 것을 알 수 있다. 넷째, 외상성 사건 개수와 동료지지의 상호작용항이 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타나서 동료지지의 조절효과가 검증되었다. 경찰관들에게 경험한 외상성 사건 개수가 증가할 때 동료지지는 외상후 스트레스 증상을 증폭시키는 역완충효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로, 경찰관의 외상후 스트레스 장애 예방을 위해 효과적인 대처양식의 습득과 긍정적인 사회적 지지의 강화를 위한 프로그램 및 조직적이고 체계화된 경찰관의 외상성 스트레스 관리 프로그램의 필요성을 제기하였다. The purpose of this study is to find out the current situation of Korean field police officers` Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) and to focus on the factors affecting police officers` PTSD symptoms, especially tried to verify the effect of traumatic events experience and the mediating·moderating effects of coping strategy and social support. The surveys were conducted on 280 field police officers, and the following is a summary of the research findings. First, 64 police officers(22.9%) are in PTSD diagnosis group, and 48 officers(17.1%) are in partial PTSD diagnosis group. So 112 officers(40%) among 280, show symptoms more than partial PTSD. Therefore in this study, police officers show quite high post traumatic stress level. Second, the number and shock of experienced traumatic events have positive effect on the symptoms of PTSD. Third, police officers` maladaptive coping strategy has positive effect on the symptoms of PTSD, and has mediating effect on the relationship between traumatic events experience and PTSD symptoms. This means that inevitable experiences of traumatic events due to the job nature, increase maladaptive coping strategies, and finally worsen police officers` PTSD symptoms. Fourth, in the relationship between traumatic events experience and PTSD symptoms, the interaction term of traumatic events number and peer support is statistically significant. So the moderating effect of peer support is verified. When the number of experienced traumatic events increases, peer support has reverse-buffering effect on PTSD symptoms. In this regard, to prevent police officers` PTSD, there should be programs teaching police officers effective coping strategies and enhancing positive social support, and also structured traumatic stress management program for police officers.

영상녹화물의 증거능력

안성조 ( Ahn Seong-jo ),지영환 ( Ji Young-hwan ) 한국외국어대학교 법학연구소 2008 외법논집 Vol.30 No.-

Video-Recording means the video-recording of defendant's statements by the Investigating Agency, whereas the Video-tape is the video-recording not by the Investigating Agency in the new code of criminal procedure. Video-Recording System was introduced to New Code for the purpose of transparency at the investigating process. In relation to Video-Recording System, Disputes do break about the admissibility of Video-Recording by prosecutors or polices in the Korean New Code of Criminal Procedure. The Negative View argues that the admissibility of video-recording should be denied, because firstly, the New Code does not permit the interpretation that the video-recording is admissible at the court, and secondly the video-recording too vivid for judge or jury to fairly decide the case and the time of trial could be delayed. But the Positive View which is also our view refutes the Negative View. Firstly, the New Code can be interpreted to authorize the admissibility of video-recording. Secondly, the vividness of video-recording is not the defect but the merit for the fair decision of judge and the danger of retardation of trial can be overcome because the video-recording tape could be displayed selectively or partly at the court.