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초파리의 보행행동에 관한 인위도태와 자연도태에 의한 유전적 효과
주종길,이현화 한국통합생물학회 1983 동물학회지 Vol.26 No.2
Drosophila melanogaster의 Oregon-R 계통과 lethal free 집단을 대상으로 connected test tube apparatus를 사용하여 보행행동에 관한 rapid와 slow 행동을 방향성도태의 방법으로 15세대 동안에 걸쳐 도태하였다. 한편 10세대째부터 natural selection을 행하여 유전적 효과를 분석하였다. 1. 보행행동의 rapid와 slow 성질은 초기세대에서부터 뚜렷한 도태효과를 나타내어 제 7세대 이후에 각각 selection plateau에 달하였다. 2. 방향성 도태를 10세대 동안 실시한 후 realized heritability를 계산한 결과 rapid 성질은 $9\\sim14%$, slow 성질은 $11\\sim16%$로서 rapid행동보다 slow 행동의 유전율이 다소 높게 나타났다. 3. Rapid 성질을 지배하는 유전자와 slow 성질을 지배하는 유전자의 우열관계를 밝히기 위한 hybridization 실험결과 slow 유전자가 rapid 유전자에 대하여 partial dominance의 효과가 있었다. 4. 10세대 동안에 걸쳐 방향성 도태를 실시한 후 natural selection을 5세대 동안 실시한 결과 rapid 성질은 단 5세대만에 neutral의 상태 (6.5)로 복원되었으나 slow 성질은 모집단의 보행지수와 비교하여 전혀 변화가 없었다. 실험결과로 미루어 rapid와 slow 형질은 polygenic system에 의하여 control 되는 양적 형질임을 알았다. 한편 rapid 유전자는 natural selection에 의한 homeostasis의 효과가 있으나 slow 행동은 소수의 major gene에 의하여 지배되는 것을 알았다. Selections for rapid and slow walking behavior were carried out with the populations, drived from Oregon-R and lethal free strain of Drosophila melanogaster. The behavior was measured by means of connected test-tube apparatus. The populations responded effectively to the artificial selection, and it reached the selection plateau after 7 generations. The realized heritability for the first 10 generations was estimated to be about $9\\sim14%$ for the rapid walking behavior, and those for slow walking behavior was about $11\\sim16%$. The results of hybridization analysis between selected populations at generations 8 and 10 indicated that some polygenes showing a slow walking behavior were partially dominant over polygenes controlled rapid trait. The populations selected for rapid and slow walking behavior were relaxed after 10 generations of selection. The response to natural selection of rapid population was completely returned to their neutral states after only 5 generations. Such phenomena would be explained by the genetic homeostasis resulted from an action of natural selection. However, the slow population did not make any difference from walking scores of their original artificial selection. It seems reasonable to assume that the slow walking behavior was possibly controlled by a major gene.
주종길,이규섭 대한폐경학회 2014 대한폐경학회지 Vol.20 No.3
Obesity is an important risk factor for metabolic disease and various cancers. Treatments of obesity include lifestyle intervention,pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. If weight loss with lifestyle intervention is only modest, pharmacotherapy mightbe needed. Pharmacotherapy agents can be grouped by treatment period as short term or long term use agent. Severalsympathomimetic drugs such as benzphetamine, diethylpropion, phendimetrazine and phentermine, are approved for short termtreatment due to their safety issues. For long term treatment, orlistat, lorcaserin, and combination of phentermine/topiramateare approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Orlistat partially blocks intestinal digestion of fat, therefore producingweight loss. Lorcaserin is a serotonin 2C receptor agonist. The combination of phentermine/topiramate produces a mean weightloss of 8-10 kg. Side effects of each drug are quite different. For obesity patient, side effects are important factor when choosingdrugs. The goal of this article is to review currently available anti-obesity drugs. (J Menopausal Med 2014;20:90-96)