英·正祖代 國家儀禮 再整備와 宮闕建築

조재모 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.12

This study is on the architectural meaning of amendment of royal rituals under the reign of King Youngjo and Jungjo. The 18th century of Joseon dynasty was the transitional period, so they had to sustain the Confucian norm and also to accept the changes toward new period. Though the strict discipline of Confucian rule represented by "Gukjo-Oreyi(國朝五禮儀)" had been made matched with architectural space of Gyeongbokgung(景福宮) palace of the early period of dynasty, there had got more and more disorder and conflicted with actual condition of space. King Youngjo and Jungjo wished to recover and revise them with publishing "Gukjo-Sok-Oreyi(國朝續五禮儀)", "Chunguan-Tong'go(春官通考)" and so on.Goyi(考異), the appendix of "Sok-Oreyi" is the guide for spatial replacement. But it could not solve the spatial differences between palaces actually because of several mistakes. On the other side, "Jung'a-Johoijido(正衙朝會之圖)" and "Chunguan-Tong'go" were more effective for performing rituals with practical understanding of architectural space. Especially, the stone marks' setting for official rank in the yard of Injeong-jeon(仁政殿) pavilion was suitable proposal according to the changes of space and conceptual cognition about official ranks. Finally, the ritual amending process of these Kings were in the same stream of transition, but also they were on the separated level of spatial understanding.

좌식공간관습의 건축사적 함의 - 신발의 문제를 중심으로 -

조재모,Cho, Jae-Mo 한국건축역사학회 2012 건축역사연구 Vol.21 No.1

The starting point of this study is the concerning of simple behavioral pattern that whoever enters the inner space with taking off his shoes should go out from the position where he laid his shoes. The using of Ondol (floor heating room) and Maru (lifted wood floor) had changed the architectural space from chair-sitting to floor-sitting space, and it also made the behavior of taking off the shoes at the entrance of building and stepping on the lifted floor. This simple behavior has possibility to make lots of changes to the culture of architectural design. With this noticeable point, this paper is talking about the cultural feature of Korean traditional architecture, especially about the influence of tanking off and putting on shoes. The matter of shoes has changed diverse aspects of building and layout planning. It maximized the difference between front and rear part of building and characterized the lateral extension of Korean traditional house. The ritual space also had evolved from chair-sitting to floor-sitting space according to the type of ritual behavioral pattern. The change on the single building level had influenced on the layout planning of architectural complex. For examples, the parallel layout of ChangDeok-gung palace and the long sequential process to the main pavilion of Buddhist temple are the result of the matter of shoes. And NuGak(樓閣), the double-storied pavilion, on the axis of entering sequence's node is one of the unique planning elements that makes possible to go through the building without taking off the shoes and also makes upper level space for staying. In short, Korean traditional architecture that has the chair-sitting spatial origin of the East Asian cultural sphere has pursued new architectural issues and planning methods according to evolution to the floor-sitting culture.

영·정조시대의 왕실사묘 건립과 영향 ( The Establishments of Royal Shrines and their Influences under the Reign of King Youngjo and Jungjo

조재모,심우갑 대한건축학회 2002 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.18 No.7

조선시대 서원의 누각 도입과 정침 구현

조재모 한국서원학회 2022 한국서원학보 Vol.15 No.-

This paper is on the Korean locality of seowon architecture of Josen dynasty. Although Seowon of Joseon dynasty has its origin at Chinese shuyuan 書院 of Tang-Song 唐宋 period based on xuegung 學宮 of the conceptual model of school architecture, those of each region has its own locality influenced by architectural technology and custom. It is the common feature of almost all building types such as palace, shrine and so on. In case of Seowon, we can focus on installation of lifted pavilion 樓閣 and reinterpretation of zhengqin 正 寢 with normally using wooden floor and ondol, the Korean traditional floor heating methodology. The lifted pavilion used in seowon is outstanding feature showing the idea of Joseon seowon for harmony with surrounding nature and landscape. That is developed from the origin of lifted type myeongryundang 明倫堂, the lecture hall of Hyanggyo 鄕校 of national school of the dynasty located at local cities. Mubyeonlu 無邊樓 of Oksan seowon 玉山書院 that has each ondol room on both side of 3-bay central main hall of pavilion is similar to myeongryundang model. It is a kind of general building type used at palatial chambers and national gest house of gaeksa 客舍 sharing the origin of ancient Chinese zhengqin. But most of pavilion of seowon during Joseon dynasty didn’t use this type of pavilion of two rooms because lecture hall of seowon from same origin has rooms and floor heating on lifted level was difficult to make technically. So the open type pavilion without rooms, wall and any windows was adopted as the prototype of seowon pavilion. Also reinterpretation of zhengqin to Joseon society might be focused on. Although the seowon layout model had been settled to locality of seowon architecture, they needed the ultimate principle of xuegung for perfectly decent ritual ceremony. Don’am seowon Eungdodang 遯岩書院 凝道堂 is the outstanding example showing this concept. For installation of conceptual model of zhengqin to real architecture, they had to use the local technology and Eungdodang was built as Joseon’s local type zhengqin architecture.

고종조 경복궁 중건에 관한 연구

조재모,전봉희 대한건축학회 2000 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.16 No.4

베트남 하노이 고도심 종교시설의 구성과 변모

조재모 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.8

This study is on the worship places in ancient quarter of Hanoi from the viewpoint of urban history. The religious buildings such as dinh(the communal house) were the most important element composing the community of traditional villages. Traditional dinh is composed of tam quan, antechamber and alter. In the urban space of high density, dinh is usually condensed within the limits of maintaining 3-part composition. Combining tam quan and antechamber, multi-storied composition and compression in the unified '-' shaped chamber are frequently observed methods. Modernization and urbanization have accelerated the fluctuation of these religious facilities that represent traditional life style. Now we can see the aspects of fluctuations such as functional replacement, infiltration of commercial or residential functions and vanishment of both function and form according to the changes of the characteristics of each street where it is located.

조선시대 궁궐의 편전 건축형식

조재모 한국건축역사학회 2003 건축역사연구 Vol.12 No.4

『景福宮營建日記』의 건축기록과 경복궁 중건공역

조재모 서울역사편찬원 2019 서울과 역사 Vol.- No.103

창경궁 빈양문 일곽의 구성과 의례동선

조재모 대한건축학회 2022 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.38 No.3

This study focuses on the architectural features and layout of Changgyeonggung Palace, which was built in 1483 on the eastern part of the old capital city Hanyang. Particularly, this study focuses on the Binyangmun Gate located between the official area and the inner court. Binyangmun was regarded as hapmun and divided into two areas. The eastern small yard of the gate was appointed as the official area and the western yard was the center of the inner court designated as the chambers for the royal family. For ritual purposes, movement from the inner court toward the official or outer areas of the palace was clearly stated to be via this gate. Among official pavilions of Myeongjeongjeon, Munjeongjeon and Sungmundang movement was regulated to only use the eastern small yard of the gate. These movements were once covered with a roof corridor that has mostly disappeared in other palaces such as Gyeongbokgung and Changdeokgung. Binyangmun was part of the early Joseon Palace, which helps to understand not only Changgyeonggung Palace, but also the wider palatial culture of that dynasty and the old way of spatial use in Joseon Palace. 본고는 조선의 여러 궁궐 중에서 독특한 건축적 성격을 갖고 있는 창경궁의 배치와 건축구성을 살펴본 것이다. 특히 명정전 후면부에 위치한 빈양문에 주목하여 이 문과 그 주변이 창경궁의 이용에 있어서 어떤 역할을 하는지를 분석하였다. 빈양문은 창경궁의 내외를 구분하는 가장 중요한 경계요소로서 공식적인 합문으로 인식되고 활용되었다. 빈양문의 동쪽은 명정전, 문정전, 숭문당의 뒤편과 종횡으로 연결되는 동선의 결절점이었고 서쪽은 함인정 앞의 마당을 통해 환경전, 경춘전 등 내전의 중심 영역으로 연결되어 있다. 의례의 동선으로 보아도 궁궐 안쪽의 내전에서 외전 혹은 궁 밖으로 이동하는 경로는 빈양문을 경유하여 명정전 등 전각을 관통하는 방식으로 구성되었다. 명정전, 문정전, 숭문당 사이의 연결은 빈양문 동편의 작은 마당을 통하였음이 문헌으로 확인되었으며 이는 궁궐의 내외 개념을 뚜렷하게 지키면서도 효율적이고 합리적인 동선을 만들어내는 구성방식으로 이해된다. 또한 『동궐도』, 『동궐도형』 등 도판사료에서 확인되는 빈양문 주변 복도각은 외전 전각들 사이 및 궁 밖으로의 주요 동선과 일치하는 것이다. 경복궁, 창덕궁에도 존재하고 있었으나 점차로 사라졌던 복도각의 기능과 존재방식은 창경궁에서 뚜렷하게 확인된다. 이와 같이, 빈양문은 창경궁의 배치를 이해하게 하는 핵심적인 요소이며 조선 궁궐의 내외 개념을 심도 있게 살펴볼 수 있는 구성 방식일 뿐만 아니라, 여타의 궁궐에 남아 있지 않은 오래된 건축적 원형을 확인할 수 있는 중요한 사례이다.

[Issue 2. 한옥 – 주거와 건축] 한옥: 집을 대하는 우리들의 태도

조재모 한국주거학회 2023 住居 Vol.18 No.-