Reliability and Validity of an Ultrasonic Device for Measuring Height in Adults

조선화,Young Gyu Cho,Hyun Ah Park,봉아라 대한가정의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.42 No.5

Background: The ultrasonic stadiometer was originally developed as a device to measure and monitor children’s height. However, an ultrasonic stadiometer (InLab S50; InBody Co., Seoul, Korea) was used to measure adults’ height in the 2018 Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS). This study was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the InLab S50 in adults. Methods: The study subjects were 120 adults (reliability test, n=20; validity test, n=100) who had visited a health screening center. The intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of InLab S50 were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The agreement between InLab S50 and an automatic stadiometer (HM-201; Fanics, Busan, Korea) was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: The intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of the InLab S50 were excellent (ICC=0.9999 and 0.9998, respectively). The correlation coefficient of the height measured by the two measurement devices was very high (r=0.996). The difference (Δheight [HM-201-InLab S50]) was -0.15±0.78 cm (95% limit of agreement [LOA], -1.69 to 1.38). After excluding the values outside 95% LOA, the difference was further reduced to -0.05±0.59 cm (95% LOA, -1.20 to 1.10). Conclusion: This study showed that the InLab S50 is a reliable and valid device for the measurement of adults’ height. Therefore, we think that InLab S50 could be used to measure adults’ height in household health surveys such as the KCHS.

월경통(月經痛) 및 냉대하(冷帶下)에 활용(活用)된 외치법(外治法)에 대(對)한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察)

조선화,정진홍,Cho, Sun-Hwa,Jeong, Jin-Hong 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2000 혜화의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

According to the literatual study on the external medical trearment of Menorrhalgia and Leucorrhea for gynecologic condition, the results were as follows. 1. Using external medical treatment for Menorrhalgia is to insert vagina theraphy, fumigation theraphy, to wash vagina theraphy, to insert anus theraphy, to apply hot pack theraphy and use with suppository such as BANSUKHWAN(礬石丸), SASANGZASAN(蛇床子散), KUMBONGHYUNGJU(金鳳衡珠) 2. Using external medical treatment for Leucorrhea is washing and fumigation on vagina, to wash vagina, to insert vagina, cleansing theraphy and use with Suppository such as YONGYEOMGO(龍鹽膏), KAMISASANGJASAN(加味蛇床子散), SASANGSACHUNGSEJE(蛇床子洗劑). 3. ANGELICAE GIGANTIS RADIX (當歸) is in mostly general use for external medical treatment of Menorrhalgia and Leucorrhea, in that order ANSU SEMEN(杏仁), EVODIAE FRUCTUS(吳茱萸), TORILIS FRUCTUS (蛇床子), CORYDALIS TUBER(玄胡索), CINIAMOMI CORTEX(肉桂), CARYOPHYLLI FLOS(丁香), ALUMEN(枯白礬), AQUILARIAE LIGNUM (沈香). 4. The efficacy of medicines to use external medical treatment is as follow to help circulation of blood, to warm spleen and stomach, to warm blood, to warm uterus and remove cold, to remove heat and dry moisture, to down heat-product, to contract bloodvessel, to counteract poison and destory virus, to make energy and blood. 5. KUMBONGHYUNGJU, made same size as cherry and shape vagina medicine, use for Menorrhalgia, menstural irregularity, Leucorrhea, it has the efficacy as follow to remove cold and dry moisture, to warm uterus, to help circulation and romove pain, to down moisture-heat.

아동이 지각하는 아버지상과 의사소통과의 관계

조선화 ( Seon Hwa Cho ) 한국놀이치료학회 2011 한국놀이치료학회지(놀이치료연구) Vol.14 No.1

본 연구에서는 아동과 아버지와의 의사소통 특성을 살펴보고자 하였으며, 특히 아동이 지각하는 아버지상에 따라 아버지와의 의사소통은 어떤 특성이 있는지를 세분화하여 밝히고자 하였다. 연구대상으로는 서울, 경기, 그리고 충남에 재학 중인 3,5,6 학년 900명이 포함되었다. 측정도구로는 조선화(2010a)의 아동이 지각하는 아버지 상(像)척도와 남현주(1996)가 재구성한 아동의 의사소통 척도를 사용하였으며, 통계방법으로는 Cronbach α, t test, 상관분석, 그리고 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 여자아동들은 남자아동에 비해 아버지를 지원자나 친구같은 이미지로 더 높게 지각하고 있는 반면에, 아버지와의 부정적인 의사소통은 여자아동에 비해 남자아동이 더 높게 지각하고 있었다. 전체 아동의 아버지 상이 의사소통에 미치는 영향에 대한 결과에서는 아버지상 하위변인으로서 존경스러운 아버지 상이 긍정적, 부정적 의사소통 둘 다에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 남자아동의 아버지상과 의사소통관계에서 긍정적 의사소통은 존경스러운 아버지, 친구같은 아버지 순으로 영향을 미치고, 부정적 의사소통은 존경스러운 아버지, 삶에 지친 아버지순으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여자아동의 아버지상과 의사소통관계에서 긍정적 의사소통은 존경스러운 아버지, 학교생활을 도와주시는 아버지순으로 영향을 미치고, 부정적 의사소통은 존경스러운 아버지, 삶에 지친 아버지순으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the communication characteristics between children and their fathers. Especially, the differences in the characteristics were analyzed depending on the children`s image about their father. The analysis was performed for 900 primary school students in Chungchongnam-do according to the instruments by Seon Hwa Cho(2010a)`s father image measure and Nam Hyun Joo(1996)`s children`s communication measure. Analyses of Cronbach α, t test, Correlation and Multiple Regression were adopted as the statistical methods. This study indicates that girls perceive their father as supporters and friends more than boys while boys had more negative perception for the communication between children and father. The analysis shows a ``respectful father`` is the most affecting sub-variable in both positive and negative communications. For the male children`s relationship between father image and communication, the order of sub-variables affecting the positive communication was ``respectful father’ before ``friend-like father``. And the order of sub-variables affecting the negative communication was ``respectful father`` and ``father tired for living``. For the female children, the order of sub-variables affecting the positive communication was a ``respectful father`` before ``father supporting children`s school life``. And the order of sub-variables affecting the negative communication was ``respectful father`` before ``father tired for living``.

아동이 지각하는 아버지 상(像)에 대한 연구

조선화 ( Seon Hwa Cho ) 한국놀이치료학회 2010 한국놀이치료학회지(놀이치료연구) Vol.13 No.2

본 연구에서는 서울, 경기, 그리고 충남 지역의 아동 900명을 대상으로 하여 아동이 지각하는 하위 ‘아버지 상(像)’과 복합적인 아버지 이미지 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 측정도구로는 조선화(2010)의 아동 이 지각하는 아버지 상(像) 척도를 사용하였으며, 통계방법으로는 Cronbach α, 기술통계량, 군집분석, t-test, 일원변량분석, X2 검증을 실시하였다. 아동들이 강하게 지각하고 있는 하위 아버지 상(像)은 능력 있는 아버지, 삶에 지친 아버지, 친구 같은 아버지였다. 복합적인 이미지로는 매우 부정적인 아버지상, 매우 긍정적인 아버지상, 그리고 다소 긍정적이거나 부정적인 아버지상과 일에 지쳐 가정에 소홀한 아버지의 이미지로 분류되었다. 아버지 상에 대한 단일이미지로는 남자아동에 비해 여자 아동들이 아버지를 더 지원자로 이미지화하고 있거나, 친구 같은 아버지를 더 강하게 형성하고 있었다. 아버지에 대한 복합적인 이미지는 성별과 관계가 없음이 나타났다. 학년이 증가할수록 아동들은 아버지를 더 존경스럽게 지각하고, 가정적이라고 지각하며, 학교생활을 더 많이 도와주고, 활동적인 아버지라고 지각하고 있었다. 복합적인 이미지에서도 6학년 아동들이 3학년과 5학년 아동들에 비해 아버지에 대해 긍정적인 이미지를 형성하고 있었으며, 부정적인 이미지는 5학년이 가장 강하게 지각하고 있었다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the children`s image and complex characteristics about their father. The analysis was performed for 900 children in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Chungchongnam-do by using the instrument developed from previous research(Seon Hwa Cho, 2010). Cronbach α, Descriptive statistical data, Cluster Analysis, t-test, Oneway-Anova, X2 test were adopted as the statistical analysis methods. The children`s image about their father were `capable father`, `tired father for living` and `father as a friend`. And the complex image were classified as `very highly positive father`, `somewhat positive or negative father` and `tired father who didn`t care home`. Female children conceives father more than male children as helpful and friendly. And father`s complex image has no relationship with sexuality. Children conceives father more respective, careful at home, helpful for their campus life and active as increasing grade. For the complex image, grade 6 children had more positive image than grade 3 and grade 5 children. And grade 5 children had the most negative image for their father.

청소년의 정서지능과 자아탄력성이 학업적 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

조선화 ( Cho Seon-hwa ) 대한아동복지학회 2016 아동복지연구 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of emotional intelligence and ego resilience on academic self-efficacy. We collected data from 700 first- and second-year high school students in Chungnam Province. Our measuring tools were academic self-efficacy, ego-resilience, and emotional intelligence. These were analyzed by moment correlation coefficient, simultaneous multiple regression analysis, and stepwise regression analysis. The results were as follows: First, the explanatory power of emotional intelligence affected the academic self-efficacy of adolescents, thought promotion showed the highest in the case of self-regulating efficacy and preference of task difficulty, while emotional adjustment showed the highest for the confident. Second, the explanatory power of self-resilience influenced the academic self-efficacy of adolescents, the diversity of interests and concerns got the highest for preference of task difficulty, and positive future orientation got the highest in the case of self-regulation and self-confidence. Third, the relative impact of the emotional intelligence and ego resilience of adolescents on their academic self-efficacy was analyzed. We found that thought promotion was the highest impacting factor for preference of task difficulty and self-regulation efficacy, and emotional control was the highest impacting factor for confidence.

아버지의 양육경험에 대한 자기보고의 내용분석

조선화 ( Seon Hwa Cho ),최명선 ( Myung Seon Choi ) 한국아동가족복지학회 2002 한국가족복지학 Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern and characteristics of father`s child-rearing experience by evaluating good and bad experiences between father and children. The subjects of this study were 38 fathers who were over 40years old. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative data were performed for father`s free written self-reports. The results were as follows: (1) The factors for father`s good child-rearing experiences were classified into four categories: that is children`s developmental change, entrance to a school of higher grade, praise about children from other person and sharing family life with children. The children`s developmental change was ranked as the highest factor of good experience (2) The factors for father`s bad child-rearing experiences were classified into 6 categories: that is children`s misconduct, children`s misconduct, children`s disease, child-rearing condition, troubles between child and other family members, children`s learning ability, fail in the entrance examination into a higher grade school or employment examination. The children`s disease was ranked as the highest factor of bad experience.

자녀의 연령과 성에 따른 아버지 만족감 및 스트레스와 아버지 역할수행

조선화(Seon Hwa Cho),김광웅(Kwang Woong Kim) 한국아동가족복지학회 1999 한국가족복지학 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fathering role practices and father`s psychological experiences such as stress and satisfaction with respect to the children`s age and sex. The subjects were 1109 fathers whose oldest child was one to fifteen years old in Seoul and Taejon. Fathering Satisfaction Scale (Canfield, 1995), Parenting Stress Index(Abidin, 1990), and Fathering Practice Scale (Canfield, 1995) were revised for use in this research. The data were analysed by One-Way ANOVA. The results showed that fathers whose oldest child was son, the fathering role satisfaction had no difference among children groups, which were partitioned as 3 groups by children`s age. On the other hand, father`s stress showed differences in the father-children domain and the children domain. The showing love for children item in fathering role practices had some differences. For fathers whose oldest child was daughter, father`s role satisfaction showed significant differences in global father`s role satisfaction, communication satisfaction with children, and their own leadership satisfaction. And all domains of father`s stress showed differences. The fathering role experiences also showed differences in child nurturant role, children understanding role, showing love for children, and child teaching role.

청소년이 지각하는 아버지 상(像) 척도 개발 연구

조선화(Seon Hwa Cho),최명선(Myung Seon Choi) 한국아동학회 2004 아동학회지 Vol.25 No.6

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for adolescent`s image about their father. The preliminary survey was performed for 318 adolescents in Seoul. It was a free-writing style survey for adolescent`s image, feeling, and thoughts about their father. The main survey which included 121 contents were performed for 400 students in Seoul and finally 75 contents were selected by the results of factor analysis and contents validation. The contents were categorized into 10 sub-variables based on previous studies. 10 sub-variables are Father of mature character, Father who do love me, Father who is devoted to his parents, Father as a friend, Father as a counsellor, Father who is very domestic, Father who is exhausted with work, Father who is hard to be familiar for me, Father with financial competence, Father responsible for supporting the family. This study showed construct validity and concurrent evidence because the correlation among the sub-variables and total score were high.

차(茶) 문화 체험 프로그램이 초등학생의 정서적 안정성에 미치는 영향

조선화 ( Sun Hwa Cho ),박찬이 ( Chan E Park ) 한국놀이치료학회 2009 한국놀이치료학회지(놀이치료연구) Vol.12 No.3

본 연구는 차(茶) 문화 프로그램이 정서적 안정성에 미치는 효과를 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 충남 보령시에 소재하는 T초등학교 6학년 학생으로서 실험집단 12명, 통제집단 12명으로 구성하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS PC+ 15.0을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 연구대상의 일반적 특성을 파악하기 위하여 빈도분석을, 신뢰도 분석을 위하여 Cronbach α값을 산출하였으며, 프로그램의 효과를 분석하기 위하여 공변량 분석을 사용하였다. 그리고 프로그램에 대한 참여자들의 회기별 반응을 평가하기 위하여 내용분석을 하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 차문화 프로그램은 아동의 정서적 안정성 총점뿐만 아니라 하위변인인 공격성을 감소시키고, 긴장수준을 낮추며, 열등감을 줄이는 효과적인 프로그램임을 입증하였다. 둘째, 참가자들의 회기별 반응변화는 각 회기마다 제시된 주제에 관련하여 다양한 느낌이 표현 되었고 이를 범주별로 분류화 하였다. 이에 본 연구에서 실시한 프로그램의 구성된 회기별 목표와 주제가 참가자들에게 적당한 수준으로 진행되었으며, 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 프로그램 만족도는 프로그램의 내용, 방법, 강사, 참가자의 수와 조직, 프로그램 진행 장소 및 시기, 시설 및 교구, 프로그램의 목적과 목표 등에 대하여 전반적으로 만족한다는 반응을 보여주었다. 이는 프로그램의 전반적인 구성이 참가자들에게 적절하였음을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of the study is to see how tea culture program can affect elementary students` emotional stability. The experiment group was sixth-grade students from T elementary school, located in BoRyoung, Chung-Nam Province. We had twelve students for an experiment group and the other twelve for a comparative group. We had performed content analysis using SPSS PC+15.0. The frequency analysis was used to understand general characteristics of the experiment group. Cronbach α was computed for reliability, and covariate analysis was used to characterize the effectiveness of the program. The result of the experiment is described as below: Firstly, we have been able to approve that Tea Culture Program have a significant impact not only on emotional stability of children, but on reducing their aggression, tension level, and an inferiority complex which belong to the bottom sector of emotional stability. Secondly, during each session, participants expressed various feelings towards subjects that were given to them, and the feelings were categorized. Based on those data, we could conclude that proper goals and subjects for each session were appropriately assigned to the participants, having positive impacts on students during the experiment. Thirdly, most of the participants commented that they were very satisfied with the program that includes the content, teaching method, lecturer, size and structure of the class, date and location, facility and teaching instruments, purpose and goal of the program and so on. We were able to draw a conclusion that the general program lay-out was adequate for the participants.

문화복지 참여에 대한 지방대학생의 실태분석 및 활성화 방안연구

조선화 ( Seon Hwa Cho ) 한국청소년복지학회 2008 청소년복지연구 Vol.10 No.3