03 구두발표 : 구두발표(OA) - 농업환경 및 토양,수질 분야 ; OA-02 : 토성이 다른 토양 중 Endosulfan 이성질체의 잔류양상 예측

황정인 ( Jeong In Hwang ),전상오 ( Sang Oh Jeon ),이상협 ( Sang Hyeob Lee ),강민수 ( Min Su Kang ),정혜현 ( Hye Hyun Jung ),곽세연 ( Se Yeon Kwak ),이성은 ( Sung Eun Lee ),김장억 ( Jang Eok Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2015 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2015 No.-

Pesticides persisted in soil environment may be subjected to the unexpected uptake by plant root. As these absorbed pesticides can result eventually in safety problems to agricultural products, it is required to predict the plant uptake extent of soil-persisting pesticides inadvance. One of the previous prediction methods is to assess the uptake extent using a mathematical model. When developing the plant uptake model of soil-persisting pesticides, adsorption and dissipation interactions between pesticides and soil may be parameters that play major roles in determining the uptake extent into plant. With considerations of parameters relative to these interactions, we developed a chemical-specific residue (CSR) model, Ce(t)=C0·(1/2)t/T/Kd, in order to predict the residual patterns of endosulfan isomers ( - and  -) in soils containing different organic matter contents. The adsorption (Kd) and dissipation (T) parameters were obtained from indoor experiments, and the applicability of CSR model was assessed by comparing between experimental measurements and modeled estimates. The Kd and T values were significantly varied depending on organic matter contents in the tested soils. For the low organic matter-containing soil, the Kd and T values of the  -isomer were 50.2 mL g-1 and 16 d, respectively; the values of the  -isomer were 54.4 mL g-1 and 231 d, respectively. On the other hand, for the high organic matter-containing soil, the Kd values were 377.4 mL g-1 for the  -isomer and 407.4 mL g-1 for the  -isomer, and the T values for the  - and  -isomers were 139 and 347 d, respectively. Using these parameter values, the modeled values were in good agreement with the measured values with standard errors of less than 23.5%. Therefore, the developed CSR model may be used as a tool for predicting the residual amount of endosulfan in soil.

04 포스터 발표 : 농식품 환경분야(PF) ; PF-03 : 엽채소 작물 중 잔류농약 모니터링 결과에 대한 통계학적 해석

이상협 ( Sang Hyeop Lee ),황정인 ( Jeong In Hwang ),전상오 ( Sang Oh Jeon ),강민수 ( Min Su Kang ),정혜현 ( Hye Hyun Jeong ),장한섭 ( Han Sub Jang ),김장억 ( Jang Eok Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2015 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2015 No.-

A risk assessment method using @Risk program was developed for evaluating a number of analysis data on residual pesticides in leafy vegetables produced in Korea. Results of pesticide residue analysis conducted by National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service (NAQS) between 2010-2012 were used as the residual data for the risk assessment. The average of unacceptable rate for residual pesticide in leafy vegetables was 0.03% which is equivalent to 427 out of the total 12,849 times. It is only 0 to 1% of ADI value for the analyzed pesticides, indicating that the tested leafy vegetables were safe as they were below the their MRLs. The exposure assessment was done using @Risk program to find 95% value and 99% value. Results of the statistical analysis showed that the residual pesticides in leafy vegetables were determined to be below the MRL value, and that it was safe to the consumers of infants, adolescences, and adults. Using the distribution of diet consumption on leafy vegetables and the residual pesticides, the Monte-Carlo simulation showed ADI and ARfD values for the residual pesticides in leafy vegetables ranged from 0.00 to 0.28%. Therefore, it was not exceeding over ADI and ARfD.

LC-MS/MS를 이용한 홍삼가공품 중 잔류농약 동시분석법 개발

강민수 ( Min-su Kang ),황정인 ( Jeong-in Hwang ),이상협 ( Sang-hyeob Lee ),류준상 ( Jun-sang Ryu ),홍성현 ( Sung-hyun Hong ),정혜현 ( Hye-hyun Jung ),곽세연 ( Se-yeon Kwak ),강자군 ( Ja-gun Kang ),김호진 ( Ho-jin Kim ),김장억 ( Ja 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-

The demand for red ginseng (RS) products made by processing ginseng has increased with an interest for health of consumer, and hence it is required to evaluate the safety for residual pesticides in the RS products. However, there are no authorized analysis methods of pesticides for RS products. In this study, a multiresidue analysis method of 43 pesticides in RS products such as pure extract and concentrated extract was developed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Small amounts of sample were used in the analysis, and the pesticides were extracted with acetonitrile. The clean-up of samples was conducted using dispersive solid phase extraction with the primary secondary amine and anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The analytical method developed in this study was amenable to 37 (pure extract) and 34 (concentrated extract) of 43 tested pesticides. Using the developed method, the limits of quantification of the amenable pesticides in the RS products were between 3 and 70 ng mL-1, and the linearities of their matrix-matched standard calibration curves were acceptable with high correlation coefficients of >0.98. In addition, recoveries of amenable pesticides in the RS products ranged from 70.0 to 118.0%, with relative standard deviations of 0.5∼19.5%. Therefore, the analytical method developed in this study could be used as an efficient analysis method of pesticides for pure extract and concentrated extract products of RS.

토양에 잔류된 Endosulfan의 감자에 대한 흡수 및 잔류특성

곽세연 ( Se-yeon Kwak ),황정인 ( Jeong-in Hwang ),이상협 ( Sang-hyeob Lee ),류준상 ( Jun-sang Ryu ),홍성현 ( Seong-hyeon Hong ),강민수 ( Min-su Kang ),정혜현 ( Hye-hyun Jung ),강자군 ( Ja-gun Kangand ),김장억 ( Jang-eok Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-

There have been reports that an organochlorine insecticide endosulfan (ED) consisted of α- and β-isomers is consistently detected in Korean arable soils due to its long-term persistency, and a major metabolite ED-sulfate produced with its degradation is as toxic and persistent as the isomers. This study assessed the uptake amount of ED isomers and ED-sulfate by potato grown on ED-treated soils with concentrations of 2 and 10 mg/kg. Soil samples were collected at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, and 90 d after planting of potato, and residual amounts of total ED calculated as a sum of isomers and metabolite were halved after 62.4 and 99.5 d in 2 and 10 mg/kg-treated soils, respectively. Potato plants sampled after growth of 60 to 90 d were divided into root, shoot and tuber parts. Most of ED isomers were present in root of potato with mean distribution rate of 57.1%, while ED-sulfate was the greatest in shoot part, with mean distribution rate of 64.5%. The uptake amounts of total ED in tuber of potato were the highest after 60 d of growth, showing concentrations of 0.49-2.34 mg/kg for both treatments. In addition, the distribution rate of ED isomers in potato tubers were 2 times higher than that of ED-sulfate. In Korea, there is no maximum residue limit (MRL) for ED in potato, while Codex and EU has such MRL as 0.05 mg/kg. At the final hervest day of 90 d, uptake amounts (0.2-1.3 mg/kg) of total ED in tuber of potato exceeded the MRL. Therefore, if the potato is cultivated in contaminated soils with concentrations of >2 mg/kg, its final products may be unsafe with exceeding MRL. The results in this study may provide the useful information to establish the management guideline of ED in soil for producing the safe agricultural products.

Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry를 이용한 농산물 중 살충제 다성분 동시분석법

이상협 ( Sang-hyeob Lee ),황정인 ( Jeong-in Hwang ),강민수 ( Min-su Kang ),정혜현 ( Hye-hyun Jung ),류준상 ( Jun-sang Ryu ),홍성현 ( Sung-hyun Hong ),곽세연 ( Se-yeon Kwak ),강자군 ( Ja-gun Kang ),도정아 ( Jung-ah Do ),장문익 ( Mo 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-

For regulating pesticide residues in agricultural products imported from other countries, Korea is ready to introduce the Positive List System permitting the determination of unregistered pesticides in them at a concentration of <0.01 mg/kg. Hence, it is required to establish a rapid and sensitive analysis method for both registered and unregistered pesticides in imported agricultural products, in order to ensure their safety from pesticide residues. In this study, we developed an analytical method for 62 insecticides in three agricultural products such as orange, green pepper, and brown rice using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Acetonitrile and sodium citrate were used for the extraction of insecticide residues from the samples, and a dispersive solid phase extraction using primary secondary amine and anhydrous magnesium sulfate was employed for a clean-up. Using the developed method, the limits of quantification were below 0.01 mg/kg for all tested insecticides, and their matrix-matched standard calibration curve had high correlation coefficients of >0.99. In addition, for all tested samples, recoveries of insecticides fortified at levels of 0.01-0.05 mg/kg ranged from 75.2 to 111.3%, and relative standard deviations were acceptable at <18.1%. Therefore, the analytical method developed in this study could be used as the rapid and sensitive analysis method for 62 insecticides in agricultural products.

고감도 신속 다종농약다성분 검색/검사법 개발 연구 - LC-MS/MS법

김장억 ( Jang-eok Kim ),황정인 ( Jeong-in Hwang ),이상협 ( Sang-hyeob Lee ),강민수 ( Min-su Kang ),정혜현 ( Hye-hyun Jung ),류준상 ( Jun-sang Ryu ),홍성현 ( Sung-hyun Hong ),곽세연 ( Se-yeon Kwak ),강자군 ( Ja-gun Kang ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-

현재 우리나라는 세계 여러 나라와 자유무역협정(FTA : Free Trade Agreement)을 체결하여 수입농산물이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라, 우리나라는 자국 농산물 및 소비자를 보호하기 위하여 자국기준이 설정되지 않은 농약들에 대하여 0.01 mg/kg 이상 잔류하는 농산물에 대해 규제를 하는 Positive List System (PLS)의 도입이 시급하다. 따라서 PLS 체계 운용 시 잔류최소기준을 실질적으로 적용할 수 있는 국가 공정잔류분석법의 확립이 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 개발된 Korea Pesticide Residue Analysis-Positive List System (KOPRA-PLS)방법을 적용하여, 적합한 PLS 체계용 고감도 신속 잔류 다종농약다성분 분석법을 개발하고자 한다. 분석대상 농약은 식품공전 다종농약다성분 분석법-제 1법에 등록된 농약 및 국내 미등록 농약 중 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)로 분석 가능한 농약인 61종을 선정하였으며, 대표시료는 현미를 선정하여 사용하였다. KOPRA-PLS 방법에서 추출 및 액액분배 방법은 균질화된 시료를 acetonitrile로 첨가하여 homogenizer로 추출 후, sodium citrate, sodium chloride 및 anhydrous sodium sulfate를 첨가하여 액액분배하였다. 정제방법은 primary secondary amine 및 anhydrous magnesium sulfate를 첨가하여 dispersive solid phase extraction 방법으로 정제하였다. LC-MS/MS로 분석 가능한 61종 농약에 대한 validation test를 실시한 결과, 분석대상농약의 정량한계는 모두 0.01 mg/kg 이하로 나타났으며, matrix-matched standard calibration의 상관계수가 모두 0.99 이상으로 나타나 직선성이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. LC-MS/MS로 분석 가능한 61종 농약중에서 52종의 농약이 회수율 70∼120%, 변이계수 20% 이하를 만족하였다. 따라서 본 시험에 의해 확립된 52종의 농약은 screening method로 사용하기에 적절한 것으로 판단되었으며, 추후PLS체계를 위한 다성분분석법 연구가 지속적으로 수행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

살균제 Fludioxonil 및 Metconazole의 밀 부위별 잔류 양상

강자군 ( Ja-gun Kang ),황정인 ( Jeong-in Hwang ),이상협 ( Sang-hyeob Lee ),강민수 ( Min-su Kang ),정혜현 ( Hye-hyun Jung ),곽세연 ( Se-yeon Kwak ),류준상 ( Jun-sang Ryu ),홍성현 ( Seong-hyeon Hong ),박준홍 ( Jun-hong Park ),김장억 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-

Residual patterns of fungicides fludioxonil and metconazole applied on wheat with their safe use guidelines were investigated with consideration for their distribution rates in each compartment of wheat. The fungicides were 2 or 3 times sprayed on wheats at the interval of 7 days prior to harvest. Wheat samples collected at final harvest day were divided into three compartments such as grain, hull and straw, and the pesticide residue analysis was individually carried out to such compartments of wheat. The analytical methods of fungicide residues in wheat were acceptable, with recoveries of 84.3 to 113.3% and correlation coefficients of 0.1 to 4.7%. Due to the systemic characteristics, the residual amounts of metconazole in the grain part of wheat were greater as 0.11~0.29 mg/kg than those amounts (0.02~0.07 mg/kg) for fludioxonil, and these residual amounts of both fungicides exceeded their maximum residue limits. According to absolute residue amounts of the fungicides in one wheat plant, their distribution rates in each compartment of wheat were the highest in straws (66.7~70.7%), followed by hulls (29.0~32.5%) and grains (0.2~0.9%). Although the distribution rates of fludioxonil and metconazole in wheat were the lowest in the edible grain parts, their high distribution rates in hulls and straws, available as feeds for livestock, may result in safety problems by pesticide residues. Therefore, it is required to assess the residual characteristics of pesticides in individual compartments of crops in order to ensure the safety for either foods to human or feeds to livestock from their residues.