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정철웅 서강정보대학 2001 論文集 Vol.20 No.-
Edward Albee emerged as a representative American absurd dramatist who would lead the country's theater in the 1960 s. His powerful language as well as naturalistic settings and the specific thematic meanings make it clear that he cannot be described only as an absurdist. We can say that he is realist using some absurdist stuff to give theatrical effect. Since his language has a power of decision, the characters lose their self and self-ruling power. This language breaks everything and has a power to create and reconstruct it. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? is the typical drama in which language is used as an implement of taking over power, exercising violence and creating new situations. The characters' reality and relationship in Who's afraid of Virginia Woolf? are realized in language. The language is treated as games and the power among the characters follows immediately the one who has better verbal ability. Language is used to define the characters' interactional status gauge and to control each other. That is explained in language aggression, which is the main idea of this thesis, which considers the language itself functions as violence and regulates human world.
款首와 總理 ― 淸 中・後期 淸水江 北岸의 保甲・團練과 九寨總理 劉開厚 ―
정철웅 명청사학회 2023 명청사연구 Vol.- No.59
This paper aims to examine who was the operator of the community self-defense system(baojia) and militia(tuanlian) established around the latter part of the Qing Dynasty, a considerable amount of time after the Gaituguiliu(改土歸流) policy, and what the operator's behavior was like. To this end, the process of converting the head of ethnic traditional village organization into the security group head(保長) or tithing chief(牌長) was tracked. In addition, the role of the ‘regional general representative(總理)’ in Jiuzhai(九寨) and his conduct were revealed. Finally, we examined the above two aspects in detail through the conducts of Liu Kaihou(1836-1915), a native of Shiyinzhai(石引寨) who was in charge of administration and security in the Jiuzhai area as regional general representative between the mid-to-late Qing Dynasty and the early days of the Republican era. Through these surveys, the following facts were confirmed. At that time, the society in the Guizhou province, including the Jiuzhai area on the northern part of the Qingshui River, was still unstable. The prevalence of successive revolts by ethnic minorities, chronic food shortages, women's kidnapping, gambling, bandits' rampant and looting were certainly negative aspects of the power vacuum that has existed in the region since the Gaituguiliu. Therefore, the Qing government began the installation of community self-defense system and militia under the leadership of Hu Linyi at the time of Xianfeng’s reign, and by the time of Guangxu’s reign, it was universally established in the Jiuzhai. However, the leaders of the local government-led community self-defense system and militia were dominated by influential families who exerted their own influence early in minority communities and were also the heads of traditional autonomous organizations. One of the positions of Liu Kaihou, “leader of rural militia,” is a good evidence that the community self-defense system and militia installed under the leadership of the Qing government are connected to traditional autonomous organizations in minority communities, and that the head was also a powerful person of the organizations. It was around the 13th year of Guangxu reign that Liu Kaihou appeared as a leading figure in the Jiuzhai area, which coincided with the period when he and his family actively began to cultivate Japanese cedar. This fact tells us that Liu Kaihou’s personal ability and his economic wealth were the background behind his strong political role in Jiuzhai. The Qing government appointed community self-defense system and militia management managers to overcome the chaos of the minority society in the Jiuzhai area as influential figures in local communities such as Liu Kaihou because they were still important in stabilizing the minority society after the Gaituguiliu. This, after all, means that despite the Qing government’s long-term efforts to improve the public order in ethnic minority areas, the political vacuum after the Gaituguiliu has not been effectively filled. On the other hand, Liu Kaihou also committed illegal acts in the Jiuzhai area, such as unpaid debts, deliberate land disputes, gambling, and frequent litigation. This dual behavior of Liu Kaihou is an important evidence that the Qing government has failed to efficiently replace the political vacuum that occurred after the Gaituguiliu. Therefore, he was also an alternative to fill the administrative gap of the Qing government, but his misconduct is reminiscent of the emergence of a new form of ‘ethnic chieftain’. Eventually, the Qing government carried out the Gaituguiliu in a decisive manner, but it had little room for manoeuvre, so it was forced to rely on local leaders for administration, and the Qing government's political limitations paradoxically strengthened the position of the traditional leaders in the minority society.
백서 치주 골결손부에 calcium carbonate 이식 및 pulsed Nd:YAG 레이저에 의한 치은상피의 제거 후 접합상피의 치유양상
정철웅,정현주,Jeong, Cheol-Woong,Chung, Hyun-Ju 대한치주과학회 1996 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.26 No.1
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether removal of gingival epithelium with pulsed Nd :YAG laser could inhibit the downgrowth of junctional epithelium after alloplastic material grafting in periodontal bone defect. The periodontal bone defects were created surgically on the palatal aspect of the upper right and left molar teeth in 30 rats and filled with resorbable calcium carbonate($Biocoral\;450^{(R)}$: Inoteb, France). The control sites(right molar area) was sutured. The test side (left molar area) received controlled deepithelization of the oral and sulcular epithelium with pulsed Nd:YAG laser($Sunrise\;Maste^{(R)}$: Sunrise Technologies, U.S.A.) under the mode of 1.75W, 15Hz, 116mJ/pulse and was sutured. The control and test sites were evaluated clinically and histologically, at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days postoperation. Clinically, the gingiva showed normal color and shape at the 5th day in the control site and at the 10th day in the test sites. Histologically, the junctional epithelium was formed at the 7th day in the control sites and at the 14th day in the test sites, and the long JE attachment were observed at the 28th day in both sites. The attachment of connective tissue to root surface was observed initially at the 7th day in the control sites and at the 14th day in the test sites, and completed at the 28th day in both sites. In summary, these results showed that the removal of oral epithelium using pulsed Nd:YAG Laser could not prevent epithelial downgrowth after alloplastic material implantation in rat periodontal bone defect.