『대학연의(大學衍義)』와 조선의 정치사상

정재훈 ( Jung Jae Hhoon ) 한국사상사학회 2020 韓國思想史學 Vol.0 No.64

중국의 남송시대에 진덕수가 지은『대학연의』는 주희의 정치사상을 계승한 성리학적 이상이 담긴 제왕학의 교본이다. 원, 명, 청대를 거치면서 제왕의 정치사상에 깊은 영향을 준 이 책은 고려 말 한국으로 전래된 이후 조선시대의 정치사상에도 많은 영향을 끼쳤다. 조선전기에는 현실의 정치에서 중요하게 참고되는 기준이 되는 책으로서 인용이 많이 되었다. 특히 『대학연의』에서 주목된 것은 왕조운영에 적합한 제왕학의 모델이었다. 그것은 현실적으로 신하들과의 관계, 궁중 내부의 비빈과의 관계, 환관 등에 대한 경계에 대한 풍부한 사례 등의 구체적인 역사적 사례가 대상이 될 수 있었다. 이 점은 원대나 명대에서 『대학연의』가 주목되었던 맥락과 다르지 않았다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 적극적인 활용의 결과 『대학연의집략(大學衍義輯略)』과 같이 『대학연의』의 사실과 고려사의 사실을 덧붙여서 만든 책이 출현하기도 했고, 『치평요람(治平要覽)』과 같이 치국, 평천하의 영역을 보완하려는 책도 등장하였다. 조선중기에는 조선전기 체제에 대한 총체적인 반성 위에서 새로운 국가운영 원리를 모색하려는 사림들이 등장하였다. 이들은 『대학』에 대한 이론적 탐색을 심화하였고, 그 결과 이언적은 『중용구경연의(中庸九經衍義)』에서 『대학연의』의 군주수양론을 보다 정밀하게 구체화하였다. 이이는 『성학집요(聖學輯要)』에서 『대학연의』의 내용을 완전하게 해체해서 치국, 평천하의 영역까지 포괄하여 조선에 맞는 제왕학으로 재구성 하였다. 이는 사림들의 붕당정치가 가능하게 하는 이론적 전제가 되었다. 조선후기에는 성리학적 경세론이나 제왕학에서 어느 정도 벗어나는 노력이 나타났다. 당쟁이 치열해지면서 『서경』을 통해 국왕의 왕권을 강조하는 『홍범연의(洪範衍義)』가 출현하기도 하였고, 정조(正祖)는 『대학유의(大學類義)』를 통해 국왕이 직접 경세의 영역을 주도하는 질서를 추구하기도 하였다. 19세기의 세도정치시기에도 권상신이 지은 『국조대학연의(國朝大學衍義)』와 같이 중국의 제왕 사례가 아니라 조선의 국왕의 사례로써 완전히 내용을 바꾼 조선판 『대학연의』가 출현하였다. 이와같이 『대학연의』는 조선의 정치사상의 변화에 큰 영향을 미치면서 그 논리는 조선에서 완전하게 변용되거나 새롭게 이해됨으로써 조선의 정치사상을 이해하는 하나의 지표로서 파악할 수 있다. Daehak Yeoneui was written by Jin Deok-su(陳德秀) of the Southern Song dynasty and has been regarded for centuries as the ultimate guidebook to ideal monarchy, as it contains Neo-Confucian ideals first conceived by Ju Hi(朱熹). This book continued to inspire many rulers (and their political philosophies) during the Yuan, Ming and Qing periods, and it was also introduced to the Korean peninsula at the end of Goryeo period to have a huge impact on Choson’s political philosophy as well. In the early half of the Choson period, this book was often cited as an important standard to be cherished in real life politics. What Daehak Yeoneui essentially presented was an ideal model for the governance of the monarchs who had to rule entire countries. And the book contained numerous examples of past kings’ relationships with his vassals, his queens and concubines, and eunuchs (which attracted Yuan and Ming monarchs’ attention as well). The book’s natural fame led to publications of similar materials such as Daehak Yeoneui Jib’ryak(大學衍義輯略), which added historical facts of the Goryeo period to the original Daehak Yeoneui, or Chipyeong Yoram(治平要覽), which was created to guide the Choson kings in their ruling of the country and pacifying bigger planes. Then, in the middle period of Choson, the Sarim figures appeared and began searching for a new set of principles to run the Choson dynasty, based on a fairly critical take on how things went earlier in Choson. They studied Daehak much more profoundly and in a more academic fashion. As a result, for example, Yi Eon-jeok meticulously analyzed the argument of “Rulers should vigorously build their character” [featured in Daehak Yeoneui] in his Jung’yong Gu’gyeong Yeoneui(中庸九經衍義), and Yi Ih, in his Seonghak Jibyo(聖學輯要)’ completely dismantled and then recomposed all the contents of Daehak Yeoneui and even add other issues such as “Chiguk(Rule the country)” and “Pyeongcheonha(Pacify the universe),” to compile yet another form of ‘Principles for Monarchy(or Monarch studies)’ which would fit the reality of Choson nicely. And most importantly, these efforts were what enabled the Bungdang Party politics to prevail and blossom in this period. In later periods, emerged were some efforts that tried to break free from Neo-Confucian dynasty-governing theories or monarchy studies. With party collisions heating up, arguments in favor of the monarch’s absolute authority (based on Seogyeong) were suggested through books such as Hongbeom Yeoneui(洪範衍義), and King Jeongjo(正祖) himself authored Daehak Yu’eui(大學類義) to emphasize his own role in leading the agenda of world governing. Even during the “Sedo politics” period (during which powerful houses controlled the Choson political arena) in the 19th century, published were books like Gwon Sang-shin’s Gukjo Daehak Yeoneui, which was essentially a Choson version of Daehak Yeoneui, filled with not Chinese but Choson kings’ examples. As we can see, while Daehak Yeoneui heavily affected changes in the Choson politicians’ political philosophy, the Choson people also managed to understand it from an entirely different angle. In other words, Choson’s view on Daehak Yeoneui lets us understand the nature of Choson’s political philosophy and its evolution.

국내 치매환자의 인지기능 향상을 위한 중재의 효과: 무작위 대조군 실험연구의 체계적 문헌고찰

정재훈,Jung, Jae-Hun 대한산업경영학회 2021 산업융합연구 Vol.19 No.5

본 연구는 국내 치매환자의 인지기능 향상을 위한 중재에 대한 특성과 효과를 분석하기 위해 무작위 대조군 실험연구에 대한 체계적 고찰을 시행하였다. 5개의 검색 데이터베이스를 사용하여 2010년 1월부터 2021년 6월까지 발표된 연구를 분석하였다. 총 1,104편의 연구가 검색되어 총 27편의 연구를 최종 분석하였다. 문헌의 질 평가는 Risk of bias(RoB)를 사용하였다. 인지기능 평가도구는 Mini-Mental Status Examination(MMSE)이 가장 많이 사용되었다. 인지기능 중재는 운동치료, 미술치료, 인지자극, 회상치료, 음악치료, 복합인지재활, 가상현실, 원예치료, 컴퓨터기반 인지훈련, 의도적 다감각자극, 미용치료, 요리활동, 한국적 익숙함이 적용되었다. 운동치료 2편, 가상현실 1편, 미용치료 1편을 제외하고 모든 연구에서 인지기능에 유의한 향상이 나타났다. 본 연구는 국내 치매환자의 인지기능에 대한 중재를 계획하고 실행하는데 임상적 근거를 제시하였다. 향후에는 연구방법의 질적 향상으로 체계적이고 치매의 특성에 맞는 다양한 중재 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to systematically review about randomized controlled trials the characteristics and effect of cognitive function intervention for patient with dementia. We searched studies published from January 2010 to June 2021 in 5 databases. A total 1,104 studies were found and included 27 studies in final analysis. Methodological quality was assessment with the Cochrane's RoB(risk of bias) tool. Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) was the most used as the assessment tool for identifying the cognitive function. Cognitive function intervention were exercise, art, cognitive stimulation, reminiscence, music, multimodal cognitive rehabilitation, virtual reality, horticultural, computerized cognitive training, intentional snoezelen, beauty, cooking, korean traditional familiarity program. Most of the intervention except exercise 2, virtual reality 1, beauty 1 were effective in improving cognitive function. This study provided a clinical evidence for planning and implementing intervention for cognitive function intervention. In the future, various intervention studies suitable for the characteristics of dementia should be conducted by improving the quality of research methods.

수치지도를 이용한 고속국도 주변 태양광 패널 설치 대상지 선정

정재훈,김병일,Jung, Jaehoon,Kim, Byungil 한국건설관리학회 2016 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.17 No.5

기존 화석연료를 대체하기 위한 방법으로 태양광은 가장 주목 받는 신재생에너지원 중의 하나이다. 하지만 태양광 패널을 설치하기 위한 부지 확보 문제는 태양광의 활용을 높이기 위해 극복해야 할 문제점 중의 하나이다. 이에 본 연구는 고속국도 비탈면에 태양광 패널을 설치할 것을 제안한다. 고속국도에 인접한 모든 비탈면은 유휴 공공부지이며, 고속국도 총 연장이 4,193km에 달한다는 점, 선형구조로 패널 설치 시 규모의 경제 실현이 가능하다는 점, 주변 지물로 인해 음영 발생 소지가 적다는 점, 그리고 대부분의 구간이 거주지와 멀어 민원 발생 소지가 적다는 점 등 높은 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 하지만 현장조사에 의한 방법의 경우 4,000km가 넘는 고속국도 주변을 조사하기에는 많은 시간 및 비용의 소모와 더불어 안정상의 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 극복하고 효율적인 태양광 패널 설치 대상지 선별을 위해 본 연구는 수치지도 기반의 지형 분석 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 먼저 수치지도로부터 등고선 및 고속국도 폴리라인을 추출한다. 추출한 등고선을 수치지형모형으로 변환하고, 지형의 방위각과 경사각을 계산한다. 고속국도는 이진영상으로 변환한 뒤 정제 과정을 거쳐 단절된 부분을 복원하고, 경계로부터 일정 범위 내의 지역을 버퍼지역으로 추출한다. 앞선 자료들을 중첩해 버퍼지역 내 특정 방위각과 경사각을 만족하는 지역을 대상지로 선정하고, 최종적으로 항공사진을 이용한 정성적 평가를 수행한다. Solar energy is a viable source to replace fossil fuels. However, challenges associated with site selection for solar panel installation inhibit the uptake of solar energy systems. Expressway slopes offer a potentially attractive alternative for solar panel installation for the following reasons: expressway slopes are vacant public sites, they are abundant (about 4,193km in South Korea), and they are linear in nature. Traditoinally when selecting sites for solar systems conventional surveying methods are employed. Unfortunately, these methods can be dangerous, time consuming, and labor intensive. To overcome these limitations of conventional site selection methodologies, we propose an automated approach using numerical maps. First, contour and expressway polylines are extracted separately from numeric maps. The extracted contour lines are then converted into a digital terrain model; this is used to calculate aspect and slope information. Next, the extracted expressway lines are projected onto a binary image and refined to recover the disconnections, and then applied to create a buffer zone to narrow the search space. Finally, all data sets are overlaid to identify candidate sites for solar panel systems and are visually verified through comparisons with aerial photos.

상악전치부 심미에 대한 인식도 평가

정재훈,오상천,Jung Jae-Hoon,Oh Sang-Chun 대한치과보철학회 2003 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Statement of problem : The beauty has a little different meaning according to a time, culture, and nation. Purpose : This study was undertaken to determine the Korean perception of the altered upper anterior dental esthetics including the lack of symmetry, the midline deviation, the gingival exposure, the inclination of incisal plane, the type of incisal plane, and the type of gingival line. Material and Method : 670 subjects were participated in this survey. A questionnaire accompanied by 12 sets of computer-manipulated images using 3D MAX 4.2 software was used to record the ranking of the geometric preference related to the anterior esthetic discrepancies in three or four degrees of alteration. The statistical significance of the differences between the groups was determined by a one-way ANOVA and a t-test. Results : The results obtained were as follows: 1) The Korean perception of the anterior dental esthetics according to the subjects' occupation, sex, and age was most affected by occupation. 2) The masked image emphasizing the dentition and lips appeared stranger than the non-masked image at the same alteration. 3) The lack of symmetry, which was expressed as a unilateral discoloration of the tooth, showed incongruity in any teeth of the anterior dentition. The incongruity was more severe as the degree occurred closer to the midline. 4) The deviation of midline was showed more severe strangeness as the degree of deviation increased. However, more than half of the subjects did not perceive a deviation of 5mm. 5) During smiling, the exposure of the upper gingiva showed more severe incongruity as the degree of gingival exposure increased. 77% of the subjects perceived strangeness at the gingival exposure of 4.5mm. 6) The inclination of the incisal plane appeared stranger as the degree of inclination increased. 62% of subjects perceived strangeness at the $7.5^{\circ}$ inclination of the incisal plane. 7) The type of incisal plane showed increasing strangeness in the order of convex/downward, straight/horizontal, and concave/upward. 80% of subjects perceived strangeness at concave/upward. 8) The type of gingival line was showed increasing incongruity in the order of the same, a little above, and a little under the zenith of the lateral incisor to the line joining the zenith of the central incisor and the canine. However, less than half the subjects did not perceive strangeness at any alteration of the gingival line. Conclusion : The Korean perception of the upper anterior dental esthetics was different to the westerner's perception in the some respects.

고관절 주위 골절환자에서 술 전 색 도플러 초음파를 이용하여 진단한 심부 정맥 혈전의 빈도

정재훈,이경재,민병우,손은석,구태원,Jung, Jae-Hoon,Lee, Kyung-Jae,Min, Byung-Woo,Son, Eun-Seok,Koo, Tae-Won 대한정형외과초음파학회 2014 대한정형외과 초음파학회지 Vol.7 No.2

목적: 고관절 주위 골절 환자에서 술 전 색 도플러 초음파 검사를 이용하여 심부 정맥 혈전증을 진단하고 그 발생 빈도를 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2013년 6월부터 2014년 5월까지 본원에 내원한 고관절 주위 골절 환자 중 이전에 심부 정맥 혈전의 과거력이 없으며 술 전 색 도플러 초음파 검사에 동의한 환자 27예를 대상으로 하였으며 남자가 8예, 여자가 19예이었다. 평균 연령은 74.3세(41-87)였다. 고관절 주위 골절의 진단명은 대퇴 경부 골절 15예, 대퇴 전자간 골절 11예, 비구 골절이 1예였다. 모든 수술은 본원 내원 후 48시간 이내에 시행하는 것을 원칙으로 하였으며 내원 24시간 이내에 색 도플러 초음파 검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 심부 정맥 혈전은 총 6예(22.2%)에서 발견되었다. 이중 2예(7.4%)는 근위 심부 정맥 혈전이었고 4예(14.8%)는 원위 심부 정맥 혈전이었다. 심부 정맥 혈전 발생 군이 평균 79세(75-87), 발생하지 않은 환자 군이 평균 72세(65-86)로 유의하게 많았다(p=0.038). 결론: 고관절 주위 골절 환자에게 수술 이전 실시한 색 도플러 초음파 검사상 22.2%로 비교적 높은 빈도로 심부 정맥 혈전이 발견되었다. 고관절 주위 골절 환자에서 술 전 심부 정맥 혈전증에 대한 보다 적극적인 검사가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) before hip fracture by duplex color Doppler ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: From June 2013 to May 2014, 27 patients who had agreed to perform color Doppler ultrasonography before hip fracture surgery were evaluated for the incidence of DVT. Patients who had history of DVT were excluded. Five patients were men and 19 patients were women. The mean age was 74.3 years old (41-87). There were 15 cases of femoral neck fracture, 11 cases of intertrochanteric fractures and one case of acetabular fracture. Surgical intervention underwent within 48 hours from admission and duplex color Doppler ultrasonography was carried out at the day of admission. Results: DVT occurred in six cases (22.2%). Four cases (14.8%) occurred in proximal deep vein and two cases (7.4%) occurred in distal deep vein. The mean period of immobilization was longer in patients who had DVT. But there was no significant difference. The mean age was 79 years old (75-87) in patients who had DVT and 72 years old (65-86) in patients who had not. There was significant difference (p=0.038). Conclusion: The incidence of DVT which was diagnosed by duplex color Doppler ultrasonography before hip fracture surgery was relatively high (22.2%). So it is necessary to undergo duplex color Doppler ultrasonography more aggressively to rule out DVT before hip fracture surgery.

Simultaneous Measurement of Strain and Temperature by use of Fiber Bragg Grating Written in an Erbium: Ytterbium-Doped Fiber

정재훈,Jung, Jae-Hoon Institute of Korean Electrical and Electronics Eng 2004 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.8 No.1

단일 광섬유 격자와 Yb와 Er이 첨가된 광섬유를 이용한 스트레인 및 온도의 동시 측정을 시행하였다. 스트레인과 온도에 대해서 $1100\;{\mu}{\varepsilon}$ and $50-180\;^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 $55.8\;{\mu}{\varepsilon}$ 와 $3\;^{\circ}C$의 오차를 가지고 측정하였다. 본 센서의 소형 및 저가의 특성으로 미루어 볼 때 넓은 범위의 스트레인 센서로 활용가치가 높다고 사료된다. We demonstrate a fiber-optic sensor scheme, capable of the simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature using a single fiber Bragg grating written in an erbium: ytterbium-doped fiber. This novel and compact fiber grating based sensor scheme can be used for synchronous measurement of strain and temperature over ranges of $1100\;{\mu}{\varepsilon}$ and $50-180\;^{\circ}C$ with rms errors of $55.8\;{\mu}{\varepsilon}$ and $3^{\circ}C$, respectively. The simple and low-cost sensor approach has a considerable potential, particularly for wide-range strain sensing applications in which high resolution is not required.

Arrayed Waveguide Grating의 스펙트럼해석

정재훈,Jung, Jae-Hoon 한국전기전자학회 2004 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.8 No.1

Arrayed waveguide grating의 스펙트럼을 해석하기 위해 Fresnel Kirchhoff diffraction 식과 Fraunhofer diffraction 근사식을 이용하여 실제로 제작되는 16채널 및 40채널의 arrayed waveguide grating에 대해 적용해 보았으며 Fraunhofer diffraction 근사식을 적용할 때 생기는 문제점을 모델별로 도출하였고 그 오차를 실제의 공정오차와 비교하였다. We performed the spectrum analysis of arrayed waveguide grating using Fresnel Kirchhoff diffraction formula and its approximated Fraunhofer diffraction equation and applied both methods to 16 channel and 40 channel models. We presented the spectra and found out the limitations of Fraunhofer diffraction in analysis of arrayed waveguide grating and compared the errors coming from Fraunhofer diffraction approximation and due to imperfection during the fabrication process.

단일 광섬유 브래그 격자와 EDFA를 이용한 온도와 스트레인의 동시 측정

정재훈,남희,이병호,Jung, Jae-Hoon,Nam, Hui,Lee, Byoung-Ho 대한전자공학회 1999 電子工學會論文誌, D Vol.d36 No.6

We propose and demonstrate a novel sensor which can simultaneously measure strain and temperature. The sensor is composed of a single fiber Bragg grating and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Using linear variation in the amplified spontaneous emission power of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier with temperature, we determine the temperature. By subtracting the temperature effect from the Bragg wavelength shift, we determine the strain. Experiments show rms deviations of $18.2{\mu}{\varepsilon}$ and $0.7^{\circ}C$ for strain and temperature, respectively. 하나의 광섬유 브래그 격자와 EDFA를 이용하여 온도와 스트레인을 동시에 측정할 수 있는 센서를 제안하고 구현하였다. 혼도에 따른 EDFA 의 ASE파워의 선형적 변화를 이용하여 온도를 측정하고 전체 브래그 파장변화와 그 온도효과의 차로써 스트레인을 측정하였다. 측정값은 스트레인과 온도 각각에 대해서 $18.2{\mu}{\varepsilon}$과 $0.7^{\circ}C$의 rms 오차를 가진다.

혁신형 중소기업의 조직혁신역량이 기업의 수출성과에 미치는 영향

정재훈,오가영,Jung, Jae Hoon,Oh, Ka Young 강원대학교 경영경제연구소 2022 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.13 No.3

Purpose - This study investigate the effect of innovative capacity on corporate export performance and moderating flexibility. Design/methodology/approach - For this, hypotheses were established by reviewing previous studies and an empirical analysis was conducted for testing. Using SPSS 22.0, a frequency analysis of related variables was conducted. Through an exploratory factor analysis, validity and reliability tests of measuring tools were conducted and a descriptive statistics was analyzed for collected data result and hypotheses testing. Findings - Finally, with a verified model, the hypotheses and the moderating effects were tested. The results are as follows; The innovationa capacities have a positive effect on export performance and flexibility However, the flexbilitiy was not moderator in the relationship between innovative capacity and export performance. Research implications or Originality - According to the results above, this study presents directions to improve export performance of technological innovative type SMEs. The innovative capabilities, marketing capacity, organization innovative capacity and process innovative capactity, has an positive effect on

식편압입의 발현에 관한 임상적 연구

정재훈,오상천,동진근,Jung, Jae-Hoon,Oh, Sang-Chun,Dong, Jin-Keun 대한치과보철학회 2000 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.38 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of food impaction and to explore solutions as well. For this study, 39 patients with food impaction were selected. 77 contact areas in these patients were investigated mobility, tightness of contact area, gingival index, plaque index, attachment loss, alveolar bone loss, proximal caries, marginal ridge distance and occlusal relationships. The results were as follows ; 1. Teeth without distal support were found to be the most frequent site of food impaction (41.6%). Food impaction was found to be more frequent in the upper teeth (65.2%) than the lower teeth (33.8%). 2. Food impaction was found in tight contact cases (71.4%). Alveolar bone loss was not found in the early stage of food impaction (83.1%) 3. The distance between the marginal ridges of food impaction sites (mean=0.48mm) was short-er than that of the control group. (mean=0.77mm) (p<0.001) 4. In 18.2% of the cases, proximal carries were found at the food impaction site. 5. Food impaction affected patient's occlusion with the following frequencies, cusp to marginal ridge relationship (72.7%), cusp to fossa relationship (3.9%) and stepped relationship (23.4%).