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납사분해 공정 내 열 교환 네트워크 경제적-환경영향 평가
정효진,정수빈,안유찬,Hyojin Jung,Subin Jung,Yuchan Ahn 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.61 No.3
Petrochemical is an energy consuming industry that consumes about 30% of total industrial energy consumption and is a representative carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emission source. Among them, the Naphtha Cracking Center (NCC), which produces ethylene, propylene, propane and mixed C4, consumes large amounts of energy and emits significant amounts of CO<sub>2</sub>. For this reason, an integrated techno economic- environmental impact assessment aimed at reducing energy consumption and environmental impact factors is necessary to ensure efficiency in terms of economics and environment. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of the heat exchanger network used in the existing NCC base on the pinch analysis and select an improvement plan that can reduced energy consumption. In order to reduces the utility consumption in the process, an optimal heat exchanger network considering the high-temperature and low-temperature stream was derived, and the economic evaluation was conducted by considering the trade-off between the reduction in utility consumption and the increase in heat exchanger installation cost. In addition, an environmental impact assessment was conducted on the reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emission in consideration of the environmental aspect, and the economic environmental impact assessment used the payback period to recover the invested funds to come up with an energy saving plan that can be applied based on the actual process. As a result of considering the economic-environmental impact assessment, when the environmental impact assessment was not considered, it was 4.29 months, 3.21 months, and 3.39 months for each case, and when considering the environmental impact assessment, it was 4.24 months, 3.17 months, and 3.35 months for each case. These results appeared equally both when the environmental impact assessment was not include and when it was include. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted for each case to determine how important factors affect the payback period. As a result of the sensitivity analysis, the cost of the heat exchanger was identified as a major factor influencing the overall cost.
국제개발협력에서의 다자주의(Multilateralism) 위기에 대한 비판적 검토: 행위자와 규범의 제도화를 중심으로
손혁상(Hyuk-Sang Sohn),이일청(Ilcheong Yi),정수빈(Subin Jung) 한국국제정치학회 2020 國際政治論叢 Vol.60 No.2
최근 미국 트럼프행정부의 일방주의로의 회귀 등과 같이 다자주의의 위기로 해석될 수 있는 일련의 국제적 동향들이 늘어나고 있다. 국제개발협력에서도 다자성양자 원조(multi-bi aid) 등이 증가하면서 다자주의의 위기가 제기되고 있다. 과연 국제개발협력의 다자주의는 위기를 맞고 있는 것일까? 본 연구는 국제개발협력에서 다자주의 위기의 실체에 접근하기 위해, 다자주의 발생 배경과 경로, 그리고 행위자가 유사한 인권, 환경 분야와의 질적 비교분석을 시도하였다. 비교분석을 통해, 본 연구는 국제개발협력에서의 다자주의 위기는 근거가 미약함을 확인하였다. 국제개발협력에서 다자주의는 MDGs로부터 SDGs로의 변화를 거치며 보다 많은 행위자를 포괄하고, 다자기구의 수를 늘리고 그 역할을 강화하였다. 그 결과 개발 분야에서 다자주의 행위자는 공여국, 개발도상국, 국제기구, NGO, 기업 등으로 그 다양성이 증가했다. 또한 의제(agenda) 형성과 구속력 논의 및 실질 이행(implementation)에 있어서 다양한 참여자들에게 권한과 의무를 부여했다. 물론, 기존까지의 국제개발협력 다자 규범들이 법적 구속력이 미비하다는 점에서 제도화 차원에서의 한계를 보이기도 한다. 이 같은 상황에서도 개발 분야 다자 규범들은 도덕적, 정치적 의무를 점차 강화해나가고 있다는 점에서 다자 규범의 제도화는 점진적으로 진행되고 있다고 볼 수 있다. Today, as it marks the 75th of the anniversary of the United Nations, a series of international trends that can be interpreted as a crisis of multilateralism is increasing. As multi-bi aid increases, policymakers and scholars also raise the question on the multilateralism of overseas development assistance. Is multilateralism of International Development Cooperation in a crisis? To examine the argument for multilateralism crisis in International Development Cooperation, this study undertakes a qualitative analysis of the background and development process of multilateralism in the International Development Cooperation in comparison with human rights and environmental sectors. For the analysis, the study establishes an analytical framework which includes actors and institutionalization of norms and practices as key dimensions for the investigation through the research on theoretical discussions on multilateralism. This study concludes that the arguments for the crisis of multilateralism in international development discourse are weak. Multilateralism in international development discourse has changed from MDGs to SDGs, encompassing more actors, increasing the number of multilateral organizations and strengthening their responsibilities and capacities in the design and implementation of development projects. As a result, the diversity of actors genuinely involved in development projects has increased to include donors, recipients, international organizations, NGOs, and enterprises. These actors also have assumed various responsibilities and duties to set development agendas, make binding agreements, and implement the development projects. Indeed, the multilateral norms and practices in international development cooperation are not legally binding, which shows the limitation to the development of multilateralism in international development cooperation. Nevertheless, multilateralism in international development cooperation has been strengthened not weakened through the establishment of the moral and political obligations of more actors in the design and implementation of development projects.