Interpolation and Reconstruction of the Holocene Sea-levels Using Inverse Fractal Interpolation functions

정상용,김대철,이희일,CHUNG, SANG YONG,KIM, DAE CHOUL,YI, HI-IL The Korean Society of Oceanography 1994 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

The change of sea-level is a good indicator of the change of climate during the Quaternary period. The sea-levels in the world have been changing very irregularly during that time. The pattern of the Quaternary sea-level change was assumed to be a stochastic fractal in this study. We measured fractal dimensions of the Holocene sea-levels of the Hudson river estuary and the Delaware coast. A box counting method gave almost the same values. i.e., D=1.358 for the Hudson sea-level changes and D+1.346 for the Delaware sea-level changes. the ability of the inverse method of fractal interposea-levels. IFIF reproduction the realistic sea-levels for the both of them. The delaware sea-level data made less statistical errors for the interpolation of IFIF than the Hudson and the Delaware sea-levels. IFIF reproduction the realistic sea-levels for the both of them. The Delaware sea-level data made less statistical errors for the interpolation of IFIF than the Hudson sea-level data. This suggests that the Delaware sea-level data are more reliable than the Hudson sea-level data was calculated from the fractal dimension of the Delaware sea-level data. Fractal interpolation functions (FIF) was used to reconstruct the peleosea-levels of the Korean coasts and the Atlantic Ocean coasts of the United States. The Korean Peleosea-level change generacted by FIF is different from the peleosea-level change of the eastern U.S.. The Korean peleosea-levels are much higher than the eastern U.S. Paleosea-levels, comparing to each other from the present to 8,000 BP.

복합토양층의 불포화대와 포화대에서 연속주입 추적자시험을 이용한 수리분산특성 연구

정상용,강동환,이민희,손주형,Chung, Sang-Yong,Kang, Dong-Hwan,Lee, Min-Hee,Son, Joo-Hyong 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006 지하수토양환경 Vol.11 No.4

여러 개의 층으로 구성된 토양층에서 연속주입 추적자시험을 수행하여, 불포화대와 포화대 구간에서의 수리분산특성 차이를 추적자의 농도이력곡선, 시간에 따른 농도변화 및 농도변화율, 그리고 거리에 따른 농도비 분석을 통해 비교 연구하였다. 연속주입 추적자시험에 의하면, 약 160시간이 경과된 후에 불포화대와 포화대에서 Rhodamine WT 최대농도의 차이는 약 $13{\sim}15$배 정도에 달하였고, 시험시간 대 추적자 농도증가율의 차이는 약 10배 정도로 나타났다. 또한 시간에 따른 추적자 농도이력곡선의 변화와 농도변화율이 불포화대에 비하여 포화대에서 크게 나타났다. 주입공에서의 이격거리에 따른 추적자의 농도비는 포화대 구간에서 더 빠르게 선형적으로 감소하였으며, 그 이후에 농도비가 2배 이하로 완만해 지는데 걸린 시간은 포화대 구간이 더 길었다. 이러한 차이들은 여러 개의 층서로 구성된 토양층의 포화대에서는 지하수가 존재하며, 또한 매질의 불균질성이 크고 투수성이 다양하기 때문에, 비교적 균질한 층서를 이루는 불포화대에 비하여 추적자 용액의 농도는 낮고, 추적자의 확산이 느리게 진행되어진데서 기인하였다. 그리고 포화대 구간에서의 유효공극율은 $10.19{\sim}10.50%$, 종분산지수는 $0.80{\sim}l.98m$, 횡분산지수는 $0.02{\sim}0.04m$의 범위로 산정되었으며, 실내주상시험의 종분산지수와 비교할 때 12배 이상의 규모종속효과가 나타났다. Using a continuous injection tracer test at a multi-soil layer deposit, the difference of hydrodynamic dispersions in unsaturated and saturated zones were analyzed through breakthrough curves of Rhodamine WT, linear regression of concentration versus time, concentration variation rates versus time, and concentration ratio according to the distance from injection well. As a result of continuous injection tracer test, the difference of the maximum concentrations of Rhodamine WT in unsaturated and saturated zones were 13-15 times after 160 hours, and the increased rate of concentration versus time in unsaturated zone was about 10 times higher than in saturated zone. The fluctuation of Rhodamine WT breakthrough curve and concentration variation rate with time in saturated zone were larger than in unsaturated zone. Rhodamine WT concentration ratio with the distance from the injection well in saturation zone was linearly decreased faster than in unsaturated zone, and the elapsed time necessary for the concentration ratio less than 2 was longer in saturation zone. The differences resulted from the lower concentration and slower hydrodynamic dispersion of Rhodamine WT at the saturation zone of the multi-soil layer deposit, in which groundwater flow significantly flow and aquifer materials have high hydraulic heterogeneity. Effective porosity, longitudinal and transverse dispersivities were estimated $10.19{\sim}10.50%,\;0.80{\sim}1.98m$ and $0.02{\sim}0.04m$, respectively. The field longitudinal dispersivity is over 12 times larger than the laboratory longitudinal dispersivity by the scale-dependent effect.

부산 수영구 지하철 터널에서의 지하수 유출이 주변 지하수에 미치는 영향

정상용,김태형,박남식,Chung, Sang-Yong,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Park, Nam-Sik 한국지하수토양환경학회 2012 지하수토양환경 Vol.17 No.2

This study carried out several kinds of investigations such as geology, hydrogeology, groundwater level and quality, surface-water quality, and the quantity and quality of groundwater discharge from the subway to identify the causes of groundwater contamination around the subway tunnel at Suyeong District in Busan City. Geostatistical analyses were also conducted to understand the characteristics of groundwater level and quality distributions. There are Kwanganri Beach and Suyeong River in the study area, which are basically influenced by seawater. The total quantities of groundwater utilization and groundwater discharge from the subway tunnel in Suyeong District are 2,282,000 $m^3$/year, which is 2.4 times larger than the sustainable development yield of groundwater. The lowest groundwater level around the subway tunnel is about 32 m below the mean sea-level. The large drawdown of groundwater led to the inflow of seawater and salinized river water toward the subway tunnel, and therefore the quality of groundwater didn't satisfy the criteria of potable, domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. Distribution maps of groundwater level and qualities produced by kriging were very useful for determining the causes of groundwater contamination in the study area. The distribution maps of electrical conductivity, chloride and sulfate showed the extent of seawater intrusion and the forceful infiltration of the salinized Suyeong River. This study revealed that seawater and salinized river water infiltrated into the inland groundwater and contaminated the groundwater around the subway tunnel, because the groundwater level was seriously drawdowned by groundwater discharge from the subway tunnel. The countermeasure for the minimization of groundwater discharge from the subway tunnel is necessary to prevent the groundwater obstacles such as groundwater depletion, groundwater-quality deterioration, and land subsidence.

개선된 DRASTIC 기법과 퍼지기법을 이용한 밀양지역 지하수오염 취약성 평가

정상용,후삼 엘딘 엘자인,벤카트라마난 세나파티,박계헌,권해우,유인걸,오해림,Chung, Sang Yong,Elzain, Hussam Eldin,Senapathi, Venkatramanan,Park, Kye-Hun,Kwon, Hae-Woo,Yoo, In Kol,Oh, Hae Rim 한국지하수토양환경학회 2018 지하수토양환경 Vol.23 No.4

The purpose of this study is to improve the Original DRASTIC Model (ODM) for the assessment of groundwater contamination vulnerability on the GIS platform. Miryang City of urban and rural features was selected for the study area to accomplish the research purpose. Advanced DRASTIC Model (ADM) was developed adding two more DRASTIC factors of lineament density and landuse to ODM. The fuzzy logic was also applied to ODM and ADM to improve their ability in evaluating the groundwater contamination vulnerability. Although the vulnerability map of ADM was a little simpler than that of ODM, it increased the area of the low vulnerability sector. The groundwater vulnerability maps of ODM and ADM using DRASTIC Indices represented the more detailed descriptions than those from the overlap of thematic maps, and their qualities were improved by the application of fuzzy technique. The vulnerability maps of ODM, ADM and FDM was evaluated by NO3-N concentrations in the study area. It was proved that ADM including lineament density and landuse factors produced a more reliable groundwater vulnerability map, and fuzzy ADM (FDM) made the best detailed groundwater vulnerability map with the significant statistical results.

부산시 좌천동 단열암반층에서 자연구배 추적자시험을 이용한 수리분산특성 연구

정상용 ( Sang Yong Chung ),강동환 ( Dong Hwan Kang ),김병우 ( Byung Woo Kim ) 대한지질공학회 2006 지질공학 Vol.16 No.3

부산시 좌천동의 단열암반층에서 자연구배 추적자시험으로 브롬이온농도를 관측하여 심도별 단열발달 상태에 따른 수리분산특성을 비교하였으며, 단열암반층의 유효공극율과 종분산지수를 추정하였다. 수직적인 수리분산특성의 차이는 브롬이온의 농도이력곡선, 관측심도별 브롬이온농도와 시간에 대한 선형회귀분석 및 관측지점별 수리단열특성을 이용하여 규명되었다. 관측공 내 지표면하 18 m(RQD 13%, 평균절리간격 2 cm, TCR 100%) 지점이 주입지점에서의 이격거리가 짧고 단열이 더욱 발달되어 있었기 때문에 25 m(RQD 41%, 평균절리간격 7 cm, TCR 100%) 지점보다 추적자가 빨리 도달하였으며, 초기농도와 최고농도가 더 높게 나타났다. 최고농도도달 전후의 농도변화에 의하면, 추적자가 최고농도도달시까지는 주로 1차 단열을 통해 이송되었고, 최고농도도달 이후에는 2차 단열을 통해 이송되거나 기질확산에 의한 수리분산이 진행되었다. 선형회귀분석에 의한 지표면하 18 m 지점에서 브롬이온농도의 증가/감소 기울기는 3.46/-1.57이며, 지표면하 25 m 지점에서는 3.19/-0.47로서 파쇄가 더 심한 지표면하 18 m 지점에서의 용질이송이 빠르게 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 농도이력곡선에서 브롬이온의 농도증가 형태는 가우시안함수로 나타나고, 농도감소 형태는 기질확산에 의한 꼬리효과(tailing effect)로 인해 지수함수로 나타났다. CATTI 코드를 이용하여 추정한 단열암반층의 유효공극율은 10.5%, 종분산지수는 0.85 m이었다. Using a natural gradient tracer test, the characteristics of hydrodynamic dispersion according to each depth of a fractured rock were studied, and the effective porosity and longitudinal dispersivity of the fractured rock were estimated. The difference of vertical hydrodynamic dispersion was identified by concentration breakthrough curves, linear regression analyses of bromide concentrations according to depths versus time, and hydraulic fracture characteristics at two intervals of the monitoring well. Higher concentration and faster arrival time at GL- 18 m depth (RQD 13%, average joint spacing 2 cm, TCR 100%) than at GL- 25 m depth (RQD 41%, average joint spacing 7 cm, TCR 100%) resulted from shorter distance and more fractures. Tracer was transported through the 1st fractures until the arrival of its peak concentration and through the 2nd fractures or matrix diffusion after the arrival of its peak concentration. The increase/decrease slopes of bromide concentration versus time were 3.46/-1.57 at GL-18 m depth and 3.19/-0.47 at GL- 25 m depth of the monitoring well. So the faster bromide transport was confirmed at GL- 18 m depth with more fractures. The concentration increment of bromide was fitted by a Gaussian function, and the concentration decrement of bromide was fitted by an exponential function. Effective porosity and longitudinal dispersivity estimated by CATTI code were 10.50% and 0.85 m, respectively.

부산지역 지하수 오염현황 분석을 위한 지구통계 기법의 응용

정상용 ( Sang Yong Chung ),강동환 ( Dong Hwan Kang ),박희영 ( Hee Young Park ),심병완 ( Byoung Wan Shim ) 대한지질공학회 2000 지질공학 Vol.10 No.3

터널 굴착에 의한 화강암 대수층의 수리 수문 및 지하수위변동 분석

정상용 ( Sang Yong Chung ),김병우 ( Byung Woo Kim ),강동환 ( Dong Hwan Kang ),심병완 ( Byoung Ohan Shim ),정상원 ( Sang Won Cheong ) 대한지질공학회 2007 지질공학 Vol.17 No.4

수락산 터널지역 내 8개 시추공에서 조사된 기반암의 평균 수리전도도 2.64×10-8m/sec, 평균 RQD 78%, 평균공극율 0.51% 및 지하수위는 77.06~125.97 m의 범위이었다. 지하수위와 표고간의 회귀분석 결과를 이용하여 수락산 터널 지역내 두 개의 정상부에서 지하수위를 추정하여 구한 터널 구간의 평균적인 수평수리경사는 0.267 이었다. 수락산 터널 구간에서 현장투수시험에 의해 구해진 최소 수리전도도는 5.56×10-9m/sec, 최대 수리전도도는 6.12×10(-8)m/sec, 평균 수리전도도는 2.64×10(-8) m/sec 이었다. 최소, 최대 및 평균 수리전도도와 평균적인 수평수리경사를 이용하여 산정된 수락산터널 구간 내에서의 단위 길이 당 지하수 유출량은 각각 0.00585 m2/day, 0.06434 m2/day 및 0.02775 m2/day 이었다. 물수지분석에 의한 연구지역 내 단위함양유역 당 순수지하수함양율은 224 mm/yr로 산정되었다. 터널굴착이 완료된 후 최소, 최대 및 평균 수리전도도를 적용한 지하수위 변동예측 모사에 의하면 수리전도도가 낮을수록 터널 내로의 유출량은 적었지만, 지하수위 강하량은 크게 나타났다. 그리고, 최대 수리전도도를 적용한 모사 시에는 터널로의 유출량이 크지만, 대수층으로의 충진이 빠르게 발생하여 지하수위가 짧은 시간에 회복되었다. Average hydraulic conductivity was 2.64× 10(-8) m/sec, average RQD was 78%, average porosity was 0.51%, and range of groundwater level was 77.06~125.97 m by measured in 8 boreholes at the Surak Mt. tunnel area. Groundwater level of two peaks in the Surak Mt. tunnel area were estimated through linear regression analysis for groundwater level versus elevation. And, average horizontal hydraulic gradient in the Surak Mt. tunnel area was calculated 0.267. Minimum, maximum, and average hydraulic conductivities that estimated by field tests were 5.56× 10(-9) m/ sec, 6.12× 10(-8) m/sec, and 2.64× 10(-8) m/sec, respectively. Groundwater discharge rates per 1 meter that estimated using minimum, maximum, and average hydraulic conductivities and average horizontal hydraulic gradient were 0.00585 m2/day, 0.06434 m2/day, and 0.02775 m2/day, respectively. Pure groundwater recharge rate per unit recharge area was calculated 223.96 mm/yr through water balance analysis. Prediction simulation of groundwater level fluctuation with minimum, maximum, and average hydraulic conductivities were conducted. Discharge rate into the Surak Mt. tunnel for minimum hydraulic conductivity was small, but groundwaer drawdown was highly. Discharge rate into the Surak Mt. tunnel for maximum hydraulic conductivity was higher, but groundwaer level was recovered quickly.

종격동 림프절종대를 동반한 전신성 홍반성 루푸스

정상용 ( Sang Yong Chung ),신동우 ( Dong Woo Shin ),신재욱 ( Jae Wook Shin ),천정현 ( Jeong Hyun Chun ),김진휘 ( Jin Hwi Kim ),정종익 ( Jong Ik Jeong ),권덕호 ( Duk Ho Kwun ),신미경 ( Mi Kyung Shin ),송태의 ( Tae Eui Song ) 대한류마티스학회 1999 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Approximately half of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) develop localized or diffuse lymphadenopathy during the evolution of the disease. But hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement due to SLE is rare. The histologic findings of lupus lymphadenitis range from nonspecific lymphadenitis with variable degrees of cellular necrosis to the less common but more specific appearance of extensive necrosis. Advanced lesions are characterized by hematoxylin bodies and condensation of DNA on the vessel walls. Hematoxylin bodies are amorphous homogeneous violet or lilac colored structures composed of partially depolymerized DNA, mixed with protein, carbohydrates and globulins which may be seen deposited on vessel walls and within the paracortex of lymph node. They are virtually diagnostic of SLE and would exclude malignant lymphoma. SLE with mediastinal lymphadenopathy is rare so we report this case with a review of literatures, which was diagnosed by hematoxylin bodies on pathologic findings of cervical lymph node.

Application of Fractal Interpolation Functions for Modeling Hydraulic Conductivity Distributions

Sang Yong Chung(정상용),S.W. Wheatcraft 대한지질학회 1993 지질학회지 Vol.29 No.2

지구과학 ; 부산 석대 폐기물 매립지 일원의 수질 환경

정상용(Sang Yong Chung),권해우(Hae Woo Kweon),이강근(Kang Kun Lee),김윤영(Yoon Young Kim) 부경대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 부경대 기초과학연구논문집 Vol.1 No.-