Effects of $Cu^{++}-Catalyzed$ Peroxidation on Collagen Gelation

정명희,김명석,이정수,Chung, Myung-Hee,Kim, Myung-Suk,Lee, Chung-Soo The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1983 대한약리학잡지 Vol.19 No.2

reactive oxygen species에 의해 나타나는 reactivity에 있어서 metal ions이 관여함이 시사되고 있다. 이미 알려진 reactive oxygen species와 metal ions의 상호작용 이외에 특히 $Cu^{++}$과 $H_2O_2$가 강력한 peroxidative action을 나타낸다는 사실이 알려져 있으며 $Cu^{++}-H_2O_2$가 biological system 에서의 조직파괴에 관여할 가능성이 저자들에 의해서 효소 및 조직치 구조 단백질의 gradation 효과를 관찰함으로써 시사되었다. 본 연구는 $H_2O_2$ 혹은 $H_2O_2$를 생성하는 효소계(xanthine과 xanthine oxidase 및 glucose과 glucose oxidase)에 $Cu^{++}$을 첨가하여 $Cu^{++}-H_2O_2$에 의한 peroxidation의 효과를 collagen gelation을 통하여 확인코저 수행하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) $Cu^{++}(20\;{\mu}M)$과 $H_2O_2$에 의하며 collagen gelation은 현저히 억제되었으며 이같은 억제효과는 양자의 농도에 비례하였다. 2) $Cu^{++}-H_2O_2$ reactivity를 확인하는 다른 방법으로 glucose oxidase system를 이용하였다. glucose oxidase$(2.5{\mu}g/ml)$ 와 glucose(0.5 mM)는 collagen gelation에 영향을 미치지 않았으나 이에 $Cu^{++}$이 존재하면 gelation이 억제되었다. 이때 억제정도는 $glucose(0.125{\sim}l.25\;mM)$와 $Cu^{++}$의 농도에 비례하였다. 3) 여러 reactive oxygen species 가운데 $Cu^{++}-H_2O_2$ reactivity를 xanthine oxidase system을 이용하여 확인하였다. (a) collagen gelation은 xanthine oxidase(30 munits/ml)와 xanthine$(0.25{\sim}2\;mM)$에 의하여 억제되었다. (b) 이때 나타나는 collagen gelation의 억제는 superoxide dismutase에 의하여 완전히 회복되었으나 catalase에 의해서는 더욱 촉진되었다. 그러나 catalase에 의한 억제효과의 촉진은 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane에 의하여 완전히 소실되었다. 따라서 이 xanthine oxidase system에서는 $O_2-,\;H_2O_2,\;^1O_2$이 관여함을 알 수 있었다. (c) 그러나 $Cu^{++}(10\;{\mu}M)$이 존재하였을 때 collagen gelation은 superoxie dismutase에 의해 더욱 억제되었고 catalase에 의해서는 완전히 회복되었다. xanthine oxidase계에서 얻어진 결과는 여러 reactive oxygen species가운데 $H_2O_2$가 $Cu^{++}$에 의하여 peroxidation효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 reactive oxygen species와 metal ions과의 상호작용 가운데 $Cu^{++}-H_2O_2$는 강한 반응을 나타내는 특이한 구성요소이고 헌재 시사되고 있는 reactive oxygen species의 biological effects에 비추어 $Cu^{++}-catalyzed peroxidation$도 병적상태에서 생체에 유해한 작용을 나타내는 요소임을 시사하며 특히 염증시 조직파괴역할에 관하여 고찰하였다.

Evidence for Singlet Oxygen Involvement in Cell-free Myeloperoxidase/$H_2O_2$/ Chloride Sytem: Exclusion of Hydroxyl Radical Involvement

정명희,김용식,Chung Myung-Hee,Kim Yong-Sik The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1984 대한약리학잡지 Vol.20 No.1

The present study was performed to determine oxygen metabolites involved in cell-free MPO/$H_2O_2/Cl^-$ system by observing the effects of their scavengers on NADH oxidation and ethylene production from methional by the action of MPO prepared from human leukocytes. It was clearly demonstrated that NADH was oxidized by the cell-free MPO/$H_2O_2/Cl^-$ system as evidenced by complete inhibition of the oxidation of the substrate in the presence of eiher azide or catalase, or by omitting $Cl^-$. The MPO-mediated oxidation of NADH was completely abolished by a $^1O_2$ quencher, DABCO but not by $OH{\cdot}$ scavengers, mannitol, benzoate, formate and methanol. In ethylene assay, no ethylene was detected from methional in the MPO/$H_2O_2/Cl^-$ system with evident production of the gas by xanthine-oxidase and $Cu^{++}-H_2O_2$ systems which are suggested to generate $OH{\cdot}$. From the results obtained, it is concluded that $^1O_2$ is a major mediator with exclusion of $OH{\cdot}$ involvement in the cell-free MPO-mediated oxidation. 인체 백혈구에서 추출한 myeloperoxidase(MPO)에 의한 NADH산화 및 methional에서의 ethylene 생성을 관찰하여 cell-free MPO/$H_2O_2/Cl^-$ system에서 관여하는 oxygen metabolites가 무엇인지를 규명하기 위하여 본 실험을 수행하였다. 1) NADH는 MPO/$H_2O_2/Cl^-$에 의하여 산화됨을 확인하였다. 즉 MPO, $H_2O_2$ 및 $Cl^-$가 존재하는 medium에서 NADH의 산화는 azide와 catalase에 의하여, 그리고 medium에서 $Cl^-$를 제거하였을 때 완전히 제거되었다. 2) 이와같은 MPO/$H_2O_2/Cl^-$에 의한 NADH산화는 $^1O_2$ 제거물질인 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2) octane(DABCO)에 의하여 완전히 억제 되었으나 $OH{\cdot}$의 제거물질인 mannitol, benzoate, formate 및 methanol에 의해서는 영향을 받지 아니하였다. 3) 또한 methinal을 MPO/$H_2O_2/Cl^-$으로 처리하였을 때는 ethylene이 전혀 검출되지 아니하였으나 기타 $OH{\cdot}$을 생성할 것으로 알려진 산화계인 xanthine/xanthine oxidase 및 $Ca^{++}-H_2O_2$에 의해서는 현저한 ethylene생성을 관찰하였다. 이상의 결과는 Cell-free MPO/$H_2O_2/Cl^-$ 산화계에서는 $^1O_2$이 산화반응에 관여하는 주된 산소 대사물이며 $OH{\cdot}$은 생성되지 아니함을 알 수 있었다.

한국인의 유당 분해효소

정명희,황석귀,김윤수,송정식 ( Myung Hee Chung,Suck Kuy Whang,Yoon Soo Kim,Chung Suk Song ) 생화학분자생물학회 1973 BMB Reports Vol.6 No.3

Twenty six oral lactose tolerance tests were performed in 21 healthy subjects and five patients. Each subjects were given 50gm of lactose in 300m1 of water. Venous blood sugar was measured at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. All 26 subjects showed a rise in blood sugar less than 25㎎ per 100㎖ (flat curve) above the fasting level. At least one or more of G. I. symptoms such as bloating, abdominal cramps and/or diarrheas were experienced by all subjects during and/or after the tests. Additional glucose and galactose tolerance tests performed in 3 subjects were normal and this excluded the possibility of absorptive defect in these individuals. In order to determine the lactase activity of the Korean adults, peroral mucosal suction biopsies were done in another 10 subjects who were randomly selected. In all the subjects, the activities of lactase were absent whereas those of sucrose were normal. The majority, if not all, of Korean adults are expected to have lactase deficiency.

Lactase Deficiency In Korean Adults

정명희,황석귀,김윤수,송정석,Chung, Myung-Hee,Whang, Suck-Kuy,Kim, Yoon-Soo,Song, Chung-Suk 생화학분자생물학회 1973 한국생화학회지 Vol.6 No.3

유당 분해 효소 lactase의 활성도는 일반적으로 분만과 동시에 최고치에 달하고 이유와 동시에 그 활성도는 서서히 떨어져서 성인에 이르르면 lactase 활성도는 민족에 따라서 다른 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그 원인이 그 민족의 환경 및 식사습성과의 관계 혹은 민족적 유전인자의 차이로 인한 것으로 설명하려 하고 있으나 어느쪽이 옳은 설명인지는 아직 모른다. 주위 환경과 음식 습성 및 민족의 기원이 상이한 한국인에 대한 이런 실험 보고는 아직 없기에 한국 성인을 대상으로 소정의 실험을 시도 하였다. 한국 성인에 유당을 부하하면 100%에서 유당분해효소 lactase가 결핍으로 오는 저혈당치를 보였으며 또한 한국성인에서 경구적으로 multipurpose rubin tube를 사용해서 얻은 생체 부검 조직내의 설탕분해 효소 sucrase는 정상치 인데 비하여 유당 분해 효소 lactase치는 실험대상 전원에서 그 활성도를 찾아 볼수 없었다. 이 원인이 한국인의 환경과 식이 습성에서 유래한 것인지 또는 조상때 부터 민족적인 어떤 유전인자 관계인지는 다른 민족에서 보고 된것 처럼 그 기전은 아직 모른다. Twenty six oral lactose tolerance tests were performed in 21 healthy subjects and five patients. Each subjects were given 50gm of lactose in 300ml of water. Venous blood sugar was measured at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. All 26 subjects showed a rise in blood sugar less than 25mg per 100ml (fiat curve) above the fasting level. At least one or more of G. I. symptoms such as bloating, abdominal cramps and/or diarrheas were experienced by all subjects during and/or after the tests. Additional glucose and galactose tolerance tests performed in 3 subjects were normal and this excluded the possibility of absorptive defect in these individuals. In order to determine the lactase activity of the Korean adults, peroral mucosal suction biopsies were done in another 10 subjects who were randomly selected. In all the subjects, the activities of lactase were absent whereas those of sucrase were normal. The majority, if not all, of Korean adults are expected to have lactase deficiency.

소기도 질환의 영상소견

정명희 ( Myung Hee Chung ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2005 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.59 No.2

직선적 내러티브와 공간적 구성의 내러티브

정명희 ( Myung Hee Chung ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2010 제임스조이스저널 Vol.16 No.1

The Years is often criticized as a retrogressively realistic novel, or, if it is an experimental piece, as a failure. But these criticisms are mostly due to assumptions of Virginia Woolf`s so-called visionary novels such as Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, and The Waves. Now, it is time to evaluate The Years itself as an independent and experimental work. Woolf as a writer is deeply concerned with aesthetic theories of the novel. She thought that the traditional Victorian novel was too much immersed in what is called life and forgets its own aesthetic functions. Thus, she tries to upgrade the novel to its proper aesthetic territory. The Years is her effort to transform the linear narrative of the novel into a spatial one which is a more inclusive artistic form. By using the methods of scene making and double perspective, her novel builds up many different shapes of space out of time. But this spatial narrative may be rather static. Woolf uses the old literary method of repetition in a rather exaggerated way. She almost forces repetition in every possible level of the novel, such as scenes, ideas, words and phrases both of the characters and the narrator, This is the most difficult part to come to terms with in the novel. But this persistent usage of repetition does give it a needed "sense of movement and change" (MB 79). She, however, does not change the novel only on the formal level. It also incorporates elements of the essay-form within the novel and discusses general and metaphysical ideas instead of specific and individual issues. Her novel is not obsessed with human beings or their materialistic ways of life anymore. Its horizons become wider, enough to contain not only the human perspective, but also the inhuman as well. Still, The Years can be so dramatic and involves the reader into its own narrative. Even if there is no clear resolution at the end of the novel, it makes one ask the same urgent question with the characters, how human beings can improve their quality of life coming out of Plato`s caves.

의복과 건강 : 인체의 온열생리적 관점에서

정명희(Myung-Hee Chung) 한국생활환경학회 2003 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.10 No.4

『막간』: 버지니아 울프와 현실 세계

정명희 ( Myung Hee Chung ) 국민대학교 어문학연구소 2004 語文學論叢 Vol.23 No.-

경기북부지역 섬유패션업체 실태 분석에 관한 연구

정명희(Myung-Hee Chung),이규건(Kyu-Keon Lee),신정화(Jeoung-Hwa Shin) 한국의상디자인학회 2011 한국의상디자인학회지 Vol.13 No.3

『제이콥의 방』-버지니아 울프와 월터 페이터

정명희 ( Myung Hee Chung ) 한국영어영문학회 2013 영어 영문학 Vol.59 No.2

Jacob`s Room is a self-reflexive novel on how to write without using the conventional forms of novel-writing. In this work, she exhibits a double narrative: the life of Jacob is narrated and, at the same time, there is a story of how to represent Jacob in her writing. In Jacob`s story, Jacob feels depressed because of his overwhelming sense of belatedness in front of the old civilization and fails to achieve his own proper self-identity. The narrator, however, utilizes her own sense of belatedness to her advantage and perfects a new modern novel in the work. Woolf thematizes her aesthetic theory in the novel and problematizes the realistic notion of reality. She suggests Paterian impressions as an alternative. Her impressions do not represent a simple shift from an external reality to an inner and subjective reality. Nor is her new form experimental because it rejects having a traditional plot and character. Her new reality, “life itself”, includes the ordering and organizing process of the mind and, thus, she has to incorporate it in representing her character. What is called objective reality to her is an empty room whose “wall” or “envelop” is already “composed” by the cultural classification system. Woolfian imaginative writer can always find a pattern in the chaotic and atomic flood of impressions, which are impersonal in the first place. The task of modern writer is not to find a new subject matter and invent a new form. It is to create Jacob`s room, a geometric space in which we can make connections between opposites and contradictions, such as reality and fiction, life and death.