석유 및 석탄화학의 대보수작업중 벤젠노출 특성 비교

정은교 ( Eun Kyo Chung ),유계묵,신정아 ( Jung Ah Shin ),권지운 ( Ji Woon Kwon ),박현희 ( Hyun Hee Park ),정광재 ( Kwang Jae Chung ),이인섭 ( Seop In Lee ),강성규 ( Seong Kyu Kang ),류향우 ( Hyang Woo Ryu ),김영선 ( Yong Sun Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2010 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.20 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the benzene exposure levels in coal chemical and petrochemical refining industries during BTX turnaround (TA) processes where benzene was being produced. Three companies producing benzene were selected, one coal chemical and two petrochemical industries. TA processes were classified into three stages: shut down, maintenance, and start up. Data was analyzed by classifying the refining method into 2 groups (Petrochemistry, Coal chemistry) for 823 workers. Comparing the data from petrochemical industries with data from a coal chemical refining industry, while benzene concentration levels of long-term samples during TA were not statistically different (p>0.05), those levels of short-term samples were significantly different (p<0.001). About 4.79 % of data in petrochemical industries exceed the occupational exposure limits (OELs) of benzene, 1 ppm. In a coal refining methods, about 15.7% exceeded the benzene OELs. The benzene concentrations in maintenance and start up stage of TA for petrochemical refineries were higher than those in a coal chemical refinery (p<0.01). These findings suggest that the coal chemical refining site requires more stringent work practice controls compare to petrochemical refining sites during TA processes. Personal protective equipments including organic respirators should be used by TA workers to protect them from benzene over-exposure.

반도체 제조 근로자의 극저주파 자기장 노출 평가

정은교 ( Eun Kyo Chung ),김갑배 ( Kab Bae Kim ),정광재 ( Kwang Jae Chung ),이인섭 ( In Seop Lee ),유기호 ( Ki Ho You ),박정선 ( Jung Sun Park ) 한국산업위생학회 2012 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives: To compare the exposure level of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields among semiconductor workers, shipyard welders and office workers. Methods: To measure the ELF magnetic field concentration, EMDEX LITE (Enertech, USA) were used and monitored for eight hours continuously. Five companies handling the electric and magnetic field (EMF) source were investigated, which the exposure groups were classified into three groups: semiconductor workers, welders, and office workers. Welder group was chosen as a high exposed group and office group as a low exposed group. Results: The arithmetic mean (± SD) and geometric mean (GSD) of personal exposure level of semiconductor workers were 0.73 (± 1.33) μT, 0.43 (2.88) μT, respectively. The ceiling value ranged between 0.18 and 123.2 μT. Welders were exposed high with the arithmetic mean value of 3.46 (± 13.46) μT and geometric mean value of 0.45 (4.70) μT, respectively, and ceiling value range of 75.5~129.6 μT. The exposure levels of office workers were low compared to other exposed groups; the arithmetic mean 0.05 (± 0.13) μT, geometric mean 0.03 (2.38) μT and ceiling value range 0.37~3.35 μT. This study revealed statistically significant differences of the mean ELF magnetic field exposure doses among three groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The average ELF magnetic field exposure doses of semiconductor workers were much higher than those of office workers in control group, but were lower than those of welders in high exposure group.

선박에서의 석면 사용실태 연구

박승현 ( Seung Hyun Park ),정은교 ( Eun Kyo Chung ),권지운 ( Ji Woon Kwon ),김갑배 ( Kab Bae Kim ),정광재 ( Kwang Jae Chung ),이광용 ( Gwang Yong Yi ),신정아 ( Jung Ah Shin ),이인섭 ( In Seop Lee ),강성규 ( Seong Kyu Kang ) 한국산업위생학회 2011 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) used on ships and to consider measures for preventing worker exposure to asbestos fibers. Methods: A total of 17 ships including 16 ships under repair and a ship under construction at shipyards in Korea were investigated. Bulk samples were collected from suspected ACMs on engine exhaust pipes, boiler steam pipes, generator exhaust pipes, and etc. in ships in order to identify the presence of ACMs. Types and contents of asbestos were determined using polarized light microscopy (PLM). Results: ACMs were found from 14 ships out of 17 ships investigated. Only chrysotile asbestos was found from all samples. ACMs were mainly found from samples collected at the exhaust pipes of the engine, generator and incinerator, and boiler steam pipes where exhaust gases or steam of high temperature pass through. In most cases, types of ACMs were asbestos-containing fabrics such as asbestos tape. Friable ACMs were also found in some cases. Use of ACMs on ships was relevant to built time and owner of the ships rather than type and tonnage of the ships. Conclusions: ACMs were found from most ships built prior to 2000s. Therefore, measures for preventing asbestos-related diseases such as preparation of asbestos map on the ship and installation of warning signs, hazard communication with workers (ship-repairing workers, engine room workers and etc.), and follow-up for worker`s health management are needed.

음향도구 착용 근로자의 소음노출 실태에 관한 연구

김갑배(Kab Bae Kim),유계묵(Kye Mook Yoo),이인섭(In Seop Lee),정광재(Kwang Jae Chung) 한국소음진동공학회 2011 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.4

There are hundreds of thousands call center workers wearing acoustic device. However, researches and noise exposure measurements on the noise transmitted from acoustic devices have seldom been performed due to difficulty of measurement and to the absence of the measuring method in Korea. The aim of this study is set up management measures to protect hearing loss on the call operator by acquiring measurement data of noise transmitted from the headset. Noise exposure measurements of 17 operators were performed in 7 call centers and Head and Torso Simulator method in compliance with the ISO Standard 11904-2 was used for the measurement of noise transmitted from the headset. Sound pressure levels(SPL) transmitted from the headset were 73.2~86 dB(A). The operator exposed to the highest SPL set up his volume control at 9 which was the highest volume level. The volume control level, adjustable from 1 to 9, could be identified 12 out of 17 operators and the range of volume levels was 4.5~9. As a result of Pearson Correlation Analysis, the correlation between volume level and SPL transmitted form the headset showed relation as significance at the 0.672 level(p<0.05). To protect hearing loss of call center operators, it is more practical and effective measure to limit the volume level below the noise exposure level, i.e. 85 dB(A), rather than to carry out noise monitoring considering cost-effective aspect.

콜센터 근로자의 청력역치에 영향을 미치는 요인

유계묵 ( Kye Mook Yoo ),김갑배 ( Kab Bae Kim ),정광재 ( Kwang Jae Chung ),김규상 ( Kyoo Sang Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2011 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Objectives: Hundreds of thousands of call center workers are wearing an acoustic device for their businesses, such as telemarketing and customer counseling, and the number of the workers are increasing sharply. Because call center workers always talk to dozens of customers over the headset, they would be placed under the state of a higher risk with their hearing ability. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that affect the hearing thresholds for the call center workers. Methods: This study investigated hearing losses of 101 workers of 5 call centers in Korea by executing puretone audiometry and self-administered questionnaires. A cross table analysis was processed to compare gender differences between male and female. Male and female hearing thresholds were compared with the Students` t-test, and one-way ANOVA was conducted to observe the difference between non-occupational and occupational characteristics in 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz hearing thresholds for the female workers. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was conducted to find the factors that affect the 4 kHz hearing thresholds. Results and Conclusions Results and Conclusions: Male hearing thresholds were higher than those of female except for 8 kHz. In the group having an ear related disease, hearing threshold of male left ear was highly affected rather than that of female in 4 kHz. There were significant differences in the variables of alcohol drinking (2 kHz) and headset volume (8 kHz) in both ears. While this study does not show any significant factors that affect the hearing thresholds in the occupational characteristics, the gender and the previous ear related diseases, non-occupational characteristics, were found as the factors in 4 kHz. It is suggested that the more detailed survey be performed to identify the occupational factors that affect the hearing thresholds in the call center workers based on the result derived from this study.

음향도구 착용 근로자의 소음노출 실태에 관한 연구

김갑배(Kim, Kab-Bae),유계묵(Yoo, Kye-Mook),이인섭(Lee, In-Seop),정광재(Chung, Kwang-Jae) 한국소음진동공학회 2011 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.21 No.7

There are hundreds of thousands call center workers wearing acoustic device. However, researches and noise exposure measurements on the noise transmitted from acoustic devices have seldom been performed due to the difficulty of measurement and to the absence of the measuring method in Korea. The aim of this study is to set up management measures to protect hearing loss on the call operator by acquiring measurement data of noise transmitted from the headset. Noise exposure measurements of 17 operators were performed in 7 call centers and head and Torso simulator method in compliance with the ISO standard 11904-2 was used for the measurement of noise transmitted from the headset. Sound pressure levels(SPL) transmitted from the headset were 73.2~86 dB(A). The operator exposed to the highest SPL set up his volume control at 9 which was the highest volume level. The volume control level, adjustable from 1 to 9, could be identified 12 out of 17 operators and the range of volume levels was 4.5~9. As a result of pearson correlation analysis, the correlation between volume level and SPL transmitted from the headset showed high relation as significance at the 0.672 level(p<0.05). To protect hearing loss of call center operators, it is more practical and effective measure to limit the volume level below the noise exposure level, i.e. 85 dB(A), rather than to carry out noise monitoring considering cost-effective aspect.

전자산업 공정에서 사용한 부품, 기계류 세정(cleaning) 작업 안전보건 가이드

이승희 ( Seunghee Lee ),김소연 ( Soyeon Kim ),조경이 ( Kyung Ehi Zoh ),황영우 ( Yeong Woo Hwang ),이경희 ( Kyong-hui Lee ),정광재 ( Kwang Jae Chung ),박동욱 ( Dong-uk Park ) 한국산업보건학회 2023 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Objectives: This study aims to develop an Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) guide for the safe cleaning of contaminated machinery, equipment, and parts used in the electronics manufacturing process. Methods: A literature review, field investigations, and discussions were conducted. An initial draft of an OSH guide was developed and reviewed by experts with significant experience in maintenance work in the electronics manufacturing process in order to refine the guide. Results: Workers involved in cleaning processes with chemicals, solvents, and abrasive blasting can face exposure to a wide range of chemicals, abrasives, and noise. Identifying potential risks associated with each cleaning technique was an essential first step toward enhancing safety measures. The OSH guide comprises approximately eleven to twelve sections spanning 20-25 pages. It includes engineering and administrative protocols systematically organized to address the necessary actions before, during, and after cleaning tasks, depending on the technique. It is recommended that airline respirator masks be used in conjunction with an air purification system to ensure adherence to air quality standard D for atmosphere level. The use of an oil-free air compressor is advised, preferably a stationary model that does not rely on fuel sources like diesel. Conclusions: This OSH guide is designed to protect workers involved in maintenance activity in the electronics industry and aligns with global standards, such as those from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Semiconductor Equipment and Material International, ensuring a higher level of safety and compliance.