딥러닝 학습을 이용한 한글 글꼴 자동 제작 시스템에서 글자 쌍의 매핑 기준 평가

전자연,지영서,박동연,임순범 한국멀티미디어학회 2020 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.23 No.7

Hangul is a language that is composed of initial, medial, and final syllables. It has 11,172 characters. For this reason, the current method of designing all the characters by hand is very expensive and time-consuming. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes an automatic Hangul font generation system and evaluates the standards for mapping Hangul characters to produce an effective automated Hangul font generation system. The system was implemented using character generation engine based on deep learning CycleGAN. In order to evaluate the criteria when mapping characters in pairs, each criterion was designed based on Hangul structure and character shape, and the quality of the generated characters was evaluated. As a result of the evaluation, the standards designed based on the Hangul structure did not affect the quality of the automated Hangul font generation system. On the other hand, when tried with similar characters, the standards made based on the shape of Hangul characters produced better quality characters than when tried with less similar characters. As a result, it is better to generate automated Hangul font by designing a learning method based on mapping characters in pairs that have similar character shapes

現代日本語における副詞の感動詞用法をめぐって -「ちょっと」の主観化を中心に-

전자연 한국일본언어문화학회 2019 일본언어문화 Vol.46 No.-

. This study focuses on chotto among the adverbs that are interjectionally used and describes the process of how the meaning and function of adverbs has derived from adverbial usage to interjectional usage in case of increased subjectification. (1)Chotto precedes the predication and indicates low degree or small quantity. (2)The acquisition of affective meaning by chotto is probably enabled by contexts in which speaker’s negative feelings or attitude to the addressee. In such uses, it appears to have lost its original meaning, small extent as an adverb. Chotto occurs without a predicate as a response but it is not procedural with interjectional meaning. (3)Chotto is used as an interjection to call someone casually. It occurs in clause-initial position. Moreover, it can stand alone as an utterance. It functions at a discourse expressive level. As addressed above, chotto illustrates increased subjectification; originating in a clause-internal degree modifier (i.e. propositional function), it comes to show the speaker’s emotional involvement as an interjection (i.e. expressive function).

現代日本語における「場合」の用法

전자연 한국일본언어문화학회 2018 일본언어문화 Vol.44 No.-

This paper describes the various usage of baai in modern Japanese and aims to consider the syntactic functions of baai in each usage. The results are summarized as follows. (1) Baai has three syntactic functions as <formal noun>, <conjunctive particle>, <modal auxiliary>, depending on how it behaves in sentences. These syntactic functions are common in that can not stand alone in sentences as an independent part of speech and become a component of a sentence by itself. (2) In the usage of a formal noun, basically, baai is qualified with an adnominal modifier indicating action, state, and situation, and expresses an external situation surrounding the event of the predicate. (3) In the usage of a conjunctive particle, baai are part of the grammatical morphology attached to a subordinate clause. It is interesting to baai can used in both of temporal and conditional subordinate clause. (4) In the usage of a modal auxiliary, it predates exclusively in the form of baai-dewanai. and expresses the negative evaluation of the speaker, that the action is inappropriate for the current situation.

副詞「別に」の意味変化と主観化

전자연 한국일본언어문화학회 2017 일본언어문화 Vol.39 No.-

This article describes various meanings and functions of the Japanese adverb betsuni, and discusses the process of the semantic change of that from the point of subjectification. In summary, the semantic change of betsuni can be illustrated as below. Each stage of semantic change is a case of subjectification. Its acquisition of the function as an interjection represents an increase in subjective meaning. 1. Betsuni used with affirmative predicate means “besides”, “in addition”. This adverbial meaning is related to the lexeme betsu “another” and can be noticed that it derives from the adjective betsuno/betsuna as well. In this case, betsuni is synonymous with Japanese adverb hokani. 2. Betsuni used with negative predicate means “particularly”. As a stance adverb, a speaker uses it to emphasize his or her negation. It can be interchanged with Japanese adverb tokuni. 3. Betsuni is used alone as an interjection in response. In this case, betsuni may also carry expressive value as a mild refusal to the addressee. It expresses a negative emotional involvement by speakers as an interjection. .

글꼴 유사도 판단을 위한 Faster R-CNN 기반 한글 글꼴 획 요소 자동 추출

전자연,박동연,임서영,지영서,임순범 한국멀티미디어학회 2020 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.23 No.8

Ever since media contents took over the world, the importance of typography has increased, and the influence of fonts has be n recognized. Nevertheles , the cur ent Hangul font system is very poor and is provided pas ively, so it is practical y impos ible to understand and utilize al the shape characteristics of more than six thousand Hangul fonts. In this paper, the characteristics of Hangul font shapes were selected based on the Hangul structure of similar fonts. The stroke element detection training was performed by fine tuning Faster R-CNN Inception v2, one of the de p learning object detection models. We also propose a system that automatical y extracts the stroke element characteristics from characters by introducing an automatic extraction algorithm. In comparison to the previous research which showed poor ac uracy while using SVM(Support Vector Machine) and Sliding Window Algorithm, the proposed system in this paper has shown the result of 10 % ac uracy to properly detect and extract stroke elements from various fonts. In conclusion, if the stroke element characteristics based on the Hangul structural information extracted through the system are used for similar clas ification, problems such as copyright wil be solved in an era when typography’s competitivenes becomes stronger, and an automated proces wil be provided to users for more convenience

한글 획요소 추출 학습에서 적용 글자의 확장에 따른 추출 성능 분석

전자연,임순범 한국멀티미디어학회 2020 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.23 No.11

Fonts have developed as a visual element, and their influence has rapidly increased around the world. Research on font automation is actively being conducted mainly in English because Hangul is a combination character and the structure is complicated. In the previous study to solve this problem, the stroke element of the character was automatically extracted by applying the object detection by component. However, the previous research was only for similarity, so it was tested on various print style fonts, but it has not been tested on other characters. In order to extract the stroke elements of all characters and fonts, we performed a performance analysis experiment according to the expansion character in the Hangul stroke element extraction training. The results were all high overall. In particular, in the font expansion type, the extraction success rate was high regardless of having done the training or not. In the character expansion type, the extraction success rate of trained characters was slightly higher than that of untrained characters. In conclusion, for the perfect Hangul stroke element extraction model, we will introduce Semi-Supervised Learning to increase the number of data and strengthen i

繰り返しでつくられた副詞の形式的特徴をめぐって

전자연 한국일본어교육학회 2022 日本語敎育 Vol.- No.102

本稿では、名詞·形容詞·動詞·副詞などのいろいろな形態素の繰り返しでつくられた副詞類にはどのようなものがあるのかを調査し、<繰り返し>の要素のタイプ(A~E)とその語形(「Ⅹ」「Ⅹに」「Xと」「Xで」の語末形)の観点から考察を行った。繰り返しでつくられた副詞には、名詞·形容詞の繰り返しのタイプが最も多くみられ、その語末形も国語辞典の記述とはくい違いが見られた。また、単なる量的な分布から<繰り返し>の手続きの生産性を判断することはできないのではあるが、特に既存の副詞をさらに繰り返して用いる<E副詞の繰り返し>のタイプからは、斬新な副詞の用い方として新しい用法を派生させている点で、未だ生産的な語形成の方法と認めることができると思われる。

韓国の中等日本語教育における文法用語について ―2015改定教育課程高等学校教科書『日本語Ⅰ』の分析―

전자연,오종진 한국일본어교육학회 2023 日本語敎育 Vol.106 No.2

Japanese language education in Korean secondary schools is being implemented according to the 2015 revised curriculum. In the 2015 revised curriculum, the goal is to foster intercultural understanding and communication skills, and Grammar is simply defined as contents shown in [Table I] and the [Basic Expressions for Communication] in [Table II]. This paper surveys how Japanese Grammar is presented in the 2015 revised curriculum, and through an analysis of the textbook "Japanese I," attempts to discuss more practical grammar instruction in high school Japanese education. It emphasizes the need, for more practical grammar instruction in high school Japanese education, to directly present the specific forms of verbs used in actual communication, systematically guiding them as a unified entity with grammatical meaning 現在、韓国の中等学校における日本語教育は、2015改定教育課程に従って実施されているが、2025年からは2022改定教育課程が段階的に適用される予定であり、その改定案が2022年12月に告示されている。2022改定教育課程の日本語科では、現行の教育課程と同様、異文化理解とコミュニケーション能力の育成を目的とし、学習内容の範囲となる「内容体系」において<文法>は、「[別表Ⅰ]に示した文法要素と[別表Ⅱ]に示した[意思疎通基本表現]の文法内容を参考」と提示されている。本稿では、2015改定教育課程において<文法>がどのように提示されているのかをまず確認し、教科書『日本語Ⅰ』の分析を通して、高校の日本語教育現場におけるより実践的な文法指導について考察を試みた。そして、高校の日本語教育現場においてより実践的な文法指導になるためには、実際のコミュニケーションで使われる具体的な動詞の形をそのまま提示し、文法的な意味との統一体として体系的に指導していく必要があることを述べた。

「ちょっと」の意味と機能 - 副詞的用法と感動詞的用法の連続性を中心に -

전자연 한국일본학회 2014 日本學報 Vol.101 No.-

This article mainly discusses the continuation of the meaning and function of chotto, which is used both as an adverb and an interjection, by focusing on deriving its interjectional usage. The adverb chotto is typically used to express a small extent; however, depending on the context or syntactical conditions, it appears to have lost its original meaning and function as an adverb expressing a small extent. Especially, in evaluative or hortative sentences, chotto may also carry expressive value as a euphemism relating either to the speaker’s evaluation or their attitude and this adverbial usage of chotto is linked to its interjectional usage. The interjection chotto, which politely calls for the addressee’s attention, can be used on its own, in which case it is always separated by a pause or phonetic features from the other utterances with which it may co-occur. Nevertheless, in the event of co-occurrence with hortative sentences, chotto frequently appears at the beginning of an utterance, fulfilling not only an adverbial function as a euphemism, but also an interjectional function as an expression calling for attention. A characteristic that is common to both kinds of usage is speakers’ contextual use of chotto during discourse in which they are required to be considerate toward the addressees.

否定におけるとりたて副詞の機能 -「特に」と「別に」の分析-

전자연 ( Jun Ja-yeon ) 한국일어교육학회 2017 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.41

本稿は、副詞「特に」と「別に」を取り上げ、否定文におけるとりたて副詞の意味と機能を考察するものである。本稿の內容は、次のようにまとめられる。 (1)「特に」は、肯定文と同樣、<同類の物事のなかでも特別なものとして取り上げる>という意味で用いられる。「特に」によってとりたてられる要素は、否定の焦点となる文の部分であれば、述語でも述語以外の文の部分でもいい。「特に」が否定述語をとりたてる場合は、文法的否定形式である限り、述語のタイプに特別な制限はないが、述語の否定の側面に直接に關わるのではなく、否定の焦点となる述語の命題的な側面をとりたてる動きをする。 (2)「別に」は、述語以外の文の部分をとりたてることはできない。「特に」と同樣、文法的否定形式とは特別な制限なく共起することができる。しかし、「別に」は、否定述語のモダリティ一の側面と相關する。コンテクストから推論される肯定的想定に對する話し手の否認を表す文での使用が特徵的で、「推論されやすい想定とは違っているが、だからといって」のような話し手の評價感情をとりたてる意味で用いられていると考えられる。さらに、「(どうでも)いい/かまわない」のような述語のタイプと共起する点でも、「特に」とは異る。 (3)「特に」と「別に」は、否定述語をとりたてることができる点で基本的に共通しているが、否定述語のどの側面と相關するかで相違点を持つ。兩者の違いは、命題的な側面に關わる否定であるのか、モダリティ一に關わる否定であるのかという、否定のあり方においてはっきりする。 This article mainly discusses the meaning and function of the Japanese focus-attracting adverbs tokuni and betsuni, when used in negative sentences. The most typical features are as below. (1) Tokuni is construed as a focus-attracting device in negative sentences. It is involved with the portion of the scope of negation, in terms of the emphatic function. The types of co-occurred negative predicates are not limited especially. (2) Betsuni is used as the same focus-attracting function that performed by tokuni in negative sentences. As for the type of co-occurred negative predicates, it appears to be same either. However, in contrast to tokuni, betsuni is compatible with affirmative predicates such as doodemo ii and kamawanai, which have negative (i.e. careless or unmindful) implications. (3) A characteristic common to both adverbs is that they are used to attract the focus in negation. However, tokuni and betsuni carry out substantially different values. It is shown that tokuni is correlated with the propositional negation ; on the other hand, betsuni is correlated with modal negation, which is speaker’s denial to the assertion.