원어민과 한국인 영어 학습자의 영어 단어 경계에서의 자음 연쇄 길이 구조

전윤실 ( Jeon Yoon-shil ) 글로벌영어교육학회(구 호남영어교육학회) 2016 Studies in English education Vol.21 No.3

In various environments, consonant sequences are produced with articulatory overlap and show durational changes. This paper investigates the durational pattern of stop consonant sequences at word boundaries in the speech of native English speakers and Korean learners of English. Stop release and duration of consonants were measured to compare durational patterns of the two speaker groups. Phonetic factors taken into account include stress, voicing, and place of articulation of the consonants. Compared to Korean learners of English, native English speakers had higher percentage of stop release. Stop sequence durations of native English speakers were longer in words with stress than in neutral words. For Korean learners of English, the opposite was true. The characteristic durational pattern in the speech of Korean learners of English is discussed in terms of L1 transfer.

Durational Pattern of Vowel and Nasal Preceding Stop Consonant Sequence at Word Boundary

Jeon, Yoon-Shil(전윤실) 순천향대학교 인문학연구소 2018 순천향 인문과학논총 Vol.37 No.3

분절음의 길이 구조는 그 분절음이 나타나는 단어에서의 위치와 음절 구조에 의해 변화를 겪는다. 본 연구에서는 모음과 비음의 길이 구조를 음절 내 분절음의 수와 관련하여 살펴보았다. 단어 경계에 하나의 폐쇄 자음이 있거나(#C) 두 개의 폐쇄 자음이 있는 (C#C) 조건에서 모음과 비음이 나타나는 실험 단어를 구성하였다. 그 예는 ‘bum pits’, ‘bump pits’와 같다. 미국인 영 어 원어민 화자 집단과 한국인 영어 학습자 집단을 대상으로 발화 실험을 하였고 중립, 액센트, 그리고 비액센트 단어에서 모음과 비음 길이를 측정하고 비교하였다. 영어 원어민 화자의 발화 자료에서는 모음과 비음이 단일 자음앞에 나타나는 경우에 비하여 자음 연쇄 앞에 나타나는 경우에 유의미한 길이의 감소가 나타났다. 그리고 모음 보다는 비음의 길이 감소 정도가 더 컸다. 한국인 영어 학습자의 경우는 두 가지 조건에서의 모음과 비음의 길이 차이는 전반적으로 유의미 하지 않았다. 한국인 영어 학습자의 특징적인 길이 유형은 모음과 비음의 길이가 비교적 일정한 길이를 유지하고 변화 폭이 작다는 것이다. 반면에 원어민 영어화자의 경우는 단어 내 분절음의 수에 따른 모음과 비음 등 음절 핵의 길이 변동 양상이 큰 것으로 나타났다. Durational pattern of a segment varies depending on its position within a word and the syllable structure in which it occurs. In this paper, durational pattern of vowel and nasal is investigated in relation with the number of the segments in monosyllable words. The target vowel and nasal are placed in two conditions, before one stop consonant(#C) and two identical stop consonants(C#C) at word boundary, such as ‘bum pits’ and ‘bump pits.’ Durations of the vowel and nasal are collected and analyzed in neutral, accented and deaccented words. For English native speakers, both vowel and nasal durations significantly shorten before stop sequence compared to before one stop consonant, with greater shortening effect in the nasal. The experiment results suggest that shortening of preceding vowel and nasal may provide a perceptual cue to consonant sequence. On the other hand, in the speech of Korean learners of English the duration differences of vowel and nasal between the two conditions are not significant in general. A characteristic durational pattern for Korean learners of English is that vowels and nasals tend to maintain a constant duration and have less variations in their durational patterns compared to those of English native speakers.

영어 원어민과 한국인 영어 학습자 영어 초점 단어 모음 공간의 비교 연구

전윤실 ( Yoon Shil Jeon ) 대한언어학회 2015 언어학 Vol.23 No.4

Vowel spaces of neutral and focused words in native English speech and those in non-native Korean learners`` speech were compared to show the characteristics of acoustic realization of the vowel space expansion in focused words. In focused words produced by native English speakers, high front vowel /i/and back vowels /u, □, α/ show F2 shift. Specifically, /i/ is higher and /u, □, α/ are lower in F2 for focused words than for neutral words. High and mid-high vowels /i,ㅣ, □/ show higher F1. The results indicate that vowel spaces in focused words expand by fronting, retraction and lowering, not by raising of tongue body. In focused words of Korean learners of English, /æ, α, □/ have higher F1 and low front /æ/ shows lower F2. The vowel space expansion arose mainly due to retraction and lowering of tongue body. Relative to native English speakers, Korean learners of English generally realize higher F1 values of low vowels and lower F2 values of back vowels in both neutral and focused words, which means that back vowels show more backness and low vowels are much lower.

한국인 영어학습자의 억양학습에 대한 연구: 영어 초점의문문을 중심으로

전윤실 ( Jeon Yoon-shil ),김성혜 ( Kim Sunghye ) 현대영어교육학회 2007 현대영어교육 Vol.8 No.3

The study is designed to investigate the effects of pronunciation instruction on the learning of English focused questions. Instruction on intonation of English focused questions were given to Korean EFL learners. The study compared the students’ production of English focused questions before and after the instruction. The results showed that after the instruction Korean speakers' intonation of English focused questions was improved to put the correct low tones on the focused part of the questions more than before the instruction. Furthermore, the tonal pattern characteristic to Korean was reduced after the instruction. Despite the small number of subjects, the study indicates that pronunciation instruction has positive immediate effects on improving Korean learners' English intonation.

길이 구조와 통사 경계 구분

전윤실 ( Yoon Shil Jeon ) 대한언어학회 2011 언어학 Vol.19 No.2

English sentence production of native English speakers and Korean learners of English was examined to see how the syntactic ambiguity is resolved by the phonetic realization of durational pattern. The duration of the critical regions related to the syntactic difference was measured. The results of the experiment indicate that native English speakers and Korean learners of English tend to manipulate the durational aspect of the prosody for syntactic disambiguation. In the target phrase composed of a conjoined noun phrase with the preceding adjective, the low attachment was realized as significant lengthening of the first noun and the following pause. The lengthened first noun region was accompanied by the lengthened conjunct ``and`` for native English speakers and some Korean learners of English. The results show that the local lengthening in the first noun region plays an important role in disambiguating the attachment differences for both subject groups. Native English speakers used the combination of word lengthening and pause for prosodic phrasing. In contrast, some of the Korean learners of English employed pause alone.

영어 관계절 수식 모호성 해소의 운율

전윤실 ( Yoon Shil Jeon ),신지영 ( Ji Young Shin ),김기호 ( Kee Ho Kim ) 대한언어학회 2007 언어학 Vol.15 No.2

Prosody serves to resolve syntactic ambiguity of a sentence. English relative clause construction with complex NP(the N1, prep., N2, and RC sequence) has syntactic ambiguity and the clause can be interpreted as modifying N1(high attachment) or N2(low attachment). Speakers and listeners can disambiguate those sentences based on the prosody. In this paper, we investigate the native English speakers and the Korean English learners` production of English relative clause construction and compares the prosodic characteristics and the differences. The production experiment shows that the Korean beginner learners use the phrasing by pause frequently and the native English speakers and the Korean advanced learners depend on both the phrasing and the pitch accent. One of the characteristic of the Korean English learners` intonation is that the Korean accentual phrase tone pattern LHa is transferred to their production.

한국인 영어 학습자 영어 발화의 모음 공간과 길이 구조

전윤실 ( Yoon Shil Jeon ) 대한언어학회 2013 언어학 Vol.21 No.2

The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 21(2). 243-258. English is a stress-timed language and Korean is a syllable-timed language. The cross-linguistic differences may explain the acoustic-phonetic characteristics of English speech by Korean learners of English. This study investigates the vowel space and durational pattern of non-native English speech produced by Korean learners of English. The vowel formant values and the phone durations were measured. The exoeriment results show that L1 transfer explains the non-native vowel system and durational pattern. The acoustic realization of the English target vowels is affected by Korean vowel system and shows the distribution overlap between vowels in vowel space. The duration data show that the durational change of the vowel intervals are significantly different between the two speaker groups. The result indicates that Korean learners of English have difficulty in controlling the vowel durations for prosodic boundary effect.

영어 명사구와 복합명사의 억양 실현 양상과 지각

강선미,김미혜,전윤실,김기호,Kang, Sun-Mi,Kim, Mi-Hye,Jeon, Yoon-Shil,Kim, Kee-Ho 한국음성학회 2005 음성과학 Vol.12 No.4

This paper attempts to examine the accent implementation and perception of noun phrases and compound nouns in English sentences, arguing that primary stress of noun phrase and compound noun is realized in relative prominence in intonation. The production test examines how the stress patterns of the noun phrases and compound nouns are realized in intonation of the English native speakers' utterances. The perception test investigates English and Korean listeners' comprehension of the intonation of the noun phrases and compound nouns. And the results of this experimental study show that speakers and listeners produce and perceive the primary stress as a relatively prominent accent even if in contrast of English listeners, Korean learners have difficulty in using the cue of pitch accent location and figuring out compound nouns and noun phrases.

영어 가부 의문문 초점 발화와 지각

전윤실,오세풍,김기호 한국음성과학회 2004 음성과학 Vol.11 No.3

In English, a focused word with new information receives a pitch accent. This paper examines how English native speakers and Korean speakers produce and perceive focus in English yes-no questions. The production experiments show that native speakers realize an appropriate intonation of yes-no questions, in which a focused word has a low pitch accent followed by a high phrasal accent and a high boundary tone. However, Korean speakers usually give a high tone to a focused word. In a like manner, the perception experiments show that English native speakers judge a word with a low tone to be focused, while Korean speakers have difficulty in comprehending a focused word realized as a low tone. And it is found that Korean speakers tend to perceive low tones on sentence initial and final focused words better than those on sentence medial focused words, and they often perceive a word with a relatively high fundamental frequency or a sharp rise of fundamental frequency as a focused word. This paper shows that Korean speakers have trouble to produce and perceive an appropriate tonal pattern of a focused yes-no question, and that can cause confusion in a conversation with native speakers.

영어 어휘 의미 정보와 피치 액센트

전윤실,김기호,이용재 한국음성과학회 2003 음성과학 Vol.10 No.3

In this paper, we examine if the lexical information of the verb and its noun object affects the pitch accent patterns of the verb phrase focus. Three types of verb-object dominations with different semantic weights are discussed: when the verbs have optional direct objects, when the objects have the greater semantic weight elative to verbs, and when the verbs and the objects have equal semantic weight. Argument-structure-based works note that the pith accent location in a focused phrase is closely related to the argument structure and contextual information. For example, it has been agued that contextually new noun objects receive accent while given noun objects don't. Contrary to nouns, verbs can be accented or not in verb phrase focus regardless of whether they are given information or new information (Selkirk 1984, 1992). However, the production experiment in this paper how that the accenting of verbs is not fully optional, but influenced by the lexical semantic information of the verbs. The accenting of noun objects with given information is possible and the deaccenting of new noun objects also occurs depending on the lexical information of the noun objects. The results demonstrate that in addition to argument structure and information by means of context sentences, the lexical semantic information of words influences the pitch accent location in focused phrase.