지역별 잣나무 초기생장에 미치는 미기후의 영향 - 연년생장과 미기후와의 관계-

전상근,신만용,Chon Sang- Keun,Shin Man Yong 한국농림기상학회 1999 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구는 경기도 가평과 충천북도 영동에 식재된 잣나무 임분의 임령별 연년생장을 파악하고 지역적 기후조건이 잣나무 초기생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 먼저 각 지역의 임령별 평균 흉고직경, 평균 수고, ha당 흉고단면적, ha당 재적 등의 임분통계량을 측정 요약하였으며, 이에 근거하여 10년생부터 18년생까지 8년간의 초기생장에 대한 임분변수별 연년생장량을 파악하였다. 연구 대상지의 지역별 미기후는 지형과 기후치간의 관계를 이용한 지형기후학적 방법에 의해 평균기온, 최고기온, 최저 기온, 상대습도, 강수량, 그리고 일조시수의 월별 평년 값을 추정한 후, 공간통계기법을 적용하여 지역별·연도별 월별 기후치를 추정하였다. 이들 자료를 이용하여 임목생장에 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단되는 온량지수, 한랭지수, 건조지수 등의 17개 기후변수를 지역별·연도별로 산출하고 임분변수별 연년생장량과의 상관분석 및 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 잣나무의 초기생장은 경기도 가평이 충청북도 영동에 비하여 훨씬 우수한 성장을 보이고 있었다. 일반적으로 잣나무 임분의 생장은 기온이 낮고 강수량이 많아 높은 습도를 유지하는 지역이 적합한 것으로 알려져 있다. 지역별의 추정된 연도별 미기후와 연년생장과의 상관관계와 회귀분석 결과에 의하면, 가평 지역 잣나무 유령임분의 연년생장은 이러한 일반적인 생장-기후 관계와 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 영동지역의 임분변수별 연년생장과 미기후와의 관계는 가평지역과는 다소 다른 경향을 보이고 있다. 이러한 결과는 연간 변이가 심한 기후조건에도 불구하고 비교적 짧은 기간 동안의 자료만으로는 연년생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하는데 한계가 있다는 사실에 기인한다. 또한 영동지역의 저조한 생장의 원인에 미기후 조건 이외에도 지위와 같은 다른 환경요인이 복합적으로 작용하기 때문으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of local climatic conditions on the annual increment of Korean white pine planted in Gapyung and Yaungdong. For this, stand variables such as mean DBH, mean height, basal area per hectare, and volume per hectare by stand age were measured and summarized for each locality. Based on these statistics, annual increments for 8 years from stand age 10 to 18 were calculated for each of stand variables. A topoclimatological technique which makes use of empirical relationships between the topography and the weather in study sites was applied to produce normal estimates of monthly mean, maximum, minimum temperatures, relative humidity, precipitation, and hours of sunshine. Then, the yearly climatic variables from 1990 to 1997 for each study site were derived from the spatial interpolation procedures based on inverse- distance weighting of the observed deviation from the climatic normals at the nearest 11 standard weather stations. From these estimates, 17 weather variables such as warmth index, coldness index, index of aridity etc., which affect the tree growth, were computed on yearly base for each locality. The deviations of measured annual increments from the expected annual increments for 8 years based on yield table of Korean white pine were then correlated with and regressed on the yearly weather variables to examine effects of local climatic conditions on the growth. Gapyung area provides better conditions for the growth of Korean white pine in the early stage than Youngdong area. This indicates that the conditions such as low temperature, high relative humidity, and large amount of precipitation provide favor environment for the early growth of Korean white pine. A ccording to the correlation and regression an analysis using local climatic conditions and annual increments, the growth pattern of Gapyung area corresponds to this tendency. However, it was found that the relationship between annual increments and local climatic conditions in Youngdong area shows different tendency from Gapyung. These results mean that the yearly growth pattern could not sufficiently be explained by climatic conditions with high variance in yearly weather variables. In addition, the poor growth in Youngdong area might not only be affected by climatic conditions, but also by other environmental factors such as site quality.

잣나무의 유전력에 관한 연구 (Ⅲ) - 5,6 년생의 수고 (樹高) 및 근원직경생장의 (根元直徑生長) 유전력 -

전상근,김대은 ( Sang Keun Chon,Dae Eun Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1986 한국산림과학회지 Vol.74 No.1

This study was conducted to estimate the heritabilities of height and stem diameter growth in 5- and 6-year-old Pinus koraiensis. Estimates of individual tree and family heritability for height growth were h²_I =0.40, h²_F= 0.77 in 5-year-old and h²_I=0.57, h²_F=0.89 in 6-year-old, respectively. Heritabilities for diameter growth were estimated as h²_I=0.16, h²_F=0.53 and h²_I=0.26, h²_F=0.72 in 5-and 6-year-old seedlings.

잣나무에 있어서 수형이 (樹形) 결실량에 미치는 영향

전상근,노연희 ( Sang Keun Chon,Youn Hee Noh ) 한국산림과학회 1983 한국산림과학회지 Vol.62 No.1

Number of 1-year-old cone in Pinus koraiensis was influenced by the factors consisting of the tree form. Number of cones increased with increasing DBH, diameter, volume of crown and number of forked stems. However, tree height, crown length, and the ratio of crown diameter to crown length showed no significant relations with number of cones.

잣나무착과량에 (着果量) 미치는 몇 개 기상인자의 (氣象因子) 영향

전상근,김일현 ( Sang Keun Chon,Il Hyun Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1982 한국산림과학회지 Vol.57 No.1

The environmental influence on cone crop of pinus koraiensis has been studied by means of correlation and regression analysis of number of 1-year-old cone and meteorological data. A positive effect on cone crop is brought about by low air temperature during the year of flower bud differentiation and much sunshine duration for the year and the winter before flower bud differentiation. The weather of June before flower bud differentiation is very important for cone production.

잣나무의 유전력에 관한 연구 (Ⅰ) - 2-1 묘의 (苗) 묘고 (苗高) 및 근원경생장의 (根元徑生長) 유전력 -

전상근 ( Sang Keun Chon ) 한국산림과학회 1985 한국산림과학회지 Vol.69 No.1

Heritability of height and diameter growth was estimated for 3-year-old seedlings from 75 mother trees in Pinus koraiensis. Estimates of single tree and family heritability by variance analysis were h²_I $gt; 1.0 and h²_F = 0.87 for height and h²_I =0.52 and h²_F = 0.64 for diameter respectively.

잣나무 풍매차대검정림 (風媒次代檢定林)의 수고 및 직경생장의 유전력과 개량효과에 관한 연구

전상근(Sang Keun Chon),신만용(Man Yong Shin),장용석(Yong Seok Jang),정동준(Dong Jun Chung) 한국산림과학회 2001 한국산림과학회지 Vol.90 No.1

This study was carried out to analyze the genetic variation and to estimate both heritabilities and genetic gains for height and diameter growth of 20-year-old open-pollinated progenies of Korean white pine in three different sites. For there, analysis of variance for both height and diameter growth was conducted to see if there exist significant differences among families, sites, blocks, and their interactions exist or not and to analyze the variance components for each factor. Mean height and diameter at Gapyeong site were 7.65m and 11.92㎝, respectively. they were 7.42m and 11.35㎝ at Gwangiu site, 6.13m and 8.41㎝ at Youngdong site, and 7.12m and 10.68㎝ for the overall sites. The family No. 20 showed the most excellent growth of 7.99m in mean height and 12.14㎝ in mean diameter for all sites surveyed. The estimates of heritabilities for individual-tree and family were, 0.35-0.73 and 0.65-0.83 for height growth, and 0.12-0.40 and 0.46-0.75 for diameter growth, respectively. For the combined data from all the sites, the estimates of individual tree heritability were 0.60 for height and 0.20 for diameter, and those of family were 0.91 for height and 0.77 for diameter. Heritability estimates varied with testing sites, and those for height were higher than those for diameter in all sites. Given equal intensity of selection, combined selection method provided the most efficient genetic gains for both height and diameter growth.

지역별 잣나무의 초기생장 특성과 미기후의 영향 - 정기평균생장량과 미기후와의 관계 -

전상근(Sang Keun Chon),신만용(Man Yong Shin),정동준(Dong Jun Chung),장용석(Yong Seok Jang),김명수(Myung Soo Kim) 한국산림과학회 1999 한국산림과학회지 Vol.88 No.1

This study was conducted to reveal the characteristics of the early growth by locality for Korean white pine planted in Gapyung and Kwangju, Kyunggi-Do and Youngdong, Choongchungbuk-Do. The effects of local climatic conditions as one of environmental factors on the growth were also analyzed. For this, several stand variables such as number of trees survived, mean DBH, mean height, basal area per hectare, and volume per hectare by stand age were measured and summarized for each locality. Based on these statistics, periodic annual increments for 8 years from stand age 10 to 18 were calculated for each of stand variables. A topoclimatological technique, for the estimation of local climatic conditions, which makes use of empirical relationships between the topography and the weather in study areas was applied to produce reasonable estimates of monthly mean, maximum, minimum temperatures, relative humidity, precipitation, and hours of sunshine over remote land area where routine observations are rare. From these monthly estimates, 17 weather variables such as warmth index, coldness index, index of aridity etc. which affect the tree growth, were computed for each locality. The periodic annual increments were then correlated with and regressed on the weather variables to examine effects of local weather conditions on the growth. Gapyung area provided the best conditions for the growth of Korean white pine in the early stage and Kwangju area ranked second. On the other hand, the growth pattern in Youngdong ranked last overall as expected. It is also found that the local growth patterns of Korean white pine in juvenile stage were affected by typical weather conditions. The conditions such as low temperature, high relative humidity, and large amount of precipitation provide favorable environment for the growth of Korean white pine. Especially, the diameter growth, basal area growth, and volume growth are mainly influenced by the amount of precipitation. However, it is proved that the height growth is affected by both the precipitation and temperature.

잣나무 식재림의 (植栽林) 생태학적 연구 (Ⅰ) - 하층식생에 (下層植生) 대하여 -

전상근(Sang Keun Chon),정현배(Hyon Pae Chong) 한국산림과학회 1971 한국산림과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

N/A As one part of the ecological studies of Korean white pine plantation, a synecological survey was made on the undergrowth vegetation of Korean white pine plantations of different age class i.e., 5, 15, 25, 35, and 40 year age classes under which shrub and ground vegetation were distinctly different. And, the results are summarized as follows. 1. In shrub, the important species is Corylus heterophylla var. japonica and the dominant species in each age-class stand are as follows; 5 year-class ; Quercus mongolica, Lespedeza Maximowiczi. 15 year-class ; Corylus heterophylla var. japonica, Lespedeza Maximowiczi. 25 year-class ; Corylus heterophylla var. japonica. 35 year-class ; Corylus heterophylla var. japonica, Maackia amurensis. 40 year-class ; Corylus heterophylla var. japonica. 2. The higher the age class of the plantation are, the lower the height and the density of the shrub become. 3. Dominant species of ground-vegetation under the shrub of each age-class are as follows; 5 year-class ; Arundinella hirta var. cilia, Miscanthus purpurascens. 15 year-class ; Arundinella hirta var. ciliata, Potentilla Freyniana. 25 year-class ; Physematium manchuriense, Viola xanthopetala, Rubus craegifolius. 35 year-class ; Viola xanthopetala, Rubus crataegifolius. 45 year-class ; Viola xanthopetala, Rubus crataegifolius. 4. The standing crops of ground vegetation under the shrub were decreased with increasing age-class, which also caused the decreasing height and density and changing floristic composition of the shrub. 5. The ratio of the standing crop of root to the standing crop of shoot was increased as the age class increased. 6. The floristic composition of ground vegetation has shown a change from heliophyte to sciophytes on the sere.

잣나무종자의 크기와 무게가 묘목의 (苗木) 초기생장에 미치는 영향

전상근 ( Sang Keun Chon ) 한국산림과학회 1976 한국산림과학회지 Vol.31 No.1

In order to investigate the effects of seed weight, size (length and thickness), and maturation period (early maturing seed or late maturing seed) on growth of first-year seedlings in Pinus koraiensis, pot cultivation experiment with seeds collected from Gangweon University Forest was carried out under relatively controlled environment condition. At the end of one growing season, not only fresh weight, length, diameter (at underside of cotyledon) and root length of seedlings, but also number and length of cotyledon were measured. Results are as follows; 1. Germination percentage is independent of weight and size of seeds, but it was influenced by maturation period, that is, late maturing seeds surpass early maturing one in germination percentage. 2. Germination percentage is affected by maturation period of seeds in 18.3% of contribution rate. 3. Each growth of first-year seedlings is influenced considerably by the differences of weight, length and thickness of seeds, that is, heavy and large seeds produce larger seedlings than do light and small seeds. Particularly, fresh weight, diameter, length of cotyledon are significantly affected by differences of seed weight and size (length and thickness) in 50-90% of contribution rate. 4. Differences of seed weight and thickness have a tendency to affect more on growth of first-year seedlings than do differences of seed length. 5. Seedlings from late maturing seeds are superior than those from early maturing one in fresh weight, diameter of seedlings and length of cotyledon, but it`s influence is a little.

삼나무의 엽형분류 및 생장특성에 관한 연구 - 제주도를 중심으로 -

진현오,전상근 ( Hyun O Jin,Sang Keun Chon ) 한국산림과학회 1987 한국산림과학회지 Vol.76 No.4

Needle type and growth characteristics of Cryptomeria japonica planted in Cheju, Korea, were investigated and compared with those of the same species distributed in Japan. Needle types were classified into nine lines, and the stands were composed of more than six lines. The trees of the same needle type as Ura-Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) in Japan showed the best growth in height.