특수고용의 국제동향

장화익 한국노동연구원 2007 국제노동브리프 Vol.5 No.5

현장이야기 : 이렇게 전도했어요 ; 인내를 가지고 포기하지 않을 때

장화익 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 2004 활천 Vol.603 No.-

역마이셀에 의한 TiO(OH)$_2$ 미세분말 제조

장화익,강석원,이광래 한국세라믹학회 1998 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.35 No.6

유기용메인 이소옥탄(isooctane)에 계면활성제를 이용하여 물을 역마이셀 형태로 생성시킨 후, 이소프로필 알코올(isopropyle alcohol)에 묽힌 티타늄알코옥사이드(tetraisopropyl orthotitanate)를 가하여 가수분해 반응를 거쳐 TiO(OH)2 분말을 제조하였다. 역마이셀에 의한 TiO(OH)2 분말 제조에 미치는 공정변수들인 계면활성제의 종류, 농도, 보조계면활성제, 가수분해 반응온도, pH등이 생성된 입자의 크기, 모양, 입도분포에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 비이온계활성제인 Span 80을 사용하였을 경우에는 Span 80의 농도변화, 가수분해 반응온도 변화, pH변화에 무관하게 입도분포가 uninodal형태였으나, 음이온계면활성제인 Aerosol-OT(AOT)를 사용하였을 경우, binodal형태를 나타내었다. 에타올(ethanol)을 cosurfactant로 첨가한 계(AOT, 1.0CMC, isooctane+ethanol, pH2.5, 30$^{\circ}C$)로 부터 생성된 입자는 평균입경이 0.12${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ 으로서 미세할 뿐아니라 입도분포도 매우 좁은 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서, cosurfactant의 유무가 생성 입자의 입도분포에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있다. FT-IR 분석으로 T1-O 결합과 Ti-OH 결합에 의한 흡수피크를 확인하였고, TGA-DTA 분석결과에 의하면 41$0^{\circ}C$ 부근의 발열피크로 부터 비정질 구조에서 anatase 구조로 결정화가 시작됨을 알 수 있었으며, 온도 상승과 더불어 결정이 성장하여 약 45$0^{\circ}C$ 정도에서 비정질상이 anatase상의 결정구조로 완전히 전이됨을 확인하였다. Titanium hydroxide (TiO({{{{ {OH }_{2 } }})) fine particles were produced by the reverse micelle technique. For the formation of titanium hydroxide (TiO({{{{ {OH }_{2 } }})) particles with the technique reversed micellar solution was prepared by solubilizing water into organic solvent (isooctane) with a surfactant and titanium alkoxide (tetraisopropyl orthotitanate) diluted with isopropyl alcohol was added to the reversed micellar solution. The hdrolyzed species (TiO({{{{ {OH }_{2 } }})) was formed by the hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide and titanium dioxide is then formed by the condensation of the hydrolyzed species. There are several process variables such as surfactants concentration of surface cosurfactant hydrolysis temperature and pH. In this work the ef-fects of process variables on paticle shapes particle size distribution and paticle agglomeration were bi-nodal for an anionic surfactant(AOT) in the whole range of temperature pH and surfactant concentration of this experiment. The addition of ethanol as a cosurfactant resulted in narrow particle size distribution of the experiment. The additiono of ethanol as a cosurfactant resulted in narrow particle size distribution and 0.12${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of smaller average particle diameter. FT-IR spectrum of particles shows the absorption peak of Ti-OH bonding and Ti-O bonding. An exothermic peak around 41$0^{\circ}C$ in TGA-DTA curve shows that crys- tallized anatase phase appears and completely transits to anatase around 45$0^{\circ}C$.

기간제근로에 관한 한ㆍ일 비교

장화익 한국노동연구원 2007 노동리뷰 Vol.2007 No.1

과학과 생명

장화익 東亞大學校附設 石堂傳統文化硏究院 2003 石堂論叢 Vol.33 No.-

근로자 내부고발보호제도 국제비교 : 영ㆍ미ㆍ일의 사례와 시사점

장화익(Hwa-ik Jang) 한국노동연구원 2007 노동정책연구 Vol.7 No.2

본 연구는 최근 내부고발제도에 대한 법제가 정비된 영국과 일본, 그리고 다양한 내부고발제도가 발전하여 온 미국의 제도운용 실태를 상세히 분석하였다. 그리고 내부고발 근로자 보호에 관한 우리나라의 현행 제도를 노동법적 보호를 중심으로 살펴보고 우리나라에서 관련된 법ㆍ제도 정비에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다. 먼저 미국ㆍ일본ㆍ영국의 경우에는 나름대로 법ㆍ제도의 정비를 통하여 환경, 식품, 금융, 안전사고 등의 예방과 함께 고발자의 보호를 도모하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 우리나라의 경우는 대기업의 금융비리, 낮은 준법 의식, 고발자에 대한 비호의적인 조직문화 등과 함께 현행 법ㆍ제도의 미비 등을 감안할 때 내부고발자 보호에 관한 법률을 제정하는 것이 필요하다고 하겠다. 이 경우 고발 대상은 법위반 행위 등을 중심으로 하고, 근로자를 포함하여 보호 대상을 규정할 필요가 있다. 고발대상기관으로는 소속기관 내부고발과 함께 일정 요건하에 정부기관, 언론, NGO 등으로 확대할 수 있다. 그리고 내부고발자에 대하여는 해고 등 처분은 물론 사실상의 불이익도 금지하도록 하고 구제기구로는 기존의 노동위원회제도를 이용하는 것도 하나의 대안이 될 수 있다고 본다. This research analysed in detail the case of Japan and the U.K. where new laws have been enacted on the Protection of Whistleblowing Workers, and the U.S. where various mechanisms have been developed on this issue. This study analysed the current labor law in Korea on the protection of whistleblowing workers and tried to identify the implications for developing the related legal system based on the case studies in the three countries. First, this research found that the three countries have developed a legal system to meet social demands for the protection of whitleblowing workers as well as the prevention of incidents concerning the environment, food, finance, safety and so on. In Korea, it is necessary to introduce new legal regulations on the Protection of Whistleblowing Workers, especially in light of financial scandals involving large business conglomerates (Chaebol), public's lack of awareness to abide by the law, uninviting social culture to whilstleblowers, and inadequate legal system. In legislating for the protection of whitleblowing workers, such workers should be safeguarded from any illegal actions by their organizations. Illegal activities may need to be disclosed to the government, mass media and NGOs under certain conditions. An alternative is to endow the Labour Commission with the responsibility of protecting workers from dismissal and other disadvantages.

휘발성 유기용매의 PDMS막에 대한 투과 플럭스와 수착특성 예측

오한기,장화익,이광래 한국막학회 2000 멤브레인 Vol.10 No.1

투과증발공정에서 polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)막에 대한 용매의 수착특성과 투과 플럭스를 예측하는 방법을 제시하였다. 이 방법을 이용하여 chloroform, toluene, methoanol, n-butanol의 수착량과 투과 플럭스를 계산하였으며, 계산값과 실험값을 비교하였다. 팽윤을 촉진시키는 정용매(good solvent)인 toluene과 chloroform의 경우 계산된 수착량과 투과 플럭스는 실험값과 잘 일치하였다. 막의 밀도가 작을수록 수착량과 투과 플럭스는 증가하였다. 팽윤을 억제시키는 부용매(poor solvent)인 methanol, n-butanol의 경우는 실험값과 상당한 오차가 있었다. 따라서, 본 미케니즘에 의해 PDMS막에 대한 정용매의 수착량과 투과 플럭스는 실험에 의하지 않고도 이론적으로 예측할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다. Prediction method of permeation flux and sorption characteristics in pervaporation through a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) memrane was suggested. The amount of sorption and permeation flux of chloroform, toluene, methanol and n-butanol were calculated with this method and compared with this method and compared with experimetal data. The calculated values of permeation flux and the amount of sorption of good solvents, that is, toluene and chloroform were well agreed with the experimental data. The lower the density of PDMS membrane is, the more permeation flux and sorption quantity were increased. However, the experimental data of poor solvents, that is, methanol and n-butanol were no so well agreed with the calculated values. It is shown that the prediction method suggested in this study may be used without experimetnal for the prediction of permeation flux and sorption quantity of the good solvent on PDMS membrane.

공기 제습용 무기막의 제조 및 특성

김정은,김병문,송근호,장화익,이광래 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.B

Recently, the humidity adjustment of indoor air is of great importance in air conditioning system as a applied, in buildings, vehicles, and containers for storage and transport of perishable products. Membrane dehumidification or air is potentially attractive because it offers low capital and operating costs, along with low energy consumption. And membrane dehumidification process attracted the attention of the public instead of the other dehumidification processes, such as adsorption, absorption, and refrigeration cycles and so on. In this study, the prepared hydrophilic inorganic membrane-based dehumidifiers (membrane air dehumidification) examined the performance of dehumidification. The surface-modified inorganic membrane prepared in this study showed high dehumidification efficiency (over 80%). Thc membrane might be very useful for dehumidification industries.

차량용 산소발생기의 성능 측정

송근호,유진호,김정은,장화익,이광래 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2005 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.A

Auto exhausts and air pollution can become trapped in the cabin of vehicle, reducing the amount of oxygen available for breathing. Driver may feel sleepy, headaches, nausea, confusion, dizziness and lower levels of oxygen can damage the driver's general health. Consequently, oxygen generator purified oxygen into the car to help driver get the oxygen driver's body needs. In this study, in order to evaluate the oxygen generator performance, the samples that the various conditions(humidity(50%, 100%), flow and oxygen concentration) were examined. There were three types of oxygen generator; sample 1(2.5ℓ/min, 36%0₂), sample 2(4.5ℓ/min, 41%0₂) and sample 3(5ℓ/min, 39%0₂). As the humidity increased from 50% to 100%, the oxygen concentration of the sample 1(36%), 2(41%) and 3(39%) was reduced 31%0₂, 38%0₂ and 38%0₂, respectively. Also, the each sample measured that effect of human in car on oxygen concentration, if the oxygen concentration is one person in car, each sample of oxygen concentration was 20.8%0₂, 23.7%0₂ and 21.2%0₂. From the above results, it was shown that oxygen generator for car, if the oxygen concentration is increased, effect of humidity is reduced, and that in the sample of supplying a high-rate of oxygen, the oxygen concentration is increased. It was suggested that effect of humidity on oxygen generator for car can be reduced according to the supply of oxygen.

공기 제습용 무기막의 제조 및 특성

김정은(Kim Jeong Eun),김병문(Kim Byoung Moon),송근호(Song Kun Ho),장화익(Chang Wha lk),이광래(Lee Kwang Rae) 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.1

Recently, the humidity adjustment of indoor air is of great importance in air conditioning system as a applied, in buildings, vehicles, and containers for storage and transport of perishable products. Membrane dehumidification or air is potentially attractive because it offers low capital and operating costs, along with low energy consumption. And membrane dehumidification process attracted the attention of the public instead of the other dehumidification processes, such as adsorption, absorption, and refrigeration cycles and so on. In this study, the prepared hydrophilic inorganic membrane-based dehumidifiers (membrane air dehumidification) examined the performance of dehumidification. The surface-modified inorganic membrane prepared in this study showed high dehumidification efficiency (over 80%). Thc membrane might be very useful for dehumidification industries.