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성별다양성과 성별임금격차가 기업의 생산효율성에 미치는 영향
장진희(Jinhee Jang) 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 2022 여성연구 Vol.113 No.2
본 연구는 우리나라 매출액 상위 50대 기업을 대상으로 매출액과 유형자산, 무형자산을 활용하여 기업의 생산효율성을 추정한 후, 추정된 생산효율성에 성별다양성과 성별임금격차가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 등기임원과 미등기임원의 여성비중, 기업 내 노동자 중 여성비중, 남성임금대비 여성임금, 남녀노동자의 근속연수를 포함하였다. 분석자료는 2020년 기준 매출액 상위50개 기업을 식별하고, 각 기업의 연차보고서를 통해 2016~2020년까지 5년간의 자료를 불균형패널로 구축하였다. 그리고 확률적 프론티어 분석을 통해 기업의 생산효율성을 추정한 후 패널회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 등기임원과 미등기임원의 여성비중, 여성노동자의 비중이 높을수록 기업의 생산효율성은 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 반면, 성별임금격차는 통계적 유의성이 없었으나, 일부모형에서 성별임금격차가 기업의 생산효율성에 부정적 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 기업의 자발적 ESG경영의 필요성, 적극적 고용개선조치의 개선, 자본시장법의 개정, 남녀고용평등법내 기업의 여성인력 활용계획수립 의무화, 성평등 임금공시제의 적극적 도입을 제안하였다. The study estimated the technical efficiency of enterprises, aiming at the top 50 enterprises in sales in South Korea, by using sales figures and tangible/intangible assets of them, and then analyzed the impact of gender diversity and gender wage gap that influence on the estimated production efficiency. For the analysis, I dealt with several factors as follows – the proportion of females within the number of registered/non-registered executives, the proportion of females within the number of employees in the enterprises, wages of females comparing with that of males, and length of service of male/female employees. In the analysis data I identified the top 50 enterprisese in sales in 2020 and established the data for 5 years (2016-2020) as unbalanced panel through the annual reports, and then estimated the product efficiency of the enterprises through Stochastic Frontier Analysis and conducted the panel regression analysis. As a result, the higher the proportion of females within the number of registered/non-registered executives and employees in the enterprises was, the better the production efficiency of the enterprises was. In terms of gender wage gap, although there was no statistical significance, it revealed that the gap has a negative effects on the production efficiency of the enterprises in some models. Therefore, I suggested some countermeasures as follows: active improvement of the employment measures, amendment of the Capital Markets Act, and active introduction of the wage disclosure system.
장진희(Jinhee Jang),김형수(Hyungsoo Kim),이준희(Junhee Lee),구본경(Bon-Gyeong Koo) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
In this paper, some results of the winter test for the unified chassis control(UCC) system have been presented. In the UCC system, ESC (Electronic Stability Control), EPS(Electric Power Steering), and Continuously Damping Control(CDC) are included. The winter test has been conducted at Heihe in China. Before the UCC system test, each independent system performance check has been done. And then, the UCC system has been checked and evaluated compared to each independent system. The main reason for the test is the identification of the UCC system's usefulness compared to the separated system. For the customer requirement, UCC maker have to show the difference and value added functions to the customers. Main focus on the test is concentrated into safety and stability aspect of the vehicle and driver. For the tuning ability of the control systems, the fast and correct changing ability was the key assessment point. During the test, we found the some concerns and changed calibration for the compensation, immediately. At the beginning of the test, there were some of understeer issues, but, it has been solved with some calibration changes. For the usefulness of the systems, several candidate test modes have been proposed and checked. Finally, we could suggest that the test modes in this paper are helpful to show the usefulness of the system. Additionally, we tried to check the possibility of other chassis control system with some proto samples and systems. We could identify the future direction of the chassis control system with the addition of other sub-systems like AFS and AWD into UCC domain.
장진희(Jang, Jinhee) 한국노동연구원 2022 노동정책연구 Vol.22 No.2
본 연구는 최근 급증하고 있는 플랫폼이동노동자를 대상으로 사용종속적이고 저임금․장시간의 열악한 노동환경과, 비자발적 실업경험, 노무제공 과정에서의 사고상해 및 질병경험, 노후대비정도 등 사회보험의 취약성이 공제회 가입의향에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 플랫폼이동노동자의 열악하고 지배종속적인 노동환경을 대변하기 위한 집단적 목소리와 사회보험의 필요성을 드러내고자 하였다. 분석을 위해 2019년 한국노총 플랫폼노동자 노동환경 실태조사 자료를 활용하고 순위형 로짓분석을 실시하였다. 또한 한계효과를 산출하여 공제회 가입의 주된 요인을 식별하였다. 분석결과, 노무제공 과정에서의 업무지시, 관리․감독을 받거나, 서비스 가격결정권이 플랫폼에 있는 경우, 즉 경제적으로 종속된 경우의 공제회 가입의향이 높았다. 또한 비자발적 실업을 경험하거나, 임금수준이 낮을수록 공제회의 필요성이 높았다. 이에 향후 설립을 앞둔 플랫폼노동자를 대상으로 하는 공제회에서는 전국민고용보험과 보완적 관계를 맺을 수 있는 실업공제 사업뿐만 아니라 이해대변의 역할도 필요함을 제안하였다. This study analyzed the effect that each of the following factors - dependent, low-wage and long-hour work environment; involuntary termination; experience of workplace injury and disease; vulnerability from the perspective of social insurance, such as inadequate old-age preparation - had on the willingness of the rapidly increasing platform workers to join the Mutual Aid Association. The analysis was conducted to underscore the necessity of a collective voice and social insurance in order to advocate for the platform workers who find themselves in poor and dominant-dependent work environments. The data from the 2019 Study on the Platform Workers Environment by the FKTU was used for the analysis, and an ordered logit analysis was conducted. The analysis showed that if, in the course of providing labor, workers were subject to workplace guidance, management and supervision and if the service charge was determined by the platform- in other words, in case of economic dependency - more workers were willing to join the association. Likewise, experience of involuntary termination and lower wage were associated with a higher necessity for association membership. In this regard, the Mutual Aid Association, which targets platform workers, focused on unemployment deduction that can have a complimentary relationship with the national employment insurance, while also suggesting that necessity of the role of interest representation.