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비도시지역 내 공동주택단지의 밀도 및 옥외공간환경 변화에 관한 연구: 계획관리지역 및 개발진흥지구를 중심으로
임동빈,장옥련,김흥순 국토연구원 2010 국토연구 Vol.64 No.-
National Land Planning and Utilization Act was enacted and published to solve urban sprawl in 2002, but its effectiveness and insufficiency still remains as problems. This study empirically analyzed changes of density and outdoor space environment-related indecies of apartment complex in the non-urban area to visually verify development and improvement effectiveness by quantitating complex size, capacity and openness of structures, supply of convenience․culture․well-fare facilities, and energy use. A result, big-scale development has been processed and overcrowding of buildings has lowered according to increasing plottage while the area of outdoor space has increased in line with improvement in security conditions of open space. Rise in parking facilities and large acreage-oriented supply was shown as characteristics of complex after adopting the institution. However, residents' facilities such as convenience, culture, sports and rest facilities were not largely different from before, and it showed that the conditions of non-urban areas, where the basis of supported facilities outside the complex was not good, were not reflected. In addition, there was no change in the number of floors and buildings so that development of ‘single-building apartment’ type has been made instead of multiple composition of the apartment complex. 난개발 해결을 위한 노력이 반영된 「국토의 계획 및 이용에 관한 법률」이 2002년에 제정·공표되었지만 여전히 그 실효성과 제도의 미비함이 문제시되고 있다. 본 연구는 비도시지역 내 공동주택단지들의 밀도 및 옥외공간 환경관련 지표에 대한 변화를 실증적으로 분석하여 단지규모, 건축물의 용량과 개방성, 편의·문화·복지시설의 공급, 에너지 이용 등 제도도입 후 10여 년이 지난 시점에서 비도시지역 내 개발양상과 개선효과를 가시적으로 확인하여 보았다. 연구결과 대지면적의 증가로 규모를 갖춘 개발이 진행되고 있으며, 건물의 과밀 정도는 낮아지고, 옥외공간의 면적이 증가하여 양호한 오픈스페이스 확보 여건이 마련된 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 도시가스시설 공급이 확대되어 하부기반시설에 대한 개선도 함께 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 주차시설의 증가, 대형평형 위주의 공급도 제도도입 이후 특성으로 나타났다. 그러나 편의·복지·체육·휴게시설과 같은 주민지원시설은 종전과 크게 다르지 않은 것으로 나타나 단지외부의 지원시설 기반이 부족한 비도시지역의 여건이 여전히 나아지지 않고 있으며, 층수 및 동수의 변화도 없는 것으로 나타나 다채로운 단지구성이 아닌 ‘나홀로아파트’ 형태의 개발이 아직도 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
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사람의 골수 줄기 세포로부터의 골세포 분화 과정에서 BMP-2가 미치는 영향과 그에 따른 분화 유전자의 발현 비교 연구
김인숙,장옥련,조태형,이규백,박용두,노인섭,황순정,김명진,이종호,Kim, In-Sook,Zhang, Yu-Lian,Cho, Tae-Hyung,Lee, Kyu-Back,Park, Yong-Doo,Rho, In-Sub,Weber, F.,Hwang, Soon-Jung,Kim, Myung-Jin,Lee, Jong-Ho 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2005 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.27 No.1
It is commonly acknowledged that bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2) functions as a potential osteogenic inducer in bone formation. Recently, several papers reported that bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) from human is not responsive to BMP-2 in comparison to high capacity of BMP-2 in the osteoinduction of stromal cell derived from bone marrow of rodent animals such as rat or mouse. In this study, we characterized BMSC derived from 11 years old donor for the responsiveness to rhBMP-2, dexamethasone (Dex) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D), in order to analyze their function in the early osteogenesis. The effect of over mentioned agents was evaluated by means of assessing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity/staining, RT-PCR analysis and von Kossa staining. In addition, we analyzed the meaning of expressed several osteoblastic markers such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen typeI, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin with relation to either differentiation or mineralization. Only in the presence of Dex, human BMSC could commit osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization, and either BMP-2 or vitamin D treatment was not able to induce. But BMP-2 or Vitamin D showed potential synergy effect with Dex. ALP and bone sialoprotein were clearly expressed in response of Dex treatment compared to weak expression of osteopontin in early osteogenesis. Therefore, we expect that this study will contribute partly to elucidiating early osteogenesis mechanism in human, but variations among bone marrow donors must be considered through further study.
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쥐의 골수로부터 추출한 줄기세포를 이용한 조골세포로의 분화 유도과정에서 나타난 문제점에 관한 분석 연구
김인숙,조태형,장옥련,이규백,박용두,노인섭,이종호,김명진,황순정,Kim, In-Sook,Cho, Tae-Hyung,Zhang, Yu-Lian,Lee, Kyu-Back,Park, Yong-Doo,Rho, In-Sub,Weber, F.,Lee, Jong-Ho,Kim, Myung-Jin,Hwang, Soon-Jung 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2005 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.27 No.1
This study was aimed to characterize osteogenic potential of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) isolated with standard flushing method and investigate the plasticity of transdifferentiation between osteoblastic and adipocytic lineage of cultured BMSC. Unlike aspiration method in human, rat bone marrow was extracted by means of irrigation with culture media that elevates the possibility of co-extraction of committed osteoprogenitor, or preosteoblast or other progenitor cells of several types present inside bone marrow. The cultured stromal cells showed high ALP activity which is representative marker of osteoblast without any treatment. Osteogenic inducers such as Dex and BMP-2 were examined for the evaluation of their effect on osteogenic and adipocytic differentiation of stromal cells, because they function as osteoinductive agent in stromal cells, but simultaneously induce adipogenic differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity or mRNA expression of osteoblast markers such as osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, collagen type I and CbfaI, and in vitro matrix mineralization by von Kossa staining. Oil red staining method was used to detect adipocyte and adipocytic marker, aP2 and $PPAR{\gamma}2$ expression was examined using RT-PCR. It can be supposed that irrigation procedure resulted in high portion of already differentiation-committed osteoprogenitor cell showing elevated ALP activity and strong mineralization only under the supplement of $100{\mu}M$ ascorbic 2-phosphate and 10mM ${\beta}$-glycerophosphate without any treatment of osteogenic inducers such as Dex and BMP-2. Dex and BMP-2 seemed to transdifferentiate osteoprogenitor cells having high ALP activity into adipocytes temporarily, but continuous treatment redifferentiated into osteoblast and developed in vitro matrix mineralization. This property must be considered either in tissue engineering for bone regeneration, or in research of characterization of osteogenic differentiation, with rat BMSC isolated by the standard irrigation method.
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